Tabari

Tafseer of The Family of Imraan · Aal-i-Imraan · 3:143

وَلَقَدْ كُنتُمْ تَمَنَّوْنَ ٱلْمَوْتَ مِن قَبْلِ أَن تَلْقَوْهُ فَقَدْ رَأَيْتُمُوهُ وَأَنتُمْ تَنظُرُونَ

And you had certainly wished for martyrdom before you encountered it, and you have [now] seen it [before you] while you were looking on.

Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.

Tabari (1 passage)

  1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

    The discourse on the explanation of His statement: وَلَقَدْ كُنْتُمْ تَمَنَّوْنَ الْمَوْتَ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَلْقَوْهُ فَقَدْ رَأَيْتُمُوهُ وَأَنْتُمْ تَنْظُرُونَ (143) (And you had certainly wished for death before you encountered it; now you have seen it while you were looking on) (143)

    Abū Jaʿfar said: He — exalted be His praise — means by His statement "and you had certainly wished for death": and you had certainly wished, O company of the Companions of the Prophet ﷺ, = "for death", that is to say: for the causes of death, and that is: the fighting (qitāl) = "now you have seen it", that is to say: you have seen what you wished for — and the "hāʾ" in His statement "you have seen it" refers back to "death", and the meaning is: [the fighting] = "while you were looking on", that is to say: you have truly beheld it, before your eyes and in your gaze, that is to say: from close by.

    * * *

    Some grammarians claimed that it is said "while you were looking on", by way of corroboration of the statement, as one says: "I saw him with my very eyes" and "I saw him with my own eyes, and I heard him with my own ears".

    * * *

    Abū Jaʿfar said: It was said only "and you had certainly wished for death before you encountered it", because a group of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ — who had not been present at Badr — wished, before Uḥud, for a day like the day of Badr, so that they might show Allah the best of themselves and obtain a reward like that which the people of Badr had obtained. Then, when the day of Uḥud came, some of them fled, while others stood firm until they fulfilled what they had promised Allah before that time. Thereupon Allah rebuked those among them who had fled and said: "and you had certainly wished for death before you encountered it" — the entire āyah —, and He praised those among them who were steadfast and fulfilled their promise.

    *Mention of the narrations concerning what we have stated:

    7930 — Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, he said: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, he said: ʿĪsā related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning the statement of Allah: "and you had certainly wished for death before you encountered it; now you have seen it while you were looking on", he said: There remained men absent at Badr, and they wished for a day like the day of Badr to encounter it, so that they might obtain of the good and of the reward as the people of Badr had obtained. Then, when the day of Uḥud came, there turned back from among them whoever turned back, and thereupon Allah rebuked them = or: He reproached them, or: He charged them with a shortcoming = on account of that. (In this Abū ʿĀṣim is doubtful.)

    7931 — Al-Muthannā related to me, he said: Abū Ḥudhayfa related to us, he said: Shibl related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, something similar — except that he said: "thereupon Allah rebuked them on account of that", and he did not doubt.

    7932 — Bishr related to us, he said: Yazīd related to us, he said: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His statement: "and you had certainly wished for death before you encountered it; now you have seen it while you were looking on": They were people of the believers who had not been present on the day of Badr, nor at what Allah had given the people of Badr of excellence, honor, and reward, and they wished that a fighting might be granted them in which to fight. Then the fighting was driven toward them, until it took place in the environs of Medina on the day of Uḥud. Thereupon Allah, mighty and exalted is He, said, as you hear: "and you had certainly wished for death" — until He reached "the grateful".

    7933 — Al-Ḥasan ibn Yaḥyā related to us, he said: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, he said: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His statement: "and you had certainly wished for death before you encountered it", he said: They wished to encounter the polytheists (mushrikīn) in order to fight them, but when they encountered them on the day of Uḥud, they turned back.

    7934 — Al-Muthannā related to me, he said: Isḥāq related to us, he said: Ibn Abī Jaʿfar related to us, on the authority of his father, on the authority of al-Rabīʿ, he said: Truly, they were people of the believers who had not been present on the day of Badr, nor at what Allah had given them of excellence, and they wished to see a fighting in which to fight. Then the fighting was driven toward them, until it took place in the environs of Medina on the day of Uḥud. Thereupon Allah, mighty and exalted is He, sent down: "and you had certainly wished for death before you encountered it" — the āyah.

    7935 — Muḥammad ibn Bashshār related to me, he said: Hawdha related to us, he said: ʿAwf related to us, on the authority of al-Ḥasan, he said: It reached me that men of the Companions of the Prophet ﷺ used to say: "If we encounter [the enemy] together with the Prophet ﷺ, we shall surely do this and that!" Thereupon they were tested with that, and — no, by Allah — not all of them were truthful toward Allah. Thereupon Allah, mighty and exalted is He, sent down: "and you had certainly wished for death before you encountered it; now you have seen it while you were looking on".

