Tafseer of The Family of Imraan · Aal-i-Imraan · 3:143
And you had certainly wished for martyrdom before you encountered it, and you have [now] seen it [before you] while you were looking on.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The discourse on the explanation of His statement: وَلَقَدْ كُنْتُمْ تَمَنَّوْنَ الْمَوْتَ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَلْقَوْهُ فَقَدْ رَأَيْتُمُوهُ وَأَنْتُمْ تَنْظُرُونَ (143) (And you had certainly wished for death before you encountered it; now you have seen it while you were looking on) (143)
Abū Jaʿfar said: He — exalted be His praise — means by His statement "and you had certainly wished for death": and you had certainly wished, O company of the Companions of the Prophet ﷺ, = "for death", that is to say: for the causes of death, and that is: the fighting (qitāl) = "now you have seen it", that is to say: you have seen what you wished for — and the "hāʾ" in His statement "you have seen it" refers back to "death", and the meaning is: [the fighting] = "while you were looking on", that is to say: you have truly beheld it, before your eyes and in your gaze, that is to say: from close by.
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Some grammarians claimed that it is said "while you were looking on", by way of corroboration of the statement, as one says: "I saw him with my very eyes" and "I saw him with my own eyes, and I heard him with my own ears".
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Abū Jaʿfar said: It was said only "and you had certainly wished for death before you encountered it", because a group of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ — who had not been present at Badr — wished, before Uḥud, for a day like the day of Badr, so that they might show Allah the best of themselves and obtain a reward like that which the people of Badr had obtained. Then, when the day of Uḥud came, some of them fled, while others stood firm until they fulfilled what they had promised Allah before that time. Thereupon Allah rebuked those among them who had fled and said: "and you had certainly wished for death before you encountered it" — the entire āyah —, and He praised those among them who were steadfast and fulfilled their promise.
*Mention of the narrations concerning what we have stated:
7930 — Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, he said: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, he said: ʿĪsā related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning the statement of Allah: "and you had certainly wished for death before you encountered it; now you have seen it while you were looking on", he said: There remained men absent at Badr, and they wished for a day like the day of Badr to encounter it, so that they might obtain of the good and of the reward as the people of Badr had obtained. Then, when the day of Uḥud came, there turned back from among them whoever turned back, and thereupon Allah rebuked them = or: He reproached them, or: He charged them with a shortcoming = on account of that. (In this Abū ʿĀṣim is doubtful.)
7931 — Al-Muthannā related to me, he said: Abū Ḥudhayfa related to us, he said: Shibl related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, something similar — except that he said: "thereupon Allah rebuked them on account of that", and he did not doubt.
7932 — Bishr related to us, he said: Yazīd related to us, he said: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His statement: "and you had certainly wished for death before you encountered it; now you have seen it while you were looking on": They were people of the believers who had not been present on the day of Badr, nor at what Allah had given the people of Badr of excellence, honor, and reward, and they wished that a fighting might be granted them in which to fight. Then the fighting was driven toward them, until it took place in the environs of Medina on the day of Uḥud. Thereupon Allah, mighty and exalted is He, said, as you hear: "and you had certainly wished for death" — until He reached "the grateful".
7933 — Al-Ḥasan ibn Yaḥyā related to us, he said: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, he said: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His statement: "and you had certainly wished for death before you encountered it", he said: They wished to encounter the polytheists (mushrikīn) in order to fight them, but when they encountered them on the day of Uḥud, they turned back.
7934 — Al-Muthannā related to me, he said: Isḥāq related to us, he said: Ibn Abī Jaʿfar related to us, on the authority of his father, on the authority of al-Rabīʿ, he said: Truly, they were people of the believers who had not been present on the day of Badr, nor at what Allah had given them of excellence, and they wished to see a fighting in which to fight. Then the fighting was driven toward them, until it took place in the environs of Medina on the day of Uḥud. Thereupon Allah, mighty and exalted is He, sent down: "and you had certainly wished for death before you encountered it" — the āyah.
7935 — Muḥammad ibn Bashshār related to me, he said: Hawdha related to us, he said: ʿAwf related to us, on the authority of al-Ḥasan, he said: It reached me that men of the Companions of the Prophet ﷺ used to say: "If we encounter [the enemy] together with the Prophet ﷺ, we shall surely do this and that!" Thereupon they were tested with that, and — no, by Allah — not all of them were truthful toward Allah. Thereupon Allah, mighty and exalted is He, sent down: "and you had certainly wished for death before you encountered it; now you have seen it while you were looking on".
7936 — Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn related to us, he said: Aḥmad related to us, he said: Asbāṭ related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī: They were people of the Companions of the Prophet ﷺ who had not been present at Badr. When they saw the excellence of the people of Badr, they said: "O Allah, truly we ask You to show us a day like the day of Badr, on which we shall show You the best!" Thereupon they were shown Uḥud, and He said to them: "and you had certainly wished for death before you encountered it; now you have seen it while you were looking on".
7937 — Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, he said: Salama related to us, on the authority of Ibn Isḥāq: "and you had certainly wished for death before you encountered it; now you have seen it while you were looking on", that is to say: you had certainly wished for martyrdom for the truth upon which you stood, before you encountered your enemy = he means those who urged the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to his going out with them toward their enemy, because of what had escaped them of presence on the day that had been before that at Badr, out of desire for the martyrdom that had escaped them thereby. He says: "now you have seen it while you were looking on", that is to say: death by the swords in the hands of the men; He has made a wide path between you and them, while you were looking at them, and yet you turned away from them.