Tabari (1 passage)

1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

   He, exalted is His mention, says: And when the believers saw a trade caravan or amusement, (they dispersed toward it) — that is to say: they hastened toward the trade. (And left you standing) He says to the Prophet ﷺ: and they left you, O Muḥammad, standing on the pulpit. That was because the trade which they saw and toward which the people dispersed, leaving the Prophet ﷺ standing, was oil with which Diḥya ibn Khalīfa had arrived from Syria.

   * Mention of who said that:

   Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Mihrān related to us, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of Ismāʿīl al-Suddī, on the authority of Abū Mālik, who said: Diḥya ibn Khalīfa arrived with a trade of oil from Syria, while the Prophet ﷺ was delivering the sermon on Friday. When they saw him, they got up and went to him at al-Baqīʿ, because they feared that others would get to him before them. He said: Then there was revealed: (And when they see a trade or amusement, they disperse toward it and leave you standing).

   Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Ibn Yamān related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī, on the authority of Qurra: When the call is made to prayer on the day of Friday; he said: Diḥya al-Kalbī came with a trade while the Prophet ﷺ was standing in prayer on the day of Friday, and they left the Prophet ﷺ and went to him. Then there was revealed: (And when they see a trade or amusement, they disperse toward it and leave you standing), to the end of the sūra.

   Abū Ḥuṣayn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Aḥmad ibn Yūnus related to me, saying: ʿAbthar related to us, saying: Ḥuṣayn related to us, on the authority of Sālim ibn Abī al-Jaʿd, on the authority of Jābir ibn ʿAbd Allāh, who said: "We were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on Friday, when a caravan passed by carrying food. He said: Then the people went out, except for twelve men, and then the verse of Friday was revealed."

   Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, who said: al-Ḥasan said: The people of Medina were struck by hunger and high prices. Then a caravan arrived while the Prophet ﷺ was delivering the sermon on the day of Friday, and they heard of it, so they went out while the Prophet ﷺ was standing, as Allah, mighty and exalted is He, has said.

   Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His word: (And when they see a trade or amusement, they disperse toward it and leave you standing); he said: A trade came and they turned toward it and left the Prophet ﷺ standing, and when they saw amusement and play. (Say: what is with Allah is better than the amusement and than the trade, and Allah is the best of providers).

   Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both — on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His word: (And when they see a trade or amusement, they disperse toward it); he said: they were men who got up to go to their pack animals and to set out on a journey, seeking trade.

   Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda: "While the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was addressing the people on the day of Friday, they began to slip away and get up until there remained but a small group of them. He said: How many are you? They counted themselves, and behold, they were twelve men and a woman. Then he stood up on the second Friday and began to address them — Sufyān said: I know it only as being in his narration: and admonished them and reminded them — and they began to slip away and get up until there remained but a small group of them. He said: How many are you? They counted themselves, and behold, they were twelve men and a woman. Then he stood up on the third Friday, and they began to slip away and get up until there remained but a small group of them. He said: How many are you? They counted themselves, and behold, they were twelve men and a woman. Then he said: 'By Him in Whose hand is my soul, if the last of you had followed the first of you, the valley would have blazed with fire against you.'" And Allah, mighty and exalted is He, revealed: (And when they see a trade or amusement, they disperse toward it and leave you standing).

   Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word: (they dispersed toward it and left you standing); he said: If the last of them had followed the first of them, the valley would have blazed with fire against them.

   He said: Ibn Thawr related to us, Maʿmar said, Qatāda said: There remained on that day no one with the Prophet ﷺ except twelve men and a woman with them.

   Muḥammad ibn ʿUmāra al-Rāzī related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn al-Ṣabbāḥ related to us, saying: Hushaym related to us, saying: Ḥuṣayn informed us, on the authority of Sālim and Abī Sufyān, on the authority of Jābir, concerning His word: (and left you standing); he said: A caravan arrived and they dispersed toward it, and there remained with the Prophet ﷺ none except twelve men.

   ʿAmr ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd al-Āmulī related to us, saying: Jarīr related to us, on the authority of Ḥuṣayn, on the authority of Sālim, on the authority of Jābir: "The Prophet ﷺ was delivering the sermon standing on the day of Friday, when a caravan came from Syria, and the people turned toward it until there remained only twelve men. He said: Then this verse about Friday was revealed: (And when they see a trade or amusement, they disperse toward it and leave you standing)." As for the amusement (lahw): there is disagreement over which kind of amusement it was. Some said: it was drums (kabar) and flutes.

   * Mention of who said that:

   Muḥammad ibn Sahl ibn ʿAskar related to us, saying: Yaḥyā ibn Ṣāliḥ related to us, saying: Sulaymān ibn Bilāl related to us, on the authority of Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Jābir ibn ʿAbd Allāh, who said: When the young men married, they used to pass by with drums and flutes and would leave the Prophet ﷺ standing on the pulpit and disperse toward it. Then Allah revealed: (And when they see a trade or amusement, they disperse toward it).

