Tabari (1 passage)

1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

   The explanation of the saying of the Exalted: وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا فَإِنْ بَغَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الأُخْرَى فَقَاتِلُوا الَّتِي تَبْغِي حَتَّى تَفِيءَ إِلَى أَمْرِ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ فَاءَتْ فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا بِالْعَدْلِ وَأَقْسِطُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ (And if two groups of the believers fight one another, then make peace between them both; and if one of the two transgresses against the other, then fight the one that transgresses until it returns to the command of Allah; and if it returns, then make peace between them both with justice, and act equitably — verily, Allah loves those who act equitably) (9).

   The Exalted, whose remembrance is exalted, says: and if two groups of the people of faith fight one another, then make peace, O you believers, between them both by calling them to the judgement of the Book of Allah and to contentment with what is in it, for them and against them; and that is making peace between them both with justice. فَإِنْ بَغَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الأخْرَى (and if one of the two transgresses against the other) — He says: if one of these two groups refuses to consent to the judgement of the Book of Allah, for it and against it, and oversteps the limit that Allah has set as justice between His creatures, while the other of the two accepts it, فَقَاتِلُوا الَّتِي تَبْغِي (then fight the one that transgresses) — He says: then fight the one that oversteps the limit and refuses to accept the judgement of Allah. حَتَّى تَفِيءَ إِلَى أَمْرِ اللَّهِ (until it returns to the command of Allah) — He says: until it returns to the judgement of Allah that He has rendered in His Book between His creatures. فَإِنْ فَاءَتْ فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا بِالْعَدْلِ (and if it returns, then make peace between them both with justice) — He says: if the transgressing group, after your fighting it, returns to contentment with the judgement of Allah in His Book, then make peace between it and the other group that fought it with justice, that is to say: with equity between them both; and that is the judgement of Allah in His Book that He has set as justice between His creatures.

   And in accordance with what we have said about this, the people of interpretation (ahl al-taʾwīl) spoke.

   * Mention of who said that:

   ʿAlī related to me, saying: Abū Ṣāliḥ related to us, saying: Muʿāwiya related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His saying وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا فَإِنْ بَغَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الأخْرَى فَقَاتِلُوا الَّتِي تَبْغِي حَتَّى تَفِيءَ إِلَى أَمْرِ اللَّهِ (And if two groups of the believers fight one another, then make peace between them both; and if one of the two transgresses against the other, then fight the one that transgresses until it returns to the command of Allah): Allah, praised be He, commanded the Prophet ﷺ and the believers that, when two groups of the believers fight one another, they should call them to the judgement of Allah and grant the one his right against the other; if they accept that, judgement is rendered between them according to the Book of Allah, until the wronged one is granted his right against the wrongdoer; and whoever of them refuses to accept, that one is a transgressor (bāghī), and it is an obligation upon the imam of the believers to wage jihād against them and to fight them, until they return to the command of Allah and acknowledge the judgement of Allah.

   Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His saying وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا (And if two groups of the believers fight one another)... to the end of the verse, he said: this is a command from Allah by which He commanded those in authority, regarding the state of a dispute that arises between people; and He commanded them to make peace between them both; if they refuse, he fights the transgressing party until it returns to the command of Allah; and when it returns, they make peace between them both, and they inform them that the believers are brothers — so make peace between your two brothers. He said: and the transgressing party is fought by no one except the imam.

   And it was mentioned that this verse was sent down concerning two groups of the Aws and the Khazraj who fought one another over something about which they disputed, as I shall mention, if Allah the Exalted wills.

