Tafseer of The Family of Imraan · Aal-i-Imraan · 3:186
You will surely be tested in your possessions and in yourselves. And you will surely hear from those who were given the Scripture before you and from those who associate others with Allah much abuse. But if you are patient and fear Allah - indeed, that is of the matters [worthy] of determination.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The explanation of His word: لَتُبْلَوُنَّ فِي أَمْوَالِكُمْ وَأَنْفُسِكُمْ وَلَتَسْمَعُنَّ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ وَمِنَ الَّذِينَ أَشْرَكُوا أَذًى كَثِيرًا وَإِنْ تَصْبِرُوا وَتَتَّقُوا فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ مِنْ عَزْمِ الأُمُورِ (186) (You will surely be tested in your possessions and yourselves, and you will surely hear from those who were given the Book before you and from those who associated partners much hurtful harm; but if you are patient and God-fearing, then that belongs to the matters of firm resolve.) (3:186)
Abū Jaʿfar said: The Exalted means by His word "You will surely be tested in your possessions": you will surely be tested with calamity in your possessions. "And yourselves," that is: and through the perishing of the near kinsmen and the fellow tribesmen among those who support you and who belong to your religious community. "And you will surely hear from those who were given the Book before you," that is: from the Jews, and their saying: إِنَّ اللَّهَ فَقِيرٌ وَنَحْنُ أَغْنِيَاءُ (Indeed, Allah is poor and we are rich), and their saying: يَدُ اللَّهِ مَغْلُولَةٌ (The hand of Allah is fettered), and what resembles that of their fabrications about Allah. "And from those who associated partners," by this the Christians are meant. "Much hurtful harm" — and the hurtful harm of the Jews is what we have mentioned, and of the Christians their saying: الْمَسِيحُ ابْنُ اللَّهِ (The Messiah is the son of Allah), and what resembles that of their unbelief (kufr) toward Allah. "But if you are patient and God-fearing," He says: and if you are patient for the sake of the command of Allah which He has imposed upon you concerning them and others, namely obedience to Him. "And God-fearing," He says: and if you fear Allah in that which He has commanded you and forbidden you, so that you act therein according to His obedience. "Then that belongs to the matters of firm resolve," He says: that patience and that God-fearingness belong to that which Allah has firmly resolved upon and which He has commanded you.
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And it was said: that all of this was revealed concerning Finḥāṣ the Jew, the chief of the Banū Qaynuqāʿ, as in the following:
8316 - Al-Qāsim related to us, he said: Al-Ḥusayn related to us, he said: Ḥajjāj related to us, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, he said: ʿIkrima said concerning His word: "You will surely be tested in your possessions and yourselves, and you will surely hear from those who were given the Book before you and from those who associated partners much hurtful harm," he said: this verse was revealed concerning the Prophet ﷺ, and concerning Abū Bakr — may Allah be pleased with him — and concerning Finḥāṣ the Jew, the chief of the Banū Qaynuqāʿ. He said: the Prophet ﷺ sent Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq — may Allah have mercy on him — to Finḥāṣ to ask him for support, and he wrote him a letter, and he said to Abū Bakr: "Do not undertake anything on your own against me until you return." Abū Bakr came, girded with the sword, and gave him the letter. When he read it, he said: "Your Lord is in need that we should support Him!" Abū Bakr resolved to strike him with the sword, but then he remembered the saying of the Prophet ﷺ: "Do not undertake anything on your own against me until you return," and he restrained himself. And there was revealed: وَلا يَحْسَبَنَّ الَّذِينَ يَبْخَلُونَ بِمَا آتَاهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ هُوَ خَيْرًا لَهُمْ بَلْ هُوَ شَرٌّ لَهُمْ (And let not those who are miserly with what Allah has given them of His bounty think that this is good for them; nay, it is bad for them). And what lies between the two verses up to His word "You will surely be tested in your possessions and yourselves" — these verses were revealed concerning the Banū Qaynuqāʿ, up to His word: فَإِنْ كَذَّبُوكَ فَقَدْ كُذِّبَ رُسُلٌ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ (And if they deny you, then messengers before you were also denied). Ibn Jurayj said: He consoles His Prophet ﷺ; He said: "You will surely be tested in your possessions and yourselves," he said: Allah informed the believers that He would test them, so that He might see how their patience would be in their religion. Then He said: "And you will surely hear from those who were given the Book before you," that is: the Jews and the Christians. "And from those who associated partners much hurtful harm" — the Muslims heard from the Jews their saying: عُزَيْرٌ ابْنُ اللَّهِ (ʿUzayr is the son of Allah), and from the Christians: الْمَسِيحُ ابْنُ اللَّهِ (The Messiah is the son of Allah). The Muslims unleashed against them fighting (qitāl) when they heard their association of partners (shirk). Then Allah said: "But if you are patient and God-fearing, then that belongs to the matters of firm resolve," He says: to strength, belonging to that which Allah has firmly resolved upon and which He has commanded you.