    7936 — Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn related to us, he said: Aḥmad related to us, he said: Asbāṭ related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī: They were people of the Companions of the Prophet ﷺ who had not been present at Badr. When they saw the excellence of the people of Badr, they said: "O Allah, truly we ask You to show us a day like the day of Badr, on which we shall show You the best!" Thereupon they were shown Uḥud, and He said to them: "and you had certainly wished for death before you encountered it; now you have seen it while you were looking on".

    7937 — Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, he said: Salama related to us, on the authority of Ibn Isḥāq: "and you had certainly wished for death before you encountered it; now you have seen it while you were looking on", that is to say: you had certainly wished for martyrdom for the truth upon which you stood, before you encountered your enemy = he means those who urged the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to his going out with them toward their enemy, because of what had escaped them of presence on the day that had been before that at Badr, out of desire for the martyrdom that had escaped them thereby. He says: "now you have seen it while you were looking on", that is to say: death by the swords in the hands of the men; He has made a wide path between you and them, while you were looking at them, and yet you turned away from them.

    Show original Arabic
    القول في تأويل قوله : وَلَقَدْ كُنْتُمْ تَمَنَّوْنَ الْمَوْتَ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَلْقَوْهُ فَقَدْ رَأَيْتُمُوهُ وَأَنْتُمْ تَنْظُرُونَ (143) قال أبو جعفر: يعني بقوله جل ثناؤه: " ولقد كنتم تمنون الموت "، ولقد كنتم، يا معشر أصحاب محمد =" تمنون الموت "، يعني أسبابَ الموت، وذلك: القتالُ =" فقد رأيتموه "، فقد رأيتم ما كنتم تمنونه - و " الهاء " في قوله " رأيتموه " عائدة على " الموت "، والمعنىُّ: [القتال] = (9) " وأنتم تنظرون "، يعني: قد رأيتموه بمرأى منكم ومنظر، أي بقرب منكم. * * * وكان بعض أهل العربية يزعم أنه قيل: " وأنتم تنظرون "، على وجه التوكيد للكلام، كما يقال: " رأيته عيانًا " و " رأيته بعيني، وسمعته بأذني". * * * قال أبو جعفر: وإنما قيل: " ولقد كنتم تمنون الموت من قبل أن تلقوه "، لأن قومًا من أصحاب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ممن لم يشهد بدرًا، كانوا يتمنون قبل أحد يومًا مثل يوم بدر، فيُبْلُوا الله من أنفسهم خيرًا، وينالوا من الأجر مثل ما نال أهل بدر. فلما كان يوم أحد فرّ بعضهم، وصبرَ بعضهم حتى أوفَى بما كان عاهد الله قبل ذلك، فعاتب الله من فرّ منهم فقال: " ولقد كنتم تمنون الموت من قبل أن تلقوه "، الآية، وأثنى على الصابرين منهم والموفين بعهدهم. *ذكر الأخبار بما ذكرنا من ذلك: 7930- حدثني محمد بن عمرو قال، حدثنا أبو عاصم قال، حدثنا عيسى، عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد في قول الله: " ولقد كنتم تمنون الموت من قبل أن تلقوه فقد رأيتموه وأنتم تنظرون "، قال: غاب رجال عن بدر، فكانوا يتمنون مثل يوم بدر أن يلقوه، فيصيبوا من الخير والأجر مثل ما أصابَ أهل بدر. فلما كان يوم أحد، ولَّى من ولىَّ منهم، فعاتبهم الله = أو: فعابهم، أو: فعيَّبهم = على ذلك. (10) شك أبو عاصم. 7931- حدثني المثني قال، حدثنا أبو حذيفة قال، حدثنا شبل، عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد نحوه - إلا أنه قال: " فعاتبهم الله على ذلك "، ولم يشكّ. 