Tabari (1 passage)

1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

   The explanation of the saying of the Exalted: لَقَدْ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذْ يُبَايِعُونَكَ تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِ فَعَلِمَ مَا فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ فَأَنْزَلَ السَّكِينَةَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَثَابَهُمْ فَتْحًا قَرِيبًا (18) ("Indeed, Allah was well pleased with the believers when they swore allegiance to you under the tree; He knew what was in their hearts and so sent down tranquility (sakīna) upon them, and He rewarded them with a near victory.") (18)

   The Exalted, whose praise is exalted, says: Indeed, Allah, O Muḥammad, has found pleasure in the believers إِذْ يُبَايِعُونَكَ تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِ ("when they swore allegiance to you under the tree") — He means the oath of allegiance (bayʿa) of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to the Messenger of Allah at al-Ḥudaybiya, when they swore allegiance to him to declare armed combat against Quraysh and not to flee and not to turn their backs to them, under the tree. Their oath of allegiance to him took place there, according to what has been transmitted, under a tree.

   The occasion of this oath of allegiance was, according to what is said: the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had sent ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān, may Allah be pleased with him, with his message to the leading men of Quraysh, and ʿUthmān remained away for some time, so that it was thought that he had been killed. Thereupon he called his Companions to renew the oath of allegiance to fight them, in the manner I have described, and they swore allegiance to him upon that. This is the oath of allegiance that is called the Bayʿat al-Riḍwān (the Oath of Good Pleasure). Those who swore this oath to him were, according to what is transmitted in the statement of some: one thousand four hundred; in the statement of some: one thousand five hundred; and in the statement of some: one thousand three hundred.

   Mention of the transmission concerning what we have described about the occasion of this oath of allegiance:

   Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Salama related to us, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq, saying: some scholars related to me that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ called Khirāsh ibn Umayya al-Khuzāʿī and sent him to Quraysh in Mecca, and mounted him on a camel of his that was called al-Thaʿlab, so that he might convey to their leading men that for which he had come. That was when he halted at al-Ḥudaybiya. They mutilated the camel of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and wanted to kill him, but the Aḥābīsh restrained them from him, so that they released him, until he reached the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.

   He said: Salama related to us, on the authority of Ibn Isḥāq, saying: someone whom I do not suspect of lying related to me, on the authority of ʿIkrima, the freedman of Ibn ʿAbbās: "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ called ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb to send him to Mecca, so that he might convey on his behalf to the leading men of Quraysh that for which he had come. He said: O Messenger of Allah, I fear Quraysh for my life, and in Mecca there is none of the Banū ʿAdī ibn Kaʿb who can protect me, and Quraysh knows my enmity toward them and my harshness against them. But I point you to a man who is mightier there than I am: ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān. Thereupon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ called ʿUthmān and sent him to Abū Sufyān and the leading men of Quraysh to inform them that he had not come for war, but came only as a visitor to this House, in reverence for its sanctity. ʿUthmān set out for Mecca, and Abān ibn Saʿīd ibn al-ʿĀṣ met him when he entered Mecca, or before he entered it, and he dismounted from his mount and seated him before himself, then behind himself, and granted him protection until he had conveyed the message of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. ʿUthmān went on until he came to Abū Sufyān and the chiefs of Quraysh, and he conveyed to them what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had charged him with. They said to ʿUthmān, when he had finished the message of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: if you wish to circumambulate the House, then go around it. He said: I will not do that until the Messenger of Allah ﷺ circumambulates it. Thereupon Quraysh detained him with them, and the report reached the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the Muslims that ʿUthmān had been killed."

