Tabari

Tafseer of The Women · An-Nisaa · 4:136

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ ءَامِنُوا۟ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ وَٱلْكِتَٰبِ ٱلَّذِى نَزَّلَ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِۦ وَٱلْكِتَٰبِ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَنزَلَ مِن قَبْلُ ۚ وَمَن يَكْفُرْ بِٱللَّهِ وَمَلَٰٓئِكَتِهِۦ وَكُتُبِهِۦ وَرُسُلِهِۦ وَٱلْيَوْمِ ٱلْءَاخِرِ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ ضَلَٰلًۢا بَعِيدًا

O you who have believed, believe in Allah and His Messenger and the Book that He sent down upon His Messenger and the Scripture which He sent down before. And whoever disbelieves in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, and the Last Day has certainly gone far astray.

Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.

Tabari (1 passage)

  1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

    The explanation of His word: O you who believe, believe in Allah and His Messenger and the Book which He sent down upon His Messenger and the Book which He sent down before. And whoever disbelieves in Allah, His angels, His Books, His messengers, and the Last Day has certainly gone far astray in error (136).

    Abū Jaʿfar said: He, exalted is His praise, means by this: O you who believe in the prophets and messengers before Muḥammad, and who gave credence to what they brought them from Allah, believe in Allah and His Messenger. He says: believe in Allah and in Muḥammad, His Messenger, that he is a messenger of Allah, sent to you and to all the communities before you. and the Book which He sent down upon His Messenger. He says: and believe in what Muḥammad has brought you of the Book which Allah sent down upon him, and that is the Qurʾān. and the Book which He sent down before. He says: and believe in the Book which Allah sent down before the Book which He sent down upon Muḥammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and those are the Torah and the Gospel.

    * * *

    If someone were to say: What is the meaning of calling these people to believe in Allah, His Messenger, and His Books, while He has already called them "believers"?

    Then it is said: He, exalted is His praise, did not call them "believers," but rather described them only as those who "believed," and that is a description of them with a specific form of affirmation of faith. That is because they were two groups: the people of the Torah, who affirmed it and the one who brought it, but denied the Gospel, the Qurʾān, ʿĪsā, and Muḥammad—the blessings of Allah be upon both of them—and a group of the people of the Gospel, who affirmed it, as well as the Torah and the rest of the Books, but denied Muḥammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and the Furqān. So He, exalted is His praise, said to them: O you who believe—that is: in the Books and messengers in which they believed—believe in Allah and His Messenger Muḥammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and the Book which He sent down upon His Messenger, for you already know that Muḥammad is the Messenger of Allah; you find his description in your Books. And [believe] in the Book which He sent down before, in which you claim that you believe, for you will not truly believe in it so long as you deny Muḥammad, because your Book commands you to affirm him and what he has brought you. So believe in your Book by following Muḥammad, and otherwise you are disbelievers in it. This, then, is the meaning of His command to them to believe in that which He commanded them to believe, after He had described them with what He said about them: O you who believe.

    * * *

    As for His word: And whoever disbelieves in Allah, His angels, His Books, His messengers, and the Last Day, its meaning is: and whoever disbelieves in Muḥammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and thus denies his prophethood, has certainly gone far astray in error.

    He, exalted is His mention, said only: And whoever disbelieves in Allah, His angels, His Books, His messengers, and the Last Day, while the meaning is: and whoever disbelieves in Muḥammad and in what he has brought from Allah—because denying any part of it is equivalent to denying the whole of it, and because the faith of no creature is valid except through faith in everything in which Allah commanded him to believe; and disbelief in any part of it is disbelief in the whole of it. Therefore He said: And whoever disbelieves in Allah, His angels, His Books, His messengers, and the Last Day, immediately after His addressing the People of the Book and His command to them to believe in Muḥammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, as a threat from Him to them, while they acknowledge the oneness of Allah, the angels, the Books, the messengers, and the Last Day, with the exception of Muḥammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and what he has brought of the Furqān.

    * * *

    As for His word: has certainly gone far astray in error, that means: he has deviated from the straight path and strayed from the main road, toward the places of destruction—a far straying and deviation. For the disbelief of whoever disbelieves in that is a departure from the religion of Allah which He has prescribed for His servants. And departure from the religion of Allah is the destruction in which there is perdition, and straying from guidance is error.