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And others said: no, rather it was revealed concerning Kaʿb ibn al-Ashraf, and that because he reviled the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in lampoons and composed love-verses about the women of the Muslims.
* Mention of who said that:
8317 - Al-Ḥasan ibn Yaḥyā related to us, he said: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, he said: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of al-Zuhrī, concerning His word: "And you will surely hear from those who were given the Book before you and from those who associated partners much hurtful harm," he said: that is Kaʿb ibn al-Ashraf, and he incited the polytheists (mushrikīn) against the Prophet ﷺ and his companions in his poetry, and he reviled the Prophet ﷺ. Then five men of the Anṣār went to him, among them Muḥammad ibn Maslama, and a man called Abū ʿAbs. They came to him while he was staying in the gathering of his people at al-ʿAwālī. When he saw them, he was alarmed by them and mistrusted their coming, but they said: "We have come to you for a matter!" He said: "Let one of you draw near to me and tell me his matter." A man of them came to him and said: "We have come to you to sell you the coats of mail that we possess, in order to provide for our sustenance thereby." He said: "By Allah, if you do that, then you have indeed fallen into hardship since this man descended among you!" Then they agreed with him that they would come to him in the evening, when the people had settled down. They came to him and called him. His wife said: "These people have not come to you at this hour for anything good!" He said: "They have told me about their affair and matter."
Maʿmar said: Ayyūb informed me, on the authority of ʿIkrima: that he peered down at them and spoke with them, and said: "Will you give me your sons as a pledge?" — for they wished to sell him dates. He said: they said: "We are ashamed that our sons should be reviled, so that it would be said: 'This one is a pledge for one wasq, and that one is a pledge for two wasq'!" Then he said: "Will you give me your women as a pledge?" They said: "You are the most handsome of people, and we do not feel safe with you! What woman could refrain from you because of your beauty! But we will give you our weapons as a pledge, for you know of our need for the weapons today." He said: "Bring me your weapons, and take what you wish." They said: "Then come down to us, so that we may receive from you and you from us." Then he went down, but his wife clung to him and said: "Send to people like them from your own people, so that they may be with you." He said: "Even if they found me asleep, they would not wake me!" She said: "Then speak with them from above the house." But he refused her that, and descended to them while his scent wafted. They said: "What is this scent, O so-and-so?" He said: "This is the perfume of Umm-so-and-so!" — his wife. Then one of them drew near to him to sniff his scent, then he embraced him, and then said: "Kill the enemy of Allah!" Abū ʿAbs stabbed him in his side, and Muḥammad ibn Maslama overpowered him with the sword, and they killed him and then returned. The Jews became, in the morning, filled with dismay, and came to the Prophet ﷺ and said: "Our chief has been killed by surprise!" Then the Prophet ﷺ reminded them of his deeds, and of what he used to stir up against them, and how he incited to fighting (qitāl) against them and inflicted harm upon them. Then he called upon them to put in writing a peace treaty between him and them. He said: and that document was in the possession of ʿAlī — may Allah be pleased with him.
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