   He said: Salama related to us, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq, saying: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī Bakr related to me: "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ, when it reached him that ʿUthmān had been killed, said: we shall not depart until we have declared combat against the people, and he called the people to the oath of allegiance. Thus the Bayʿat al-Riḍwān took place under the tree. The people said: the Messenger of Allah ﷺ took from them the oath unto death. But Jābir ibn ʿAbd Allāh said: the Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not take from us the oath unto death, but he took from us the oath that we would not flee. The people swore allegiance to the Messenger of Allah, and none of the Muslims present held back except al-Jadd ibn Qays, the brother of the Banū Salima. Jābir ibn ʿAbd Allāh used to say: it is as if I still see him, pressed against the armpit of his she-camel, hiding behind it to withdraw himself from the sight of the people. Afterward it came to the hearing of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ that what had been related about the affair of ʿUthmān was false."

   Muḥammad ibn ʿUmāra al-Asadī related to us, saying: ʿUbayd Allāh ibn Mūsā related to us, saying: Mūsā ibn ʿUbayda informed us, on the authority of Iyās ibn Salama, who said: Salama said: "While we were taking our midday rest in the time of al-Ḥudaybiya, the crier of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ called out: O people, the oath of allegiance, the oath of allegiance! The Holy Spirit (Rūḥ al-Qudus), the blessings of Allah be upon him, has descended. He said: we hastened to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he was under a samura tree. He said: and we swore allegiance to him. That is the saying of Allah: لَقَدْ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذْ يُبَايِعُونَكَ تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِ ('Indeed, Allah was well pleased with the believers when they swore allegiance to you under the tree')."

   ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd ibn Bayān al-Yashkurī related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Yazīd related to us, on the authority of Ismāʿīl, on the authority of ʿĀmir, who said: the first to swear the Bayʿat al-Riḍwān was a man of the Banū Asad named Abū Sinān ibn Wahb.

   Ibn al-Muthannā related to us, saying: Yaḥyā ibn Ḥammād related to us, saying: Hammām related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn al-Musayyab, who said: my grandfather was called Ḥazn, and he was among those who swore allegiance under the tree. We came to it the following year, but it was concealed from us (we could not find it again).

   Ibn al-Muthannā related to us, saying: Yaḥyā ibn Ḥammād related to us, saying: Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: ʿAmr ibn al-Ḥārith informed me, on the authority of Bukayr ibn al-Ashajj: "It reached him that the people swore allegiance to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ unto death, whereupon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: according to what you are able. The tree under which the oath was sworn lay in a mountain pass in the direction of Mecca. It is claimed that ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb, may Allah be pleased with him, passed by that spot after the tree had disappeared, and he said: where was it? One began to say: here, and another said: there. When their disagreement increased, he said: go on, this is contrived exaggeration. Thus the tree disappeared; it was a samura, either carried off by a flood, or by something other than that."

   * Mention of the number of those who swore this oath of allegiance:

   We have already mentioned the difference of the contending parties concerning their number, and we shall mention the transmissions of those who proclaim the aforementioned statements, if Allah the Exalted wills.

   * Mention of those who said: their number was one thousand four hundred:

   Yaḥyā ibn Ibrāhīm al-Masʿūdī related to me, saying: my father related to us, on the authority of his father, on the authority of his grandfather, on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of Abū Sufyān, on the authority of Jābir, who said: "We were on the day of al-Ḥudaybiya one thousand four hundred, and we swore allegiance to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ that we would not flee, and we did not swear allegiance to him unto death. He said: and we all swore allegiance to him except al-Jadd ibn Qays, who hid himself under the armpit of his she-camel."

   Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said: al-Qāsim ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAmr informed me, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn al-Munkadir, on the authority of Jābir ibn ʿAbd Allāh: "They were on the day of al-Ḥudaybiya fourteen hundred, and we swore allegiance to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ while ʿUmar held his hand, under the tree, and it was a samura. We all swore allegiance except al-Jadd ibn Qays al-Anṣārī, who hid himself under the armpit of his camel. Jābir said: we swore allegiance to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ that we would not flee, and we did not swear allegiance to him unto death."