   And others said: it was a drum.

   * Mention of who said that:

   Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both — on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, who said: The amusement: the drum.

   Al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ashyab related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us, saying: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī Najīḥ mentioned, on the authority of Ibrāhīm ibn Abī Bakr, on the authority of Mujāhid, that the amusement: it is the drum.

   And what is most correct in this regard is the narration which we have related on the authority of Jābir, for he witnessed the affair of the people and their gatherings.

   And His word: (Say: what is with Allah is better than the amusement and than the trade) — He, exalted is His praise, says to His Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ: Say to them, O Muḥammad: that which is with Allah of reward for whoever remains seated to listen to the sermon of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and his admonition on the day of Friday, until the Messenger of Allah ﷺ is finished with it, is better for him than the amusement and than the trade toward which they disperse. (And Allah is the best of providers) He says: And Allah is the best provider, so turn to Him in seeking your sustenance, and ask Him that He give abundantly to you from His bounty, and none other.

   Show original Arabic

   يقول تعالى ذكره: وإذا رأى المؤمنون عير تجارة أو لهوًا( انْفَضُّوا إِلَيْهَا ) يعني أسرعوا إلى التجارة ( وَتَرَكُوكَ قَائِمًا ) يقول للنبيّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم: وتركوك يا محمد قائمًا على المنبر؛ وذلك أن التجارة التي رأوها فانفضّ القوم إليها ، وتركوا النبيّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم قائما كانت زيتًا قدم به دحية بن خليفة من الشام. * ذكر من قال ذلك : حدثنا ابن حُمَيْد، قال: ثنا مهران، عن سفيان، عن إسماعيل السديّ، عن أَبي مالك، قال: قدم دحية بن خليفة بتجارة زيت من الشام، والنبيّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم يخطب يوم الجمعة، فلما رأوه قاموا إليه بالبقيع خشوا أن يسبقوا إليه، قال: فنـزلت ( وَإِذَا رَأَوْا تِجَارَةً أَوْ لَهْوًا انْفَضُّوا إِلَيْهَا وَتَرَكُوكَ قَائِمًا ) . حدثنا أبو كُرَيب، قال: ثنا ابن يمان، قال: ثنا سفيان، عن السدّي ، عن قرة إِذَا نُودِيَ لِلصَّلاةِ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ قال: جاء دحية الكلبي بتجارة والنبيّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم قائم في الصلاة يوم الجمعة، فتركوا النبيّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم وخرجوا إليه، فنـزلت ( وَإِذَا رَأَوْا تِجَارَةً أَوْ لَهْوًا انْفَضُّوا إِلَيْهَا وَتَرَكُوكَ قَائِمًا ) حتى ختم السورة. حدثني أبو حصين عبد الله بن أحمد بن يونس، قال: ثنا عبثر، قال: ثنا حصين، عن سالم بن أَبي الجعد، عن جابر بن عبد الله، قال: " كنا مع رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم في الجمعة، فمرّت عير تحمل الطعام، قال: فخرج الناس إلا اثني عشر رجلا فنـزلت آية الجمعة ". حدثنا ابن عبد الأعلى، قال : ثنا محمد بن ثور، عن معمر، قال، قال الحسن: إن أهل المدينة أصابهم جوع وغلاء سعر، فقدمت عير والنبيّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم يخطب يوم الجمعة، فسمعوا بها، فخرجوا والنبيّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم قائم، كما قال الله عزّ وجلّ. حدثني يونس، قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب، قال: قال ابن زيد في قوله: ( وَإِذَا رَأَوْا تِجَارَةً أَوْ لَهْوًا انْفَضُّوا إِلَيْهَا وَتَرَكُوكَ قَائِمًا ) قال: جاءت تجارة فانصرفوا إليها، وتركوا النبي صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم قائمًا وإذا رأوا لهوا ولعبا( قُلْ مَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ خَيْرٌ مِنَ اللَّهْوِ وَمِنَ التِّجَارَةِ وَاللَّهُ خَيْرُ الرَّازِقِينَ ) . حدثني محمد بن عمرو، قال: ثنا أبو عاصم ، قال: ثنا عيسى؛ وحدثني الحارث، قال: ثنا الحسن، قال : ثنا ورقاء جميعًا، عن ابن أَبي نجيح، عن مجاهد في قوله: ( وَإِذَا رَأَوْا تِجَارَةً أَوْ لَهْوًا انْفَضُّوا إِلَيْهَا ) قال: رجال كانوا يقومون إلى نواضحهم وإلى السفر يبتغون التجارة. حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة: " بينما رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم يخطب الناس يوم الجمعة، فجعلوا يتسللون ويقومون حتى بقيت منهم عصابة، فقال: كم أنتم؟ فعدّوا أنفسهم فإذا اثنا عشر رجلا وامرأة؛ ثم قام في الجمعة الثانية فجعل يخطبهم؛ قال سفيان: ولا أعلم إلا أن في حديثه ويعظهم ويذكرهم، فجعلوا يتسللون ويقومون حتى بقيت منهم عصابة، فقال: كم أنتم، فعدّوا أنفسهم، فإذا اثنا عشر رجلا وامرأة؛ ثم قام في الجمعة الثالثة فجعلوا يتسللون ويقومون حتى بقيت منهم عصابة، فقال كم أنتم؟ فعدّوا أنفسهم، فإذا اثنا عشر رجلا وامرأة، فقال: " وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَوِ اتَّبَعَ آخِرُكمْ أوَّلَكُمْ لالْتَهَبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْوَادِي نَارًا " ، وأنـزل الله عزّ وجلّ: ( وَإِذَا رَأَوْا تِجَارَةً أَوْ لَهْوًا انْفَضُّوا إِلَيْهَا وَتَرَكُوكَ قَائِمًا ) . حدثنا ابن عبد الأعلى، قال: ثنا ابن ثور، عن معمر، عن قتادة، في قوله: ( انْفَضُّوا إِلَيْهَا وَتَرَكُوكَ قَائِمًا ) قال: لو اتبع آخرهم أوّلهم لالتهب عليهم الوادي نارًا. قال: ثنا ابن ثور، قال معمر، قال قتادة: لم يبق مع النبيّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم يومئذ إلا اثنا عشر رجلا وامرأة معهم. حدثنا محمد بن عمارة الرازي، قال: ثنا محمد بن الصباح، قال: ثنا هشيم، قال: أخبرنا حصين، عن سالم وأبي سفيان، عن جابر، في قوله: ( وَتَرَكُوكَ قَائِمًا ) قال: قدمت عير فانفضّوا إليها، ولم يبق مع النبيّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم إلا اثنا عشر رجلا. حدثنا عمرو بن عبد الحميد الآمُلي، قال: ثنا جرير، عن حصين، عن سالم، عن جابر " أن النبيّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم كان يخطب قائمًا يوم الجمعة، فجاءت عير من الشام، فانفتل الناس إليها حتى لم يبق إلا اثنا عشر رجلا قال: فنـزلت هذه الآية في الجمعة ( وَإِذَا رَأَوْا تِجَارَةً أَوْ لَهْوًا انْفَضُّوا إِلَيْهَا وَتَرَكُوكَ قَائِمًا ) وأما اللهو، فإنه اختُلف من أيّ أجناس اللهو كان، فقال بعضهم: كان كَبَرًا (1) ومزامير. * ذكر من قال ذلك : حدثنا محمد بن سهل بن عسكر، قال: ثنا يحيى بن صالح، قال: ثنا سليمان بن بلال، عن جعفر بن محمد، عن أبيه، عن جابر بن عبد الله، قال (2) كان الجواري إذا نكحوا كانوا يمرّون بالكبر والمزامير ويتركون النبيّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم قائمًا على المنبر، وينفضون إليها، فأنـزل الله ( وَإِذَا رَأَوْا تِجَارَةً أَوْ لَهْوًا انْفَضُّوا إِلَيْهَا ) وقال آخرون: كان طبلا. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثني محمد بن عمرو، قال: ثنا أَبو عاصم، قال: ثنا عيسى؛ وحدثني الحارث، قال: ثنا الحسن، قال: ثنا ورقاء جميعًا، عن ابن أَبي نجيح، عن مجاهد قال: اللهو: الطبل. حدثني الحارث، قال: ثنا الأشيب، قال: ثنا ورقاء، قال: ذكر عبد الله بن أَبي نجيح، عن إبراهيم بن أَبي بكر، عن مجاهد أن اللهو: هو الطبل. والذي هو أولى بالصواب في ذلك الخبر الذي رويناه عن جابر، لأنه قد أدرك أمر القوم ومشاهدهم. وقول: ( قُلْ مَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ خَيْرٌ مِنَ اللَّهْوِ وَمِنَ التِّجَارَةِ ) يقول جلّ ثناؤه لنبيه محمد صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم: قل لهم يا محمد الذي عند الله من الثواب، لمن جلس مستمعًا خطبة رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم وموعظته يوم الجمعة إلى أن يفرغ رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم منها ، خير له من اللهو ومن التجارة التي ينفضون إليها( وَاللَّهُ خَيْرُ الرَّازِقِينَ ) يقول: والله خير رازق، فإليه فارغبوا في طلب أرزاقكم، وإياه فأسألوا أن يوسع عليكم من فضله دون غيره.