7932- حدثنا بشر قال، حدثنا يزيد قال، حدثنا سعيد، عن قتادة، قوله: " ولقد كنتم تمنون الموت من قبل أن تلقوه فقد رأيتموه وأنتم تنظرون "، أناسٌ من المؤمنين لم يشهدوا يوم بدر والذي أعطى الله أهل بدر من الفضل والشرف والأجر، فكان يتمنون أن يرزقوا قتالا فيقاتلوا، فسيق إليهم القتال حتى كان في ناحية المدينة يوم أحُد، فقال الله عز وجل كما تسمعون: " ولقد كنتم تمنون الموت "، حتى بلغ الشَّاكِرِينَ . 7933- حدثنا الحسن بن يحيى قال، أخبرنا عبد الرزاق قال، أخبرنا معمر، عن قتادة، قوله: " ولقد كنتم تمنون الموت من قبل أن تلقوه "، قال: كانوا يتمنون أن يلقوا المشركين فيقاتلوهم، فلما لقوهم يوم أحد ولّوا. 7934- حدثني المثني قال، حدثنا إسحاق قال، حدثنا ابن أبي جعفر، عن أبيه، عن الربيع قال: إن أناسًا من المؤمنين لم يشهدوا يوم بدر والذي أعطاهم الله من الفضل، فكانوا يتمنون أن يروا قتالا فيقاتلوا، فسيق إليهم القتال حتى كان بناحية المدينة يوم أحد، فأنـزل الله عز وجل: " ولقد كنتم تمنون الموت من قبل أن تلقوه "، الآية. 7935- حدثني محمد بن بشار قال، حدثنا هوذة قال، حدثنا عوف، &; 7-250 &; عن الحسن قال: بلغني أن رجالا من أصحاب النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم كانوا يقولون: " لئن لقينا مع النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم لنفعلن ولنفعلن "، فابتلوا بذلك، فلا والله ما كلُّهم صَدق الله، فأنـزل الله عز وجل." ولقد كنتم تمنون الموت من قبل أن تلقوه فقد رأيتموه وأنتم تنظرون ". 7936- حدثنا محمد بن الحسين قال، حدثنا أحمد قال، حدثنا أسباط، عن السدي: كان ناسٌ من أصحاب النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم لم يشهدوا بدرًا، فلما رأوا فضيلة أهل بدر قالوا: " اللهم إنا نسألك أن ترينا يومًا كيوم بدر نبليك فيه خيرًا "! فرأوا أحدًا، فقال لهم: " ولقد كنتم تمنون الموت من قبل أن تلقوه فقد رأيتموه وأنتم تنظرون ". 7937- حدثنا ابن حميد قال، حدثنا سلمة، عن ابن إسحاق: " ولقد كنتم تمنون الموت من قبل أن تلقوه فقد رأيتموه وأنتم تنظرون "، أي: لقد كنتم تمنون الشهادة على الذي أنتم عليه من الحق قبل أن تلقوا عدوكم = يعني الذين استنهضوا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم على خروجه بهم إلى عدوهم، (11) لما فاتهم من الحضور في اليوم الذي كان قبله ببدر، رغبة في الشهادة التي قد فاتتهم به. يقول: " فقد رأيتموه وأنتم تنظرون "، أي: الموتَ بالسيوف في أيدي الرجال، قد خلَّى بينكم وبينهم، (12) وأنتم تنظرون إليهم، فصددتُم عنهم. (13) ---------------- الهوامش : (9) في المطبوعة: " عائدة على الموت ، ومعنى وأنتم تنظرون" ، وهو كلام فاسد. وفي المخطوطة: "عائدة على الموت ، والمعنى" وبعدها بياض قدر كلمة ، ثم كتب: "وأنتم تنظرون" فوضعت بين القوسين ما استظهرته من كلام أبي جعفر. (10) في المطبوعة: "أو فعتبهم" ، وفي المخطوطة" فتعتهم" غير منقوطة ، وكأن صواب قراءتها ما أثبت عابه وعيبه: نسبه إلى العيب. (11) في المطبوعة: "يعني الذين حملوا رسول الله. ." ، غيره الناشر ، وكان في المخطوطة"استاصوا" غير منقوطة ، ولولا أن الذي في سيرة ابن هشام"استنهضوا" ، لقلت إن صواب قراءتها: "استباصوا" بالصاد في آخره من قولهم: "بصت فلانًا" إذا استعجلته. والبوص (بفتح فسكون): أن تستعجل إنسانًا في تحميلكه أمرًا ، لا تدعه يتمهل فيه. وهذه صفة فعل أصحاب رسول الله الذين لم يشهدوا بدرًا ، وأرادوا القتال يوم أحد. (12) في المطبوعة: "قد حل بينكم وبينهم" ، وهي في المخطوطة غير بينة ، والصواب ما جاء في سيرة ابن هشام ، وقد أثبته. (13) الأثر: 7937- سيرة ابن هشام 3: 117 ، وهو تتمة الآثار التي آخرها: 7929. هذا وفي السيرة خطأ بين ، تصحيحه في رواية الطبري ، فليراجع. وقد جاء في السيرة."ثم صدهم عنكم" مكان"فصددتم عنهم" ، وهما معنيان مختلفان ، ولكنها الرواية ، لا يمكن أن أرجح فيها بغير مرجح ، فكلاهما صواب.