Tafseer of The Moon · Al-Qamar · 54:45
[Their] assembly will be defeated, and they will turn their backs [in retreat].
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
As Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Ayyūb, who said: I know it only on the authority of ʿIkrima, that ʿUmar said: when سَيُهْزَمُ الْجَمْعُ ("The host shall be routed") (54:45) was revealed, I began to say: which host shall be routed? And when the day of Badr came, I saw the Prophet ﷺ leaping forth in his coat of mail while he said: سَيُهْزَمُ الْجَمْعُ وَيُوَلُّونَ الدُّبُرَ ("The host shall be routed and they shall turn their backs").
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Mihrān related to us, on the authority of Abū Jaʿfar, on the authority of al-Rabīʿ ibn Anas, concerning سَيُهْزَمُ الْجَمْعُ وَيُوَلُّونَ الدُّبُرَ, he said: the day of Badr.
He said: Yaḥyā ibn Wāḍiḥ related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, on the authority of Yazīd, on the authority of ʿIkrima, concerning His word سَيُهْزَمُ الْجَمْعُ ("The host shall be routed"), he means the host of Badr, وَيُوَلُّونَ الدُّبُرَ ("and they shall turn their backs").
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word سَيُهْزَمُ الْجَمْعُ ... [to the end of] the verse: we have been told that the Prophet of Allah ﷺ said on the day of Badr: "They are routed and have turned their backs."
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said, concerning His word سَيُهْزَمُ الْجَمْعُ وَيُوَلُّونَ الدُّبُرَ, he said: this is the day of Badr.
Yaʿqūb ibn Ibrāhīm related to me, saying: Ibn ʿUlayya related to us, saying: Ayyūb related to us, on the authority of ʿIkrima, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ "leapt forth in his coat of mail while he said: 'The host is routed and they have turned their backs.'"
Isḥāq ibn Shāhīn related to me, saying: Khālid ibn ʿAbd Allāh related to us, on the authority of Dāwūd, on the authority of ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭalḥa, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning سَيُهْزَمُ الْجَمْعُ وَيُوَلُّونَ الدُّبُرَ, he said: that was on the day of Badr. He said: they said: we are a victorious host. He said: then this verse was revealed.
