Tabari (1 passage)

1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

   Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās: ( كُلُّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ رَهِينَةٌ ) "Every soul is held in pledge for what it has earned" — he says: seized on account of its deeds.

   Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word: ( كُلُّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ رَهِينَةٌ إِلا أَصْحَابَ الْيَمِينِ ) "Every soul is held in pledge for what it has earned, except the people of the right hand" — he said: the people are all locked up (held in pledge) except the people of the right hand.

   Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His word: ( كُلُّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ رَهِينَةٌ إِلا أَصْحَابَ الْيَمِينِ ) he said: they are not called to account.

   Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning the word of Allah: ( كُلُّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ رَهِينَةٌ إِلا أَصْحَابَ الْيَمِينِ ) — the people of the right hand are not held in pledge for their sins, but rather Allah forgives them on their behalf. And he recited the word of Allah: إِلا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ الْمُخْلَصِينَ "except the sincerely devoted servants of Allah" (37:40); he said: Allah does not call them to account for their evil deeds, but rather Allah forgives them on their behalf and overlooks them in their case, just as He has promised them.

   It was related to me on the authority of al-Ḥusayn, saying: I heard Abū Muʿādh say: ʿUbayd related to us, saying: I heard al-Ḍaḥḥāk say concerning His word: ( كُلُّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ رَهِينَةٌ ) he said: every soul against which the word of punishment has already been pronounced, Allah holds in pledge in the Fire. Allah holds none of the people of Paradise in pledge. Have you not heard that He said: ( كُلُّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ رَهِينَةٌ إِلا أَصْحَابَ الْيَمِينِ ) — he says: they are not held in pledge, ( فِي جَنَّاتٍ يَتَسَاءَلُونَ ) "in gardens, questioning one another".

   Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word: ( إِلا أَصْحَابَ الْيَمِينِ ) he said: if the word of punishment has already been pronounced against one of them, then his abode is made in the Fire, where he will be held in pledge; but none of the people of Paradise is held in pledge — they are in gardens, questioning one another.

   The people of interpretation (ahl al-taʾwīl) differed concerning who the people of the right hand are whom Allah mentioned in this place. Some of them said: they are the children of the Muslims.

   * Mention of who said that:

   Wāṣil ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to me, saying: Ibn Fuḍayl related to us, on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of ʿUthmān, on the authority of Zādhān, on the authority of ʿAlī, may Allah be pleased with him, concerning this verse: ( كُلُّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ رَهِينَةٌ إِلا أَصْحَابَ الْيَمِينِ ) he said: they are the children.

   Muḥammad ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: Muʾammal related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of ʿUthmān Abū al-Yaqẓān, on the authority of Zādhān Abū ʿUmar, on the authority of ʿAlī, may Allah be pleased with him, concerning His word: ( كُلُّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ رَهِينَةٌ إِلا أَصْحَابَ الْيَمِينِ ) he said: the children of the Muslims.

   Show original Arabic

   حدثني محمد بن سعد، قال: ثني أبي، قال: ثني عمي، قال: ثني أبي، عن أبيه، عن ابن عباس: ( كُلُّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ رَهِينَةٌ ) يقول: مأخوذة بعملها. حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة، قوله: ( كُلُّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ رَهِينَةٌ إِلا أَصْحَابَ الْيَمِينِ ) قال: غلق الناس كلهم إلا أصحاب اليمين. حدثني محمد بن عمرو، قال: ثنا أبو عاصم، قال: ثنا عيسى، وحدثني الحارث، قال: ثنا الحسن، قال: ثنا ورقاء، جميعا عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد، قوله: ( كُلُّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ رَهِينَةٌ إِلا أَصْحَابَ الْيَمِينِ ) قال: لا يحاسبون. حدثني يونس، قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب، قال: قال ابن زيد، في قول الله: ( كُلُّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ رَهِينَةٌ إِلا أَصْحَابَ الْيَمِينِ ) أصحابَ اليمين لا يرتهنون بذنوبهم، ولكن يغفرها الله لهم، وقرأ قول الله: إِلا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ الْمُخْلَصِينَ قال: لا يؤاخذهم الله بسيئ أعمالهم، ولكن يغفرها الله لهم، ويتجاوز عنهم كما وعدهم. حُدثت عن الحسين، قال: سمعت أبا معاذ يقول: ثنا عبيد، قال: سمعت الضحاك يقول في قوله: ( كُلُّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ رَهِينَةٌ ) قال: كل نفس سبقت له كلمة العذاب يرتهنه الله في النار، لا يرتهن الله أحدا من أهل الجنة، ألم تسمع أنه قال: ( كُلُّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ رَهِينَةٌ إِلا أَصْحَابَ الْيَمِينِ ) يقول: ليسوا رهينة ( فِي جَنَّاتٍ يَتَسَاءَلُونَ ). حدثني محمد بن سعد، قال: ثني أبي، قال: ثني عمي، قال: ثني أبي، عن أبيه، عن ابن عباس، في قوله: ( إِلا أَصْحَابَ الْيَمِينِ ) قال: إن كان أحدهم سبقت له كلمة العذاب جُعلَ منـزله في النار يكون فيها رهنا، وليس يرتهن أحد من أهل الجنة هم في جنات يتساءلون. واختلف أهل التأويل في أصحاب اليمين الذين ذكرهم الله في هذا الموضع، فقال بعضهم: هم أطفال المسلمين. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثني واصل بن عبد الأعلى، قال: ثنا ابن فضيل، عن الأعمش، عن عثمان، عن زاذان، عن علي رضي الله عنه في هذه الآية ( كُلُّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ رَهِينَةٌ إِلا أَصْحَابَ الْيَمِينِ ) قال: هم الولدان. حدثنا محمد بن بشار، قال: ثنا مؤمل، قال: ثنا سفيان، عن عثمان أبي اليقظان، عن زاذان أبي عمر عن عليّ رضي الله عنه في قوله: ( كُلُّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ رَهِينَةٌ إِلا أَصْحَابَ الْيَمِينِ ) قال: أطفال المسلمين.