   * Mention of the narration about that:

   Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to me, saying: Muʿtamir ibn Sulaymān related to us, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Anas, he said: It was said to the Prophet ﷺ: "If only you would go to ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ubayy." He said: he set out to him riding on a donkey, and the Muslims went along, and it was a salty ground. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to him, he said: "Away from me! By Allah, the stench of your donkey has bothered me." A man of the Anṣār said: "By Allah, the scent of the donkey of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ is more fragrant than you." He said: then a man of his people became angry on behalf of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ubayy. He said: then for each of them their companions became angry. He said: and there occurred between them a striking with palm-branches, hands, and sandals. And it has reached us that concerning them was sent down وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا (And if two groups of the believers fight one another, then make peace between them both).

   Abū Ḥuṣayn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Aḥmad ibn Yūnus related to me, saying: ʿAbthar related to us, saying: Ḥuṣayn related to me, on the authority of Abū Mālik, concerning His saying وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا (And if two groups of the believers fight one another, then make peace between them both), he said: two men fought one another, and for this one his people became angry and for that one his people became angry, and they gathered until they struck one another with sandals, so that it nearly came to a fight among them. Then Allah sent down this verse.

   Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Hushaym related to us, on the authority of Ḥuṣayn, on the authority of Abū Mālik, concerning His saying وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا (And if two groups of the believers fight one another), he said: there was between them a fight without weapons.

   Yaʿqūb related to me, saying: Hushaym related to us, saying: Ḥuṣayn informed us, on the authority of Abū Mālik, concerning His saying وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا (And if two groups of the believers fight one another, then make peace between them both), he said: they were two tribes of the tribes of the Anṣār; between them both was a quarrel without weapons.

   Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Jarīr informed us, on the authority of Manṣūr, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His saying وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا (And if two groups of the believers fight one another, then make peace between them both), he said: their fight was with sandals and sticks, and He commanded them to make peace between them.

   He said: Mihrān related to us, saying: al-Mubārak ibn Faḍāla related to us, on the authority of al-Ḥasan وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا (And if two groups of the believers fight one another), he said: there used to be a dispute between the two tribes, and they were called to the judgement, but they refused to accept it. Then Allah sent down: وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا فَإِنْ بَغَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الأخْرَى فَقَاتِلُوا الَّتِي تَبْغِي حَتَّى تَفِيءَ إِلَى أَمْرِ اللَّهِ (And if two groups of the believers fight one another, then make peace between them both; and if one of the two transgresses against the other, then fight the one that transgresses until it returns to the command of Allah). He says: compel them to the judgement; and their fighting was the driving back.

   He said: Mihrān related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا (And if two groups of the believers fight one another, then make peace between them both), he said: there was a woman of the Anṣār who was called Umm Zayd, married to a man, and between her and her husband something had occurred, so that he confined her in an upper chamber. He said to them: "Guard her." This reached her people, and they came, and his people came, and they fought one another with hands and sandals. This reached the Prophet ﷺ, and he came to make peace between them. Then the Qurʾān was sent down وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا فَإِنْ بَغَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الأخْرَى (And if two groups of the believers fight one another, then make peace between them both; and if one of the two transgresses against the other). He said: "transgresses" means: is not content with the peacemaking of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, or with the judgement of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.

   Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both — on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His saying وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا (And if two groups of the believers fight one another), he said: the Aws and the Khazraj fought one another with sticks among themselves.

   Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا (And if two groups of the believers fight one another)... the verse: it was mentioned to us that it was sent down concerning two men of the Anṣār between whom was a quarrel over a right that existed between them both. One of them said to the other: "I will take it by force, because of the great number of my kinsfolk." And the other called him to have the dispute settled by the prophet of Allah ﷺ, but he refused to follow him. The matter continued until they drove one another back and until some of them assaulted others with hands and sandals; there was no fighting with swords. Then Allah commanded that it be fought until it returns to the command of Allah, the Book of Allah, and to the judgement of His prophet ﷺ. And it is not as the people of doubt-sowing have explained it, and the people of heretical innovation (bidʿa), and the people of slander against Allah and against His Book, that it is the believer whose killing is made lawful for you. For by Allah, Allah has so exalted the inviolability of the believer that He has forbidden you to think of your brother anything but good, and He said إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِخْوَةٌ (Verily, the believers are brothers)... the verse.

   Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of al-Ḥasan, that a people of the Muslims among whom was a quarrel, so that they struck one another with sandals and hands, and Allah sent down concerning them وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا (And if two groups of the believers fight one another). Qatāda said: there were two men between whom existed a right, and they disputed about it. One of them said: "I will take it by force, because of the great number of my kinsfolk." And the other said: "Between me and you stands the Messenger of Allah ﷺ." They disputed until there was between them both a striking with sandals and hands.

   Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said, he said: ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbbās related to me, he said: Zayd said, concerning the saying of Allah the Exalted وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا (And if two groups of the believers fight one another, then make peace between them both): and these are the two men of the people of Islam who fight one another, or the group and the group, or the tribe and the tribe. Allah commanded the imams of the Muslims that they judge between them with the right that He has sent down in His Book: whether it be retaliation (qiṣāṣ) and retribution (qawad), or the blood-money (ʿaql) and compensation, or pardon. فَإِنْ بَغَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الأخْرَى (and if one of the two transgresses against the other) — then the Muslims are with the wronged one against the wrongdoer, until he returns to the command of Allah and is content with it.

   Ibn al-Barqī related to us, saying: Ibn Abī Maryam related to us, saying: Nāfiʿ ibn Yazīd informed us, saying: Ibn Jurayj informed us, saying: Ibn Shihāb and others related to me — one adding to the narration of the other something — he said: "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was sitting in a gathering in which were ʿAbd Allāh ibn Rawāḥa and ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ubayy ibn Salūl. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ left, ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ubayy ibn Salūl said: 'The urine of his donkey has bothered us and blocked the air for us.' And between him and Ibn Rawāḥa something had occurred, until they went out with weapons. They came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he came to them and separated them. That is why ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ubayy says:

   When your very protector is your adversary, stubborn,

   you are wronged and they cast you down, those whom you fight. (2)

   He said: and concerning them was sent down this verse وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا (And if two groups of the believers fight one another)."

   And His saying وَأَقْسِطُوا (and act equitably) — the Exalted, whose remembrance is exalted, says: and be just, O you believers, in your judgement between those over whom you judge, by not overstepping in your judgements the judgement of Allah and the judgement of His Messenger. إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ (verily, Allah loves those who act equitably) — He says: verily, Allah loves those who are just in their judgements, who judge between His creatures with equity.

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   The footnotes:

   (2) The verse is by ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ubayy ibn Salūl, as the author has attributed it. This qaṣīda of Ibn Salūl is included in the Sīra of Ibn Hishām, first edition at the press of Muṣṭafā al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī and his sons in Cairo, 2: 236, 237. In it this verse appears, with yet another verse alongside it, which Ibn Hishām relates from someone other than Ibn Isḥāq, and they are:

   When your very protector is your adversary, you do not cease

   to be humiliated, and those whom you fight cast you down.

   And does the falcon ever rise without its wing?

   And if one day its feathers are clipped, then it falls down.

   The Prophet ﷺ had mounted a donkey, on his way to Saʿd ibn ʿUbāda to visit him because of an illness that had befallen him, and he passed on his way by the fortress of Ibn Salūl. He dismounted to greet him, and recited to him something from the Qurʾān. But [Ibn Ubayy] spoke harshly to the Messenger of Allah and forbade him to visit the gatherings of the Anṣār and to recite the Qurʾān to them. Ibn Rawāḥa was present and showed himself courteous toward the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said: "Yes indeed, visit us with it, and come to us in our gatherings and our houses, for it is, by Allah, something that we love and with which Allah has honoured us and guided us." Then Ibn Ubayy spoke, when he saw from the contradiction of his people what he saw... the two verses.

