Tafseer of The Heights · Al-A'raaf · 7:202
But their brothers - the devils increase them in error; then they do not stop short.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The discourse on the explanation of His statement: And their brethren draw them on into error (al-ghayy), and then they cease not (202).
Abū Jaʿfar said: The Exalted, whose praise is mentioned, says: and the brethren of the devils (shayāṭīn) — the devils draw them on into error. By His statement (yamuddūnahum, "they draw them on") He means: they increase them, and then they do not desist from that from which those who are God-fearing desist when a whispering of the devil touches them.
This is merely an announcement from Allah concerning the two groups — that of faith (īmān) and that of disbelief (kufr): that the group of faith, the people who fear Allah, when the devil leads them into a lapse, call to mind the greatness of Allah and His punishment, so that awe of Him restrains them from acts of disobedience to Him and brings them back to repentance and turning to Allah from the lapse they committed — and that the devil increases the group of the disbelievers (kāfir) in yet more error upon their error when they commit one of the acts of disobedience to Allah; and neither the fear of Allah nor the dread of the return to Him restrains them from persisting in it and increasing in it. Thus he is continually in increase of the committing of sin, and the devil continually increases him: the man does not cease committing the abominations, nor does the devil cease drawing him on, as:
15564 — Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: ʿAbdallāh ibn Ṣāliḥ related to us, saying: Muʿāwiya related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās: (and their brethren draw them on into error, and then they cease not) he said: neither do the people cease from the evil deeds they perform, nor do the devils cease feeding them with it.
15565 — Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His statement: (and their brethren draw them on into error, and then they cease not), he says: they are the jinn, they whisper to their allies among mankind — (and then they cease not), he says: they do not grow weary.
15566 — Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Aḥmad ibn al-Mufaḍḍal related to us, saying: Asbāṭ related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī: (and their brethren draw them on into error) — the brethren of the devils among the polytheists (mushrikīn), the devil draws them on into error — (and then they cease not).
15567 — Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, saying: Ibn Jurayj said: ʿAbdallāh ibn Kathīr said: and their brethren among the jinn, they draw on their brethren among mankind — (and then they cease not), he says: the man does not cease. He said: and "the drawing on" (al-madd) is the increase, that is to say: the people of polytheism (shirk), he says: the people of polytheism do not cease, as those who are God-fearing cease; they do not turn back, faith does not restrain them. — Ibn Jurayj said: Mujāhid said: (and their brethren) among the devils — (they draw them on into error, and then they cease not), out of folly they draw on the people of polytheism. — Ibn Jurayj said: And We have indeed created for Hell (jahannam) many among the jinn and mankind [Sūra al-Aʿrāf: 179]. He said: these are mankind. Allah says: (and their brethren draw them on into error).
15568 — Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Thawr related to me, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda: (and their brethren draw them on into error, and then they cease not) he said: the brethren of the devils, the devils draw them on into error — (and then they cease not).
15569 — Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to us, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid — (and their brethren) among the devils. (they draw them on into error), out of folly.
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And some of them explained His statement (and then they cease not) in the meaning: nor do the devils cease in drawing their brethren on into error.
* Mention of who said that:
15570 — Bishr ibn Muʿādh related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His statement: (and their brethren draw them on into error, and then they cease not) from them, and they show no mercy toward them.
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Abū Jaʿfar said: We have already set forth which of the two interpretations is, in our view, the correct one. We have chosen in this matter what we have chosen on the basis of what we have set forth, because Allah, in the verse before it, described the people who believe in Him, and their recoiling from disobedience to Him and what He abhors, back to what He loves, when they call His greatness to mind; then He caused to follow upon this the announcement concerning the brethren of the devils and their committing of acts of disobedience to Him. The most fitting, therefore, was to describe them with their persistence in it, since this followed upon the announcement concerning the believers' ceasing from it.
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As for His statement (yamuddūnahum), concerning it the reciters differed in their reading.
Some of the Medinans read it: "yumiddūnahum" with a ḍamma on the yāʾ, derived from "amdadtu".
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And the general body of the reciters of the Kufans and the Basrans read it: (yamuddūnahum) with a fatḥa on the yāʾ, derived from "madadtu".
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Abū Jaʿfar said: And the correct reading of it, in our view, is: (yamuddūnahum) with a fatḥa on the yāʾ, for that with which the devils draw their brethren among the polytheists on is merely an addition of the same kind as that which is drawn on; and when that which draws on is of the same kind as that which is drawn on, then the usage of the Arabs is "madadtu" and not "amdadtu".
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As for His statement (yuqṣirūn), the reciters follow the language of him who says: "aqṣartu, uqṣir". And the Arabs have therein two modes of expression: "qaṣartu ʿani l-shayʾ" and "aqṣartu ʿanhu".