   Yūsuf ibn Mūsā al-Qaṭṭān related to us, saying: Hishām ibn ʿAbd al-Malik and Saʿīd ibn Sharaḥbīl al-Miṣrī related to us, both saying: Layth ibn Saʿd al-Miṣrī related to us, saying: Abū al-Zubayr related to us, on the authority of Jābir, who said: "We were on the day of al-Ḥudaybiya one thousand four hundred, and we swore allegiance to him while ʿUmar held his hand, under the tree, and it was a samura. We swore allegiance to him that we would not flee, and we did not swear allegiance to him unto death" — he means the Prophet ﷺ.

   Ibn Bashshār and Ibn al-Muthannā related to us, both saying: Ibn Abī ʿAdī related to us, on the authority of Saʿīd, on the authority of Qatāda, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn al-Musayyab, that it was said to him: "Jābir ibn ʿAbd Allāh says that the people of the tree were one thousand five hundred. Saʿīd said: Jābir has forgotten; he himself said to me: they were one thousand four hundred."

   Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Salama related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq related to me, on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of Abū Sufyān, on the authority of Jābir, who said: we, the people of al-Ḥudaybiya, were fourteen hundred.

   * Mention of those who said: their number was one thousand five hundred and twenty-five:

   Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to us, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās: لَقَدْ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذْ يُبَايِعُونَكَ تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِ ("Indeed, Allah was well pleased with the believers when they swore allegiance to you under the tree"), he said: the people of the oath of allegiance under the tree were one thousand five hundred and twenty-five.

   Bishr related to me, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, who said: "Those who swore allegiance to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ under the tree, for whom the spoils of Khaybar were apportioned, were on that day fifteen hundred, and they swore allegiance that they would not flee from him."

   * Mention of those who said: they were one thousand three hundred:

   Ibn al-Muthannā related to us, saying: Abū Dāwūd related to us, saying: Shuʿba related to us, on the authority of ʿAmr ibn Murra, who said: I heard ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī Awfā say: "They were on the day of the tree one thousand three hundred, and Aslam was on that day a [clan] of the Muhājirūn."

   And His saying فَعَلِمَ مَا فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ ("He knew what was in their hearts"): the Exalted, whose praise is exalted, says: your Lord, O Muḥammad, knew what was in the hearts of the believers among your Companions when they swore allegiance to you under the tree, of sincerity of intention, of faithfulness to that upon which they swore the oath to you, and of patient perseverance with you. فَأَنـزلَ السَّكِينَةَ عَلَيْهِمْ ("and so sent down tranquility upon them"), He says: and He sent down reassurance upon them, and steadfastness in that upon which they stood of their religion and their clear insight into the truth to which Allah had guided them.

   And in the same sense as what we have said about this, the exegetes have spoken.

   * Mention of those who said that:

   Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His saying فَعَلِمَ مَا فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ فَأَنـزلَ السَّكِينَةَ عَلَيْهِمْ ("He knew what was in their hearts and so sent down tranquility upon them"): that is to say the patience and the dignity.

   And His saying وَأَثَابَهُمْ فَتْحًا قَرِيبًا ("and He rewarded them with a near victory"), He says: and He gave them in the near term, in place of that from which they had hoped to attain victory — the spoils of the people of Mecca by fighting their inhabitants — a near victory, and that was, according to what is said, the conquest of Khaybar.

   * Mention of those who said that:

   Ibn al-Muthannā related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar related to us, saying: Shuʿba related to us, on the authority of al-Ḥakam, on the authority of Ibn Abī Laylā: وَأَثَابَهُمْ فَتْحًا قَرِيبًا ("and He rewarded them with a near victory"), he said: Khaybar.

   Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda: وَأَثَابَهُمْ فَتْحًا قَرِيبًا ("and He rewarded them with a near victory"), and it was Khaybar.

   Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His saying وَأَثَابَهُمْ فَتْحًا قَرِيبًا ("and He rewarded them with a near victory"), he said: it has reached me that it was Khaybar.

   End of the tafsīr of Surah Al-Fatḥ.

   Show original Arabic

   القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : لَقَدْ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذْ يُبَايِعُونَكَ تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِ فَعَلِمَ مَا فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ فَأَنْزَلَ السَّكِينَةَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَثَابَهُمْ فَتْحًا قَرِيبًا (18) يقول تعالى ذكره: لقد رضي الله يا محمد عن المؤمنين ( إِذْ يُبَايِعُونَكَ تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِ ) يعني بيعة أصحاب رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم وسول الله بالحديبية حين بايعوه على مناجزة قريش الحرب, وعلى أن لا يفرّوا, ولا يولوهم الدبر تحت الشجرة, وكانت بيعتهم إياه هنالك فيما ذكر تحت شجرة. وكان سبب هذه البيعة ما قيل: إن رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم كان أرسل عثمان بن عفان رضي الله عنه برسالته إلى الملإ من قريش, فأبطأ عثمان عليه بعض الإبطاء, فظنّ أنه قد قتل, فدعا أصحابه إلى تجديد البيعة على حربهم على ما وصفت, فبايعوه على ذلك, وهذه البيعة التي تسمى بيعة الرضوان, وكان الذين بايعوه هذه البيعة فيما ذُكر في قول بعضهم: ألفا وأربع مئة, وفي قول بعضهم: ألفا وخمس مئة, وفي قول بعضهم: ألفا وثلاث مئة. ذكر الرواية بما وصفنا من سبب هذه البيعة: حدثنا ابن حميد, قال: ثنا سلمة, عن محمد بن إسحاق, قال: ثني بعض أهل العلم أن رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم دعا خراش بن أمية الخزاعي, فبعثه إلى قريش بمكة, وحمله على جمل له يقال له الثعلب, ليبلغ أشرافهم عنه ما جاء له, وذلك حين نـزل الحديبية, فعقروا به جمل رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم, وأرادوا قتله, فمنعه الأحابيش فخلوا سبيله, حتى أتى رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم . قال: ثنا سلمة, عن ابن إسحاق, قال: فحدثني من لا أتهم, عن عكرِمة مولى ابن عباس: " أن رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم دعا عمر بن الخطاب ليبعثه إلى مكة, فيبلغ عنه أشراف قريش ما جاء له, فقال: يا رسول الله إني أخاف قريشا على نفسي, وليس بمكة من بني عديّ بن كعب أحد يمنعني, وقد عرفت قريش عداوتي إياها, وغلظتي عليهم, ولكني أدلك على رجل هو أعزّ بها مني عثمان بن عفان, فدعا رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم عثمان, فبعثه إلى أبي سفيان وأشراف قريش يخبرهم أنه لم يأت لحرب, وإنما جاء زائرا لهذا البيت, معظما لحرمته, فخرج عثمان إلى مكة, فلقيه أبان بن سعيد بن العاص حين دخل مكة أو قبل أن يدخلها, فنـزل عن دابته, فحمله بين يديه, ثم ردفه وأجاره حتى بلغ رسالة رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم, فانطلق عثمان حتى أتى أبا سفيان وعظماء قريش, فبلغهم عن رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم ما أرسله به, فقالوا لعثمان حين فرغ من رسالة رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم: إن شئت أن تطوف بالبيت فطف به, قال: ما كنت لأفعل حتى يطوف به رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم, فاحتبسته قريش عندها, فبلغ رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم والمسلمين أن عثمان قد قُتل " . قال: ثنا سلمة, عن محمد بن إسحاق, قال: فحدثني عبد الله بن أبي بكر " أن رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم حين بلغه أن عثمان قد قتل, قال: لا نَبْرَحُ حتى نُناجِزَ القَوْمَ, ودعا الناس إلى البيعة, فكانت بيعة الرضوان تحت الشجرة, فكان الناس يقولون: بايعهم رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم على الموت فكان جابر بن عبد الله يقول: إن رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم لم يبايعنا على الموت, ولكنه بايعنا على أن لا نفر, فبايع رسول الله الناسُ, ولم يتخلف عنه أحد من المسلمين حضرها إلا الجد بن قيس أخو بني سلمة, كان جابر بن عبد الله يقول: لكأني أنظر إليه لاصقا بإبط ناقته, قد اختبأ إليها, يستتر بها من الناس, ثم أتى رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم أن الذي ذُكر من أمر عثمان باطل ". حدثنا محمد بن عمارة الأسديّ, قال: ثنا عبيد الله بن موسى, قال: أخبرنا موسى بن عبيدة, عن إياس بن سلمة, قال: قال سلمة: " بينما نحن قائلون زمن الحديبية, نادى منادي رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم: أيها الناس البيعة البيعة, نـزل روح القدس صلوات الله عليه, قال: فثرنا إلى رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم, وهو تحت شجرة سمرة, قال: فبايعناه, وذلك قول الله ( لَقَدْ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذْ يُبَايِعُونَكَ تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِ ). جدثنا عبد الحميد بن بيان اليشكري, قال: ثنا محمد بن يزيد, عن إسماعيل, عن عامر, قال: كان أوّل من بايع بيعة الرضوان رجل من بني أسد يقال له أبو سنان بن وهب. حدثنا ابن المثنى, قال: ثنا يحيى بن حماد, قال: ثنا همام, عن قتادة, عن سعيد بن المسيب, قال: كان جدّي يقال له حَزْن, وكان ممن بايع تحت الشجرة, فأتيناها من قابل, فعُمِّيت علينا. حدثنا ابن المثنى, قال: ثنا يحيى بن حماد, قال: ثني يونس, قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب, قال: أخبرني عمرو بن الحارث, عن بُكير بن الأشجّ " أنه بلغه أن الناس بايعوا رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم على الموت, فقال رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم: عَلَى ما اسْتَطَعْتُمْ . والشجرة التي بُويع تحتها بفج نحو مكة, وزعموا أن عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه مرّ بذلك المكان بعد أن ذهبت الشجرة, فقال: أين كانت, فجعل بعضهم يقول هنا, وبعضهم يقول: ههنا, فلما كثر اختلافهم قال: سيروا هذا التكلف فذهبت الشجرة وكانت سمرة إما ذهب بها سيل, وإما شيء سوى ذلك ". * ذكر عدد الذين بايعوا هذه البيعة: وقد ذكرنا اختلاف المختلفين في عددهم, ونذكر الروايات عن قائلي المقالات التي ذكرناها إن شاء الله تعالى. * ذكر من قال: عددهم ألف وأربع مئة: حدثني يحيى بن إبراهيم المسعودي, قال: ثنا أبي, عن أبيه, عن جده, عن الأعمش, عن أبي سفيان عن جابر, قال: " كنا يوم الحُديبية ألفا وأربع مئة, فبايعنا رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم على أن لا نفرّ, ولم نبايعه على الموت, قال: فبايعناه كلنا إلا الجدَّ بن قيس اختبأ تحت إبط ناقته ". حدثني يونس, قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب, قال: قال ابن زيد, أخبرني القاسم بن عبد الله بن عمرو, عن محمد بن المنكدر, عن جابر بن عبد الله " أنهم كانوا يوم الحُديبية أربع عشرة مئة, فبايعنا رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم وعمر آخذ بيده تحت الشجرة, وهي سمرة, فبايعنا غير الجدّ بن قيس الأنصاريّ, اختبأ تحت إبط بعيره, قال جابر: بايعنا رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم على أن لا نفرّ ولم نبايعه على الموت ". حدثنا يوسف بن موسى القطان, قال: ثنا هشام بن عبد الملك وسعيد بن شرحبيل المصري, قالا ثنا ليث بن سعد المصري قال: ثنا أبو الزبير, عن جابر, قال: " كنا يوم الحديبية ألفا وأربع مئة, فبايعناه وعمر آخذ بيده تحت الشجرة وهي سمرة, فبايعناه على أن لا نفرّ, ولم نبايعه على الموت, يعني النبيّ صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم. حدثنا ابن بشار وابن المثنى, قالا ثنا ابن أبي عديّ, عن سعيد, عن قتادة, عن سعيد بن المسيب, أنه قيل له: " إن جابر بن عبد الله يقول: إن أصحاب الشجرة كانوا ألفا وخمس مئة, قال سعيد: نسي جابر هو قال لي كانوا ألفا وأربع مئة ". حدثنا ابن حميد, قال: ثنا سلمة, قال: ثني محمد بن إسحاق, عن الأعمش, عن أبي سفيان, عن جابر قال: كنا أصحاب الحُديبية أربع عشرة مئة. * ذكر من قال: كان عدتهم ألفا وخمس مئة وخمسة وعشرين: حدثنا محمد بن سعد, قال: ثني أبي, قال: ثني عمي, قال: ثني أبي, عن أبيه, عن ابن عباس ( لَقَدْ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذْ يُبَايِعُونَكَ تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِ ) قال: كان أهل البيعة تحت الشجرة ألفا وخمس مئة وخمسة وعشرين. حدثني بشر, قال: ثنا يزيد, قال: ثنا سعيد, عن قتادة, قال: " الذين بايعوا رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم تحت الشجرة, فجعلت لهم مغانم خيبر كانوا يومئذ خمس عشرة مئة, وبايعوا على أن لا يفرّوا عنه ". * ذكر من قال: كانوا ألفا وثلاث مئة: حدثنا ابن المثنى, قال: ثنا أبو داود, قال: ثنا شعبة, عن عمرو بن مرّة, قال: سمعت عبد الله بن أبي أوفى يقول: " كانوا يوم الشجرة ألفا وثلاث مئة, وكانت أسلم يومئذ من المهاجرين ". وقوله ( فَعَلِمَ مَا فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ ) يقول تعالى ذكره: فعلم ربك يا محمد ما في قلوب المؤمنين من أصحابك إذ يبايعونك تحت الشجرة, من صدق النية, والوفاء بما يبايعونك عليه, والصبر معك ( فَأَنـزلَ السَّكِينَةَ عَلَيْهِمْ ) يقول: فأنـزل الطمأنينة, والثبات على ما هم عليه من دينهم وحُسن بصيرتهم بالحقّ الذي هداهم الله له. وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثنا بشر, قال: ثنا يزيد, قال: ثنا سعيد, عن قتادة, قوله ( فَعَلِمَ مَا فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ فَأَنـزلَ السَّكِينَةَ عَلَيْهِمْ ) : أي الصبر والوقار. وقوله ( وَأَثَابَهُمْ فَتْحًا قَرِيبًا ) يقول: وعوّضهم في العاجل مما رجوا الظفر به من غنائم أهل مكة بقتالهم أهلها فتحا قريبا, وذلك فيما قيل: فتح خيبر. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثنا ابن المثنى, قال: ثنا محمد بن جعفر, قال: ثنا شعبة, عن الحكم, عن ابن أبي ليلى ( وَأَثَابَهُمْ فَتْحًا قَرِيبًا ) قال: خيبر. حدثنا بشر, قال: ثنا يزيد, قال: ثنا سعيد, عن قتادة ( وَأَثَابَهُمْ فَتْحًا قَرِيبًا ) وهي خيبر. حدثنا ابن عبد الأعلى, قال: ثنا ابن ثور, عن معمر, عن قتادة, قوله ( وَأَثَابَهُمْ فَتْحًا قَرِيبًا ) قال: بلغني أنها خيبر.