Tabari (1 passage)

1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

   The explanation of His word, the Exalted: O you who believe, if you obey a group of those who were given the Book, they will turn you back into disbelievers after your belief (3:100).

   Abū Jaʿfar said: The exegetes differed concerning who was intended by this.

   Some of them said: by His word "O you who believe" He meant the Aws and the Khazraj, and by "those who were given the Book" Shāʾs ibn Qays the Jew, in accordance with what we have previously mentioned of his report on the authority of Zayd ibn Aslam.

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   And others said, concerning who was intended by "those who believe," something similar to the statement of Zayd ibn Aslam — except that they said: the one between whom and others of the Anṣār the quarrel took place, until they intended to fight and the Jew found in that a pretext against them, was Thaʿlaba ibn ʿAnama the Anṣārī.

   Mention of who said that:

   7529 — Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn related to me, saying: Aḥmad ibn al-Mufaḍḍal related to us, saying: Asbāṭ related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī: "O you who believe, if you obey a group of those who were given the Book, they will turn you back into disbelievers after your belief," he said: this was revealed concerning Thaʿlaba ibn ʿAnama the Anṣārī. Between him and some people of the Anṣār there was a quarrel, and a Jew of [the tribe of] Qaynuqāʿ went back and forth between them and incited the one against the other, until the two parties of the Aws and the Khazraj intended to take up arms and fight. Then Allah, Mighty and Exalted, revealed: "if you obey a group of those who were given the Book, they will turn you back into disbelievers after your belief," He says: if you take up arms and fight, you have become disbelievers.

   7530 — al-Ḥasan ibn Yaḥyā related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Jaʿfar ibn Sulaymān informed us, on the authority of Ḥumayd al-Aʿraj, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His word: "O you who believe, if you obey a group of those who were given the Book," he said: the totality of the tribes of the Anṣār consisted of two groups: the Aws and the Khazraj, and between them in the time of ignorance (jāhiliyya) there was war, bloodshed, and hatred, until Allah favored them with Islam and with the Prophet ﷺ. Thus Allah extinguished the war that was between them, and brought concord between them through Islam. He said: while a man of the Aws and a man of the Khazraj were sitting talking, and with them a Jew was seated, this one kept reminding them of their [battle]days and the enmity that was between them, until they reviled one another and then fought. He said: then this one called his people and that one his people, and they went out with weapons, and they drew up in battle array against one another. He said: and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was present that day in Medina; the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came and kept walking back and forth between them, to these and to those, to calm them, until they turned back and laid down their weapons. Then Allah, Mighty and Exalted, revealed the Qurʾān concerning that: "O you who believe, if you obey a group of those who were given the Book" up to His word: a tremendous punishment.

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   Abū Jaʿfar said: The explanation of the verse is thus: O you who have believed in Allah and His Messenger, and have acknowledged what their Prophet ﷺ brought to them from Allah, if you obey a group of those who arrogate the Book to themselves among the people of the Torah and the Gospel, and accept from them what they command you, then they will lead you astray and turn you back, after your affirmation of the Messenger of your Lord and after your acknowledgment of what he brought from your Lord, as disbelievers — He says: as deniers of that which you believed in and which you acknowledged as true of the truth that came to you from your Lord. Thus He forbade them — exalted is His praise — from seeking counsel of them or accepting an opinion or advice from them, and He — exalted is His mention — instructs them that toward them they are full of malice, deceit, envy, and hatred, as:

   7531 — Bishr ibn Muʿādh related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word: "O you who believe, if you obey a group of those who were given the Book, they will turn you back into disbelievers after your belief," Allah has already warned you concerning them, as you hear, and He has cautioned you and informed you of their error; so do not entrust your religion to them, and do not seek their counsel concerning your affairs, for they are the enemies, the envious, the erring. How can you trust a people who disbelieved in their Book, killed their messengers, fell into confusion in their religion, and stood powerless against themselves? They — by Allah — they are the people of suspicion and enmity!

   7532 — al-Muthannā related to us, saying: Isḥāq related to us, saying: Ibn Abī Jaʿfar related to us, on the authority of his father, on the authority of al-Rabīʿ, something similar.

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   القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنْ تُطِيعُوا فَرِيقًا مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ يَرُدُّوكُمْ بَعْدَ إِيمَانِكُمْ كَافِرِينَ (100) قال أبو جعفر: اختلف أهل التأويل فيمن عنى بذلك. فقال بعضهم: عنى بقوله: " يا