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   القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا فَإِنْ بَغَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الأُخْرَى فَقَاتِلُوا الَّتِي تَبْغِي حَتَّى تَفِيءَ إِلَى أَمْرِ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ فَاءَتْ فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا بِالْعَدْلِ وَأَقْسِطُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ (9) يقول تعالى ذكره: وإن طائفتان من أهل الإيمان اقتتلوا, فأصلحوا أيها المؤمنون بينهما بالدعاء إلى حكم كتاب الله, والرضا بما فيه لهما وعليهما, وذلك هو الإصلاح بينهما بالعدل ( فَإِنْ بَغَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الأخْرَى ) يقول: فإن أبَت إحدى هاتين الطائفتين الإجابة إلى حكم كتاب الله له, وعليه وتعدّت ما جعل الله عدلا بين خلقه, وأجابت الأخرى منهما( فَقَاتِلُوا الَّتِي تَبْغِي ) يقول: فقاتلوا التي تعتدي, وتأبى الإجابة إلى حكم الله ( حَتَّى تَفِيءَ إِلَى أَمْرِ اللَّهِ ) يقول: حتى ترجع إلى حكم الله الذي حكم في كتابه بين خلقه ( فَإِنْ فَاءَتْ فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا بِالْعَدْلِ ) يقول: فإن رجعت الباغية بعد قتالكم إياهم إلى الرضا بحكم الله في كتابه, فأصلحوا بينها وبين الطائفة الأخرى التي قاتلتها بالعدل: يعني بالإنصاف بينهما, وذلك حكم الله في كتابه الذي جعله عدلا بين خلقه. وينحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثني عليّ, قال: ثنا أبو صالح, قال: ثني معاوية, عن عليّ, عن ابن عباس, قوله ( وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا فَإِنْ بَغَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الأخْرَى فَقَاتِلُوا الَّتِي تَبْغِي حَتَّى تَفِيءَ إِلَى أَمْرِ اللَّهِ ) فإن الله سبحانه أمر النبيّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم والمؤمنين إذا اقتتلت طائفتان من المؤمنين أن يدعوهم إلى حكم الله, وينصف بعضهم من بعض, فإن أجابوا حكم فيهم بكتاب الله, حتى ينصف المظلوم من الظالم, فمن أبى منهم أن يجيب فهو باغ, فحقّ على إمام المؤمنين أن يجاهدهم ويقاتلهم, حتى يفيئوا إلى أمر الله, ويقرّوا بحكم الله. حدثني يونس, قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب, قال: قال ابن زيد في قوله ( وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا )... إلى آخر الآية, قال: هذا أمر من الله أمر به الوُلاة كهيئة ما تكون العصبة بين الناس, وأمرهم أن يصلحوا بينهما, فإن أبوْا قاتل الفئة الباغية, حتى ترجع إلى أمر الله, فإذا رجعت أصلحوا بينهما, وأخبروهم أن المؤمنين إخوة, فأصلحوا بين أخويكم; قال: ولا يقاتل الفئة الباغية إلا الإمام. وذُكر أن هذه الآية نـزلت في طائفتين من الأوس والخزرج اقتتلتا في بعض ما تنازعتا فيه, مما سأذكره إن شاء الله تعالى. * ذكر الرواية بذلك: حدثني محمد بن عبد الأعلى, قال: ثنا معتمر بن سليمان, عن أبيه, عن أنس, قال: قيل للنبيّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم: لو أتيت عبد الله بن أُبيّ, قال: فانطلق إليه وركب حمارا, وانطلق المسلمون, وهي أرض سبخة; فلما أتاه رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم قال: إليك عني, فوالله لقد آذاني نتن حمارك, فقال رجل من الأنصار: والله لنتن حمار رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم أطيب ريحا منك, قال: فغضب لعبد الله بن أُبيّ رجل من قومه قال: فغضب لكل واحد