Tafseer of The Romans · Ar-Room · 30:24
And of His signs is [that] He shows you the lightning [causing] fear and aspiration, and He sends down rain from the sky by which He brings to life the earth after its lifelessness. Indeed in that are signs for a people who use reason.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The explanation of the saying of the Exalted: وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ يُرِيكُمُ الْبَرْقَ خَوْفًا وَطَمَعًا وَيُنَزِّلُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً فَيُحْيِي بِهِ الأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لآيَاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ (24) (And among His signs is that He shows you the lightning, [causing] fear and hope, and that He sends down water from the sky, by which He gives life to the earth after its death; truly, in that are signs for a people who understand. (30:24))
The Exalted, whose remembrance is lofty, says: And among His proofs is that يُرِيكُمُ الْبَرْقَ خَوْفًا (He shows you the lightning, [causing] fear) for you when you are travelling, that you may be rained upon and thereby suffer harm, وَطَمَعًا (and hope) for you when you are residing, that you may be rained upon and so live and know fertility. وَيُنَزِّلُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً, he says: and He sends down rain from the sky, and with that water He gives life to the dead earth; it produces and its vegetation comes forth after its death — that is, after its barrenness and dryness. إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لآيَاتٍ, he says: truly, in His acting thus there are surely lessons and proofs لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ (for a people who understand) — who understand from Allah His proofs and His indications.
And in accordance with what we have said concerning the meaning of His saying يُرِيكُمُ الْبَرْقَ خَوْفًا وَطَمَعًا, the exegetes spoke.
* Mention of who said that:
Bishr related to us; he said: Yazīd related to us; he said: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His saying: وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ يُرِيكُمُ الْبَرْقَ خَوْفًا وَطَمَعًا — he said: fear for the traveller, and hope for the one who resides.
The linguists differed concerning the reason for the omission of "an" (أن) in His saying يُرِيكُمُ الْبَرْقَ خَوْفًا وَطَمَعًا. Some of the grammarians of Basra said: "an" is not mentioned here, because this in itself indicates the meaning. And the poet said:
"O you who reproach me for attending the battle (aḥḍura l-waghā), and for being present at the pleasures — can you then make me immortal?"
He said: and he (another) said:
"Were I to say what is in her people, you would commit no sin; she surpasses them in nobility and in beauty."
He said: he means: there is none in her people (who equals her). And some of the grammarians of Kufa said: when you express "an," then it stands in the nominative position, just as He said: وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ خَلْقُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأَرْضِ (and among His signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth) — وَمَنَامُكُمْ (and your sleep). And when you omit it, you make مِنْ (min) bear a deleted noun, with the verb becoming a relative clause (ṣila), as in the saying of the poet:
"And time is nothing but two periods; of those two I die in the one, and in the other I seek life, toiling."
It is as though he meant: of those two there is an hour in which I die, and an hour in which I live. So likewise: وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ يُرِيكُمُ (and among His signs is that He shows you) — a sign of the lightning, and a sign of such and such. And if you wish, you mean: and He shows you among His signs the lightning; then you posit no "an" nor anything else.
And some of those who rejected the saying of the Basran said: it is fitting only that "an" be omitted in the place that indicates its omission; but in every place — no. As for "aḥḍura l-waghā" (that I attend the battle): because "I forbade you that you stand" (zajartuka an taqūma) and "I forbade you so that you stand" (zajartuka li-an taqūma) point to the future, the omission of "an" was permitted, for the place is known and does not occur in all expressions. As for His saying: "and among His signs is that you are standing" (annaka qāʾimun), and "that you stand" (annaka taqūmu), and "that you stand" (an taqūma) — in this place it is not omitted, because it does not point to a single matter.
And the correct view concerning that is that مِنْ (min) in His saying وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ (and among His signs) points to the deleted word, and that is because it has the meaning of partitivity (tabʿīḍ). And when it is thus, it is known that it requires a part; therefore the Arabs omit the noun in such a case, on account of its indication of it.