    Show original Arabic
    القول في تأويل قوله : يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا آمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَالْكِتَابِ الَّذِي نَزَّلَ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ وَالْكِتَابِ الَّذِي أَنْزَلَ مِنْ قَبْلُ وَمَنْ يَكْفُرْ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلائِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ ضَلالا بَعِيدًا (136) قال أبو جعفر: يعني بذلك جل ثناؤه: " يا أيها الذين آمنوا "، بمن قبل محمد من الأنبياء والرسل، وصدَّقوا بما جاؤوهم به من عند الله="آمِنوا بالله ورسوله "، يقول: صدّقوا بالله وبمحمد رسوله، أنه لله رسولٌ، مرسل إليكم وإلى سائر الأمم قبلكم=" والكتاب الذي نـزل على رسوله "، يقول: وصدّقوا بما جاءكم به محمد من الكتاب الذي نـزله الله عليه، وذلك القرآن=" والكتاب الذي أنـزل من قبل "، يقول: وآمنوا بالكتاب الذي أنـزل الله من قبل الكتاب الذي نـزله على محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم، وهو التوراة والإنجيل. * * * فإن قال قائل: وما وجه دعاء هؤلاء إلى الإيمان بالله ورسوله وكتبه، وقد سماهم " مؤمنين "؟ قيل: إنه جل ثناؤه لم يسمِّهم " مؤمنين "، وإنما وصفهم بأنهم "آمنوا "، وذلك وصف لهم بخصوصٍ من التصديق. وذلك أنهم كانوا صنفين: أهل توراة مصدّقين &; 9-313 &; بها وبمن جاء بها، وهم مكذبون بالإنجيل والقرآن وعيسى ومحمد صلوات الله عليهما= وصنف أهل إنجيل، وهم مصدّقون به وبالتوراة وسائر الكتب، مكذِّبون بمحمد صلى الله عليه وسلم والفرقان، فقال جل ثناؤه لهم: " يا أيها الذين آمنوا "، يعني: بما هم به مؤمنون من الكتب والرسل= "آمنوا بالله ورسوله " محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم= " والكتاب الذي نـزل على رسوله "، فإنكم قد علمتم أن محمدًا رسول الله، تجدون صفته في كتبكم= وبالكتاب الذي أنـزل من قبلُ الذي تزعمون أنكم به مؤمنون، فإنكم لن تكونوا به مؤمنين وأنتم بمحمد مكذبون، لأن كتابكم يأمركم بالتصديق به وبما جاءكم به، فآمنوا بكتابكم في اتّباعكم محمدًا، وإلا فأنتم به كافرون. فهذا وجه أمرهم بالإيمان بما أمرهم بالإيمان به، بعد أن وصفهم بما وصفهم بقوله: " يا أيها الذين آمنوا ". (33) * * * وأما قوله: " ومن يكفر بالله وملائكته وكتبه ورسله واليوم الآخر "، فإن معناه: ومن يكفر بمحمد صلى الله عليه وسلم فيجحد نبوّته فقد ضلَّ ضلالا بعيدًا. وإنما قال تعالى ذكره: " ومن يكفر بالله وملائكته وكتبه ورسله واليوم الآخر "، ومعناه: ومن يكفر بمحمد وبما جاء به من عند الله (34) = لأن جحود شيء من ذلك بمعنى جحود جميعه، ولأنه لا يصح إيمان أحدٍ من الخلق إلا بالإيمان بما أمره الله بالإيمان به، (35) والكفر بشيء منه كفر بجميعه، فلذلك قال: " ومن يكفر بالله وملائكته وكتبه ورسله واليوم الآخر "، بعقب خطابه أهل الكتاب وأمره إياهم بالإيمان بمحمد صلى الله عليه وسلم، تهديدًا منه لهم، وهم مقرّون بوحدانية الله والملائكة والكتب والرسل واليوم الآخر، سِوى محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم وما جاء به من الفرقان. * * * وأما قوله: " فقد ضل ضلالا بعيدًا "، فإنه يعني: فقد ذهب عن قصد السبيل، وجار عن محجَّة الطريق، إلى المهالك= ذهابًا وجورًا بعيدًا. لأن كفر من كفر بذلك، خروجٌ منه عن دين الله الذي شرعه لعباده. والخروج عن دين الله، الهلاك الذي فيه البوار، والضلال عن الهدى هو الضلال. (36) ------------------ الهوامش : (33) كان ينبغي أن يذكر أبو جعفر هنا ، اختلاف المختلفين في قراءة"أَنْزَلَ" و"أُنْزِلَ"= و"نَزَّلّ" و"نُزِّلَ" ، وظاهر أنه نسي أن يذكرها هنا ، فأخرها إلى موضع الآتي في ص: 323 ، تعليق: 1. (34) كان في المطبوعة: "ومن يكفر بمحمد صلى الله عليه وسلم فيجحد نبوته ، فهو يكفر بالله وملائكته وكتبه ورسله واليوم الآخر ، لأن جحود شيء من ذلك ..." ، أسقط من نص المخطوطة ما أثبت ، لأنه قد وقع في المخطوطة خطأ اضطرب معه الكلام ، فلم يحسن الناشر تصحيحه ، فحذف حتى يصل بعض الكلام ببعض ، فأساء غاية الإساءة. والخطأ الذي كان في المخطوطة هو أنه ساق الجملة كما كتبتها ، إلا أن كتب: "وإنما قال تعالى ذكره: ومن يكفر بالله فهو يكفر بالله وملائكته وكتبه ورسله" وبين أن"فهو يكفر" سبق قلم من الناسخ ، والصواب إسقاطها فيستقيم الكلام كما أثبته. وسياق الجملة: "وإنما قال تعالى ذكره كذا وكذا ... ومعناه ... كذا وكذا ، لأن جحود شيء من ذلك بمعنى جحود جميعه". (35) لما أدخل الناشر الأول ذلك الحذف على الكلام ، اضطر في هذا الموضع أن يجعل العبارة: "وذلك لأنه لا يصح إيمان أحد من الخلق ..." فزاد"ذلك" في الكلام. (36) انظر تفسير"الضلال البعيد" فيما سلف ص: 206 ، 207 ومعنى"الضلال" 1 : 195 / 2 : 495 ، 496 ، وغيرهما في فهارس اللغة.