Tafseer of The Women · An-Nisaa · 4:137
Indeed, those who have believed then disbelieved, then believed, then disbelieved, and then increased in disbelief - never will Allah forgive them, nor will He guide them to a way.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The explanation of His word: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا ثُمَّ كَفَرُوا ثُمَّ آمَنُوا ثُمَّ كَفَرُوا ثُمَّ ازْدَادُوا كُفْرًا لَمْ يَكُنِ اللَّهُ لِيَغْفِرَ لَهُمْ وَلا لِيَهْدِيَهُمْ سَبِيلا (4:137) (Indeed, those who believed, then disbelieved, then believed, then disbelieved, and then increased in disbelief (kufr) — Allah will not forgive them, nor will He guide them to a way.)
Abū Jaʿfar said: The exegetes of the Scripture have differed concerning the explanation of this.
Some of them said: its explanation is: indeed, those who believed in Moses, then became disbelievers (kāfir) toward him, then — by this the Christians are meant — believed in Jesus, then became disbelievers toward him, then increased in disbelief (kufr) toward Muhammad — "Allah will not forgive them, nor will He guide them to a way."
* Mention of who said that:
10697 — Bishr ibn Muʿādh related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word: "Indeed, those who believed, then disbelieved, then believed, then disbelieved, and then increased in disbelief" — these are the Jews and the Christians. The Jews believed in the Torah and then disbelieved, and the Christians believed in the Gospel and then disbelieved. And their disbelief in it is that they abandoned it. Then they increased in disbelief toward the Furqān and toward Muhammad ﷺ. Then Allah said: "Allah will not forgive them, nor will He guide them to a way," He says: Allah will not forgive them, nor will He guide them to the way of right guidance, since they have become disbelievers toward the Book of Allah and toward His messenger Muhammad ﷺ.
10698 — al-Ḥasan ibn Yaḥyā related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word: "Indeed, those who believed, then disbelieved" — he said: these are the Jews; they believed in the Torah and then disbelieved. Then he mentioned the Christians, then he said: "then they believed, then they disbelieved and then they increased in disbelief" — he says: they believed in the Gospel, then disbelieved in it, and then increased in disbelief toward Muhammad ﷺ.
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Others said: no, by this are meant the people of hypocrisy (nifāq); they believed, then apostatized (irtaddū), then believed, then apostatized, then increased in disbelief by dying in disbelief.
* Mention of who said that:
10699 — al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His word: "Indeed, those who believed, then disbelieved, then believed, then disbelieved, and then increased in disbelief" — he said: we used to consider them to be the hypocrites (munāfiqīn), and included in this is everyone who is like them — "then they increased in disbelief" — he said: they persisted in their disbelief until they died.
10700 — Muḥammad ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid: "then they increased in disbelief" — he said: they died.
10701 — Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His word: "then they increased in disbelief" — he said: until they died.
10702 — Yūnus related to us, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His word: "Indeed, those who believed, then disbelieved" — the verse — he said: these are the hypocrites (munāfiqūn); they believed twice and disbelieved twice, and then thereafter increased in disbelief.
* * *
Others said: no, they are the people of the two Books, the Torah and the Gospel; they committed sins in their disbelief and then showed repentance, but the repentance for it was not accepted from them, since they persisted in their disbelief.
* * *
* Mention of who said that:
10703 — Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: Abū Khālid related to us, on the authority of Dāwūd ibn Abī Hind, on the authority of Abī al-ʿĀliya: "Indeed, those who believed, then disbelieved, then believed, then disbelieved, and then increased in disbelief" — he said: they are the Jews and the Christians; they committed sins in their polytheism (shirk) and then showed repentance, but their repentance was not accepted. And had they repented of the polytheism, it would have been accepted from them.
* * *
Abū Jaʿfar said: And the most fitting of these statements regarding the explanation of the verse is the statement of the one who said that by it are meant the People of the Book, who acknowledged the ruling of the Torah, then denied it by turning away from it; then whoever among them acknowledged Jesus and the Gospel acknowledged it, then denied that by turning away from it; then he denied Muhammad ﷺ and the Furqān, and so by his denial of it he increased in disbelief above his disbelief.
And we have said that this is the most correct regarding the explanation of this verse only because the verse that precedes it deals with the account of the people of the two Books — I mean His word: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا آمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ("O you who believe, believe in Allah and His messenger") — and there is no indication that points to His word "Indeed, those who believed, then disbelieved" being, in meaning, disconnected from the meaning of what precedes it. Connecting it to what precedes it is therefore the most fitting, until there comes an indication that points to its being disconnected from that.
* * *
As for His word: "Allah will not forgive them" — by it He means: Allah will not cover their disbelief and their sins for them by remitting the punishment for it, but He will disgrace them before the witnesses — "nor will He guide them to a way," He says: and He will not guide them to reaching the way of the truth nor enable them for it, but He will forsake them in regard to it, as a punishment for them on account of their great crime and their insolence toward their Lord.
* * *
Now some people are of the view that the apostate (murtadd) is called to repentance three times, and they derive that from this verse; others do not agree with them in that.
Mention of who said: he is called to repentance three times.
10704 — Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: Ḥafṣ related to us, on the authority of Ashʿath, on the authority of al-Shaʿbī, on the authority of ʿAlī, peace be upon him, he said: Indeed, I used to call the apostate (murtadd) to repentance three times. Then he recited this verse: "Indeed, those who believed, then disbelieved, then believed, then disbelieved."
10705 — Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: my father related to us, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of Jābir, on the authority of ʿĀmir, on the authority of ʿAlī, may Allah be pleased with him: the apostate is called to repentance three times. Then he recited: "Indeed, those who believed, then disbelieved, then believed, then disbelieved, and then increased in disbelief."
10706 — Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: my father related to us, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of ʿAbd al-Karīm, on the authority of a man, on the authority of Ibn ʿUmar, he said: the apostate is called to repentance three times.
* * *
Others said: he is called to repentance every time he apostatizes.
* Mention of who said that:
10707 — Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: my father related to us, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of ʿAmr ibn Qays, on the authority of someone who heard Ibrāhīm, he said: the apostate is called to repentance every time he apostatizes.
* * *
Abū Jaʿfar said: And in the establishment of the proof that the apostate (murtadd) is called to repentance the first time lies the clear proof that the ruling concerning every time he apostatizes from Islam is the same as the ruling concerning the first time, namely that his repentance is accepted and that his Islam protects his blood. For the ground that protected his blood the first time was his Islam; and it is not permissible that the ground on the basis of which his blood was protected in the first state be present, and that his blood then, despite the presence of it, may nonetheless be shed — unless a distinction is made between the ruling concerning the first time and all the remaining times by something to which one must submit on the basis of an established foundational text; in that case it falls outside the ruling of analogy (qiyās).