منهما أصحابه, قال: فكان بينهم ضرب بالجريد والأيدي والنعال, فبلغنا أنه نـزلت فيهم ( وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا ). حدثني أبو حُصين عبد الله بن أحمد بن يونس, قال: ثنا عبثر, قال: ثني حصين, عن أبي مالك في قوله ( وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا ) قال: رجلان اقتتلا فغضب لذا قومه, ولذا قومه, فاجتمعوا حتى اضربوا بالنعال حتى كاد يكون بينهم قتال, فأنـزل الله هذه الآية. حدثنا أبو كُرَيب, قال: ثنا هشيم, عن حصين, عن أبي مالك, في قوله ( وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا ) قال: كان بينهم قتال بغير سلاح. حدثني يعقوب, قال: ثنا هشيم, قال: أخبرنا حصين, عن أبي مالك, في قوله ( وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا ) قال: كانا حيين من أحياء الأنصار, كان بينهما تنازع بغير سلاح. حدثنا ابن حُمَيد, قال: أخبرنا جرير, عن منصور, عن سعيد بن جُبير, عن ابن عباس, في قوله ( وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا ) قال: كان قتالهم بالنعال والعصيّ, فأمرهم أن يصلحوا بينهم. قال: ثنا مهران, قال: ثنا المُبارك بن فَضَالة, عن الحسن ( وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا ) قال: كانت تكون الخصومة بين الحيين, فيدعوهم إلى الحكم, فيأبَوْن أن يجيبوا فأنـزل الله : ( وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا فَإِنْ بَغَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الأخْرَى فَقَاتِلُوا الَّتِي تَبْغِي حَتَّى تَفِيءَ إِلَى أَمْرِ اللَّهِ ) يقول: ادفعوهم إلى الحكم, فكان قتالهم الدفع. قال: ثنا مهران, قال: ثنا سفيان, عن السديّ( وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا ) قال: كانت امرأة من الأنصار يقال لها أم زيد, تحت رجل, فكان بينها وبين زوجها شيء, فرقاها إلى علية, فقال لهم: احفظوا, فبلغ ذلك قومها, فجاءوا وجاء قومه, فاقتتلوا بالأيدي والنعال فبلغ ذلك النبيّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم, فجاء ليصلح بينهم, فنـزل القرآن ( وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا فَإِنْ بَغَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الأخْرَى ) قال: تبغي: لا ترضى بصلح رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم, أو بقضاء رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم. حدثني محمد بن عمرو, قال: ثنا أبو عاصم, قال: ثنا عيسى; وحدثني الحارث, قال: ثنا الحسن, قال: ثنا ورقاء جميعا, عن ابن أبي نجيح, عن مجاهد, قوله ( وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا ) قال: الأوس والخزرج اقتتلوا بالعصيّ بينهم. حدثنا بشر, قال: ثنا يزيد, قال: ثنا سعيد, عن قتادة ( وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا )... الآية, ذُكر لنا أنها نـزلت في رجلين من الأنصار كانت بينهما مدارأة في حقّ بينهما, فقال أحدهما للآخر: لآخذنه عنوة لكثرة عشيرته, وأن الآخر دعاه ليحاكمه إلى نبيّ الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم, فأبى أن يتبعه, فلم يزل الأمر حتى تدافعوا, وحتى تناول بعضهم بعضا بالأيدي والنعال, ولم يكن قتال بالسيوف, فأمر الله أن تُقاتل حتى تفيء إلى أمر الله, كتاب الله, وإلى حكم نبيه صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم; وليست كما تأوّلها أهل الشبهات, وأهل البدع, وأهل الفراء على الله وعلى كتابه, أنه المؤمن يحلّ لك قتله, فوالله لقد عظَّم الله حُرمة المؤمن حتى نهاك أن تظنّ بأخيك