Tafseer of The Family of Imraan · Aal-i-Imraan · 3:72
And a faction of the People of the Scripture say [to each other], "Believe in that which was revealed to the believers at the beginning of the day and reject it at its end that perhaps they will abandon their religion,
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The discourse on the explanation of His statement — exalted is His praise: وَقَالَتْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ آمِنُوا بِالَّذِي أُنْزِلَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَجْهَ النَّهَارِ وَاكْفُرُوا آخِرَهُ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ (3:72) ("And a group of the People of the Book said: Believe at the beginning of the day in what has been sent down to the believers, and reject it at the end of it, that perhaps they may turn back.")
Abū Jaʿfar said: The people of interpretation differed concerning the nature of the meaning to which this group was urging those whom it urged: belief at the beginning of the day and disbelief at the end of it.
Some of them said: this was a command from them to them to outwardly affirm the Prophet — may Allah bless him and grant him peace — in his prophethood and in what he had brought from Allah, and that it was true — without their affirming that with firm conviction and with the conviction of the heart — and then to reject him and deny all of that at the end of it.
Mention of those who said that:
7231 - Al-Ḥasan ibn Yaḥyā related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His statement "Believe at the beginning of the day in what has been sent down to the believers, and reject it at the end of it": they said to one another: show them at the beginning of the day agreement with their religion and reject it at the end of it, for that is more apt to convince them that you believe, and so that they may suppose that you have found among them something that you disapprove of; that is more apt to make them turn back from their religion.
7232 - Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: Muʿallā ibn Asad related to us, saying: Khālid related to us, on the authority of Ḥuṣayn, on the authority of Abū Mālik, concerning His statement "Believe at the beginning of the day in what has been sent down to the believers, and reject it at the end of it", he said: the Jews said: believe with them at the beginning of the day and reject it at the end of it, that perhaps they may turn back with you.
7233 - Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Aḥmad ibn al-Mufaḍḍal related to us, saying: Asbāṭ related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī: "And a group of the People of the Book said: Believe at the beginning of the day in what has been sent down to the believers, and reject it at the end of it, that perhaps they may turn back". The rabbis of the villages of ʿArabiyya were twelve rabbis, and they said to some of them: enter at the beginning of the day into the religion of Muḥammad and say: "we testify that Muḥammad is true and truthful", and when the end of the day arrives, reject him and say: "we have returned to our scholars and rabbis and questioned them, and they have informed us that Muḥammad is a liar and that you stand upon nothing, and we have returned to our religion, for it pleases us more than your religion" — that perhaps they may come to doubt and say: these were with us at the beginning of the day, what then is the matter with them? Thus Allah, Mighty and Exalted, informed His Messenger — may Allah bless him and grant him peace — of that.
7234 - It was related to me on the authority of ʿAmmār, saying: Ibn Abī Jaʿfar related to us, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ḥuṣayn, on the authority of Abū Mālik al-Ghifārī, he said: the Jews said to one another: become Muslim at the beginning of the day and apostatize at the end of it, that perhaps they may turn back. Then Allah disclosed their secret, and Allah, Mighty and Exalted, sent down: "And a group of the People of the Book said: Believe at the beginning of the day in what has been sent down to the believers, and reject it at the end of it, that perhaps they may turn back".
* * *
Others said: no, that to which it urged of belief was the prayer (ṣalāh): attending it with them at the beginning of the day and abandoning it at the end of it.
Mention of those who said that:
7235 - Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning the statement of Allah, Mighty and Exalted: "Believe at the beginning of the day in what has been sent down to the believers". The Jews said this. They performed the morning prayer with Muḥammad and rejected at the end of the day, as a ruse on their part, to show the people that its error had become clear to them, after they had followed him.
7236 - Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: Abū Ḥudhayfa related to us, saying: Shibl related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, something similar.
7237 - Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His statement: "And a group of the People of the Book said: Believe at the beginning of the day in what has been sent down to the believers", the āyah. And that was because a group of Jews said: when you meet the Companions of Muḥammad — may Allah bless him and grant him peace — at the beginning of the day, believe; and when the end of it arrives, perform your prayer, that perhaps they may say: these are People of the Book and they know more than we do! Perhaps then they will turn away from their religion. And believe only in favor of whoever follows your religion.
* * *
Abū Jaʿfar said: The explanation of the words is then: "And a group of the People of the Book said", that is: of the Jews who read the Torah, "Believe" — affirm — "in what has been sent down to the believers", and that is what Muḥammad — may Allah bless him and grant him peace — brought them of the true religion, its laws (sharāʾiʿ), and its transmitted practices (sunan), "at the beginning of the day", that is: the first part of the day.
* * *
He called its first part its "face" (wajh), because it is the fairest part of it and the first that comes before the beholder and that he sees of it, just as one says of the beginning of a garment: its "face", and as Rabīʿ ibn Ziyād said:
"Whoever rejoices at the killing of Mālik, let him then come to our women at the face of the day (early in the day)."
* * *
In the sense of what we have said about this, a group of the people of interpretation spoke.
Mention of those who said that:
7238 - Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His statement: "the face of the day": the beginning of the day.
7239 - Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: Isḥāq related to us, saying: Ibn Abī Jaʿfar related to us, on the authority of his father, on the authority of al-Rabīʿ: "the face of the day": the beginning of the day; "and reject it at the end of it", he says: the end of the day.
7240 - Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to us, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid: (Believe at the beginning of the day in what has been sent down to the believers, and reject it at the end of it), he said: perform the morning prayer with them and do not perform with them the prayer at the end of the day, that perhaps you may thereby make them waver.
* * *
As for His statement "and reject it at the end of it": He means thereby that they said: deny at the end of the day what you affirmed at the beginning of the day of their religion; "that perhaps they may turn back": He means thereby: that perhaps they may, along with you, turn back from their religion and abandon it, as:
7241 - Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda: "that perhaps they may turn back", he says: that perhaps they may abandon their religion and turn back to that upon which you stand.
7242 - Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: Isḥāq related to us, saying: Ibn Abī Jaʿfar related to us, on the authority of his father, on the authority of al-Rabīʿ, something similar.
7243 - Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās: "that perhaps they may turn back", that perhaps they may turn away from their religion.
7244 - Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn related to me, saying: Aḥmad ibn al-Mufaḍḍal related to us, saying: Asbāṭ related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī: "that perhaps they may turn back", that perhaps they may come to doubt.
7245 - Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His statement: "that perhaps they may turn back", he said: they turn back from their religion.