Tafseer of The Family of Imraan · Aal-i-Imraan · 3:65
O People of the Scripture, why do you argue about Abraham while the Torah and the Gospel were not revealed until after him? Then will you not reason?
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The discourse on the explanation of His saying: "O People of the Book, why do you dispute concerning Ibrāhīm, while the Torah and the Gospel were not sent down until after him? Do you not then understand?" (3:65)
Abū Jaʿfar said: He — exalted is His mention — means by His saying "O People of the Book," O people of the Torah and the Gospel, "why do you dispute," why do you argue, "concerning Ibrāhīm" and contend over him — that is: over Ibrāhīm, the intimate friend (khalīl) of the Most Merciful, the blessings of Allah be upon him.
Their dispute concerning him consisted in this: that each group of the people of these two Books claimed that he belonged to them and that he professed the religion of the adherents of their creed. Allah, Mighty and Exalted, rebuked them for their claim about that and pointed out the inner contradiction of their claim and assertion, and said: How can you claim that he adhered to your creed and religion, while your religion is either Judaism or Christianity? The Jew among you claims that his religion consists in observing the Torah and acting according to what is in it, and the Christian among you claims that his religion consists in observing the Gospel and what is in it. And these two Books were sent down only a considerable time after the passing and the death of Ibrāhīm. How then could he belong to you? What then is the basis of your dispute concerning him and your claim that he belongs to you, while the matter of it is as you yourselves know?
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And it has been said: This verse was sent down concerning the dispute between the Jews and the Christians over Ibrāhīm, and the claim of each group among them that he belonged to them.
The mention of who said that:
7202 - Abū Kurayb related to us, he said: Yūnus ibn Bukayr related to us, he said: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq related to me = and Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, he said: Salama related to us, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq = he said: Muḥammad ibn Abī Muḥammad, the freedman of Zayd ibn Thābit, related to me, he said: Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, or ʿIkrima, related to me, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: The Christians of Najrān and the rabbis of the Jews gathered before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and they disputed in his presence. The rabbis said: Ibrāhīm was nothing but a Jew! And the Christians said: Ibrāhīm was nothing but a Christian! Then Allah, Mighty and Exalted, sent down concerning them: "O People of the Book, why do you dispute concerning Ibrāhīm, while the Torah and the Gospel were not sent down until after him? Do you not then understand?" The Christians said: He was a Christian! And the Jews said: He was a Jew! Then Allah informed them that the Torah and the Gospel were sent down only after him, and that Judaism and Christianity arose only after him.
7203 - Bishr related to us, he said: Yazīd related to us, he said: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His saying: "O People of the Book, why do you dispute concerning Ibrāhīm" — he says: "Why do you dispute concerning Ibrāhīm" and claim that he was a Jew or a Christian, "while the Torah and the Gospel were not sent down until after him" — for Judaism came after the Torah, and Christianity came after the Gospel — "Do you not then understand?"
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And others said: Rather, this verse was sent down concerning the claim of the Jews that Ibrāhīm belonged to them.
The mention of who said that:
7204 - Bishr related to us, he said: Yazīd related to us, he said: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, who said: It has been transmitted to us that the Prophet of Allah ﷺ called the Jews of the inhabitants of Medina to the just word. They were the ones who disputed concerning Ibrāhīm and claimed that he had died as a Jew. Then Allah, Mighty and Exalted, declared them liars and cut them off from him, and said: "O People of the Book, why do you dispute concerning Ibrāhīm, while the Torah and the Gospel were not sent down until after him? Do you not then understand?"
7205 - Al-Muthannā related to me, he said: Isḥāq related to us, he said: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī Jaʿfar related to us, on the authority of his father, on the authority of al-Rabīʿ, something similar.
7206 - Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, he said: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, on the authority of ʿĪsā, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning the saying of Allah, Mighty and Exalted: "O People of the Book, why do you dispute concerning Ibrāhīm" — he said: The Jews and the Christians; Allah, Mighty and Exalted, absolved him of them when each community claimed that he belonged to them, and He joined to him the believers, whoever belonged to the people of the pristine primordial religion (al-ḥanīfiyya).
7207 - Al-Muthannā related to me, he said: Abū Ḥudhayfa related to us, he said: Shibl related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, something similar.
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As for His saying "Do you not then understand?", by it He means: "Do you not then understand?", do you not comprehend the error of your saying, namely that Ibrāhīm was a Jew or a Christian, while you know that Judaism and Christianity arose a considerable time after his passing?