إلا خيرا, فقال إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِخْوَةٌ ... الآية. حدثنا ابن عبد الأعلى, قال: ثنا ابن ثور, عن معمر, عن الحسن, أن قوما من المسلمين كان بينهم تنازع حتى اضطربوا بالنعال والأيدي, فأنـزل الله فيهم ( وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا ) قال قتادة: كان رجلان بينهما حقّ, فتدارءا فيه, فقال أحدهما: لآخذنَّه عنوة, لكثرة عشيرته; وقال الآخر: بيني وبينك رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم, فتنازعا حتى كان بينهما ضرب بالنعال والأيدي. حدثني يونس, قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب, قال: قال ابن زيد, قال: ثني عبد الله بن عباس, قال: قال زيد, في قول الله تعالى : ( وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا ) , وذلك الرجلان يقتتلان من أهل الإسلام, أو النفر والنفر, أو القبيلة والقبيلة; فأمر الله أئمة المسلمين أن يقضوا بينهم بالحقّ الذي أنـزله في كتابه: إما القصاص والقود, وإمَّا العقل والعير, وإمَّا العفو,( فَإِنْ بَغَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الأخْرَى ) بعد ذلك كان المسلمون مع المظلوم على &; 22-296 &; الظالم, حتى يفيء إلى أمر الله, ويرضى به. حدثنا ابن البرقي, قال: ثنا ابن أبي مريم, قال: أخبرنا نافع بن يزيد, قال: أخبرنا ابن جُرَيج, قال: ثني ابن شهاب وغيره: يزيد في الحديث بعضهم على بعض, قال: " جلس رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم في مجلس فيه عبد الله بن رواحة, وعبد الله بن أُبيّ بن سلول: فلما ذهب رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم قال عبد الله بن أُبيّ بن سلول: لقد آذانا بول حماره, وسدّ علينا الروح, وكان بينه وبين ابن رواحة شيء حتى خرجوا بالسلاح, فأتى رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم, فأتاهم, فحجز بينهم, فلذلك يقول عبد الله بن أُبيّ: مَتـى مـا يَكُـنْ مَوْلاكَ خَصْمَكَ جاهدا تُظَلَّــم وَيَصْـرَعْكَ الَّـذينَ تُصَـارِعُ (2) قال: فأنـزلت فيهم هذه الآية ( وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا ). وقوله ( وَأَقْسِطُوا ) يقول تعالى ذكره: واعدلوا أيها المؤمنون في حكمكم بين من حكمتم بينهم بأن لا تتجاوزوا في أحكامكم حكم الله وحكم رسوله ( إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ ) يقول: إن الله يحب العادلين في أحكامهم, القاضين بين خلقه بالقسط. ------------------------ الهوامش: (2) البيت لعبد الله بن أبي بن سلول ، كما عزاه المؤلف . وقد وردت قصيدة ابن سلول هذه في السيرة لابن هشام الطبعة الأولى بمطبعة مصطفى البابي الحلبي وأولاده بالقاهرة 2 : 236 ، 237 . وورد في أثنائها البيت ومعه بيت آخر ، رواه ابن هشام عن غير ابن إسحاق وهما : متـى مـا يكن مولاك خصمك لا تـزل تــذل ويصـرعك الـذين تصــارع وهـل ينهـض البـازي بغـير جناحه وإن جـذ يومـا ريشـه فهـو واقـع وكان النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ركب حمارًا ، قاصدًا إلى سعد بن عبادة يعوده من شكو أصابه ، فمر بطريقه بأطم ابن سلول ، فنزل يسلم عليه ، وتلا عنده شيئا من القرآن . فكلم رسول الله كلامًا خشنًا ، ونهاه أن يغشى مجالس الأنصار ، ويعرض عليهم القرآن . وكان ابن رواحة حاضرًا ، فتلطف برسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وقال : بلى فاغشنا به ، وائتنا في مجالسنا ودورنا وبيوتنا ، هو والله مما نحب ، ومما أكرمنا الله به ، وهدانا له ، فقال ابن أبي حين رأى من خلاف قومه ما رأى ... البيتين .