Tafseer of The Women · An-Nisaa · 4:26
Allah wants to make clear to you [the lawful from the unlawful] and guide you to the [good] practices of those before you and to accept your repentance. And Allah is Knowing and Wise.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The discourse on the interpretation of His statement: يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ لِيُبَيِّنَ لَكُمْ وَيَهْدِيَكُمْ سُنَنَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ وَيَتُوبَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ (Allah wishes to make it clear to you, and to guide you to the practices of those who were before you, and to turn to you in forgiveness; and Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise) (4:26).
Abū Jaʿfar said: He, exalted is His praise, means by His statement: "Allah wishes to make it clear to you" — namely, what He has made lawful and what He has made forbidden — "and to guide you to the practices (sunan) of those who were before you" — he says: and to set you upon the right path [toward] "the practices of those who were before you," that is to say: the ways of those who were before you among the people who believed in Allah and His prophets, and their methods regarding that which He has forbidden you, such as marriage to mothers, daughters, sisters, and all the rest that He has forbidden you in the two verses in which He clarified what is forbidden concerning women — "and to turn to you in forgiveness" — he says: Allah wishes to bring you back, in that matter, to His obedience, after that disobedience toward Him in which you were engaged by doing that before Islam, and before He revealed to His Prophet what He revealed concerning it — "to you" — so that, through your repentance, He might remit for you what had occurred from you of the reprehensible therein, before your turning back and your repentance — "and Allah is All-Knowing" — he says: and Allah possesses knowledge of what is beneficial for His servants in their religion and their worldly life and the rest of their affairs, and of what they do and refrain from of what He has made lawful or forbidden for them, and He preserves all of this for them — "All-Wise" in His disposing of them, in the manner by which He guides them in that wherein He guides them.
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The linguists differed concerning the meaning of His statement: "Allah wishes to make it clear to you (li-yubayyina lakum)."
Some of them said: The meaning of it is: Allah wishes this so that He may make it clear to you. And he said: This is like His saying: وَأُمِرْتُ لأَعْدِلَ بَيْنَكُمُ (And I have been commanded to judge justly between you) [Surat al-Shūrā: 15] with a kasra on the "lām," because the meaning of it is: I have been commanded this for that reason.
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Others said: The meaning of it is: Allah wishes to make it clear to you and to guide you to the practices of those who were before you. And they said: It is the custom of the Arabs to alternate between "kay" and the "lām of kay" and "an," and to place each of them in the place of each of the others, together with "I wished (aradtu)" and "I was commanded (umirtu)." Thus they say: "I commanded you that you go (an tadhhaba), and so that you go (li-tadhhaba)," and "I wished that you go (an tadhhaba) and so that you go (li-tadhhaba)," just as Allah, exalted is His praise, said: وَأُمِرْنَا لِنُسْلِمَ لِرَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ (And we have been commanded to submit to the Lord of the worlds) [Surat al-Anʿām: 71], and in another place He said: قُلْ إِنِّي أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أَكُونَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ (Say: I have been commanded to be the first who submits) [Surat al-Anʿām: 14], and as He said: يُرِيدُونَ لِيُطْفِئُوا نُورَ اللَّهِ (They wish to extinguish the light of Allah) [Surat al-Ṣaff: 8], and then He said in another place: يُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يُطْفِئُوا (They wish to extinguish) [Surat al-Tawba: 32]. And they relied, in their application of "an" with "I was commanded" and "I wished" in the meaning of "kay," and the application of "kay" with these in the meaning of "an," upon the fact that "I wished" and "I was commanded" call for the future tense, and that the past does not suit them — one does not say: "I commanded you that you stood (an qumta)," nor "I wished that you stood (an qumta)." They said: Since "an" can occur with the past with something other than "I wished" and "I was commanded," they strengthened thereby the meaning of the future tense with that with which a past verb can in no case occur, namely "kay" and the "lām" that has the meaning of "kay." They said: And thus the Arabs have at times used them together in a single phrase, as one of them said in the conjoining:
"You wished, so that (li-kaymā an) you might fly off with my waterskin, to leave it as a worn-out rag in a deserted wasteland."
Thus he joined them together, because of the agreement of their meanings and the difference of their wordings, as another said:
"At times the coarse, rough man acquires wealth without (bi-ghayr) any (lā) toil and without avarice for money."
Thus he joined "ghayr" and "lā" together, to strengthen the negation. They said: It is only permissible to put "an" in the place of "kay," and "kay" in the place of "an," in those cases in which the word it introduces is not accompanied by a past verb or anything other than the future tense. But as for that which is accompanied by a past verb or something other than the future tense — therein that is not permissible. According to them it is not permissible to say: "I supposed so that he might stand (li-yaqūma)," nor "I suppose so that he might stand (li-yaqūma)" in the meaning of: I suppose that he stands (an yaqūma) — because [the "an"] that is used with "supposing" (al-ẓann) can go together with the past of the verb; one says: "I suppose that Zayd has indeed already stood (an qad qāma Zayd)," and with the future tense, and with the nouns.
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Abū Jaʿfar said: And the correct of the two views therein, in my opinion, is the view of him who said: that the "lām" in His statement: "Allah wishes to make it clear to you (li-yubayyina lakum)" has the meaning of: Allah wishes to make it clear to you (an yubayyina lakum), because of the ground that I have mentioned from him who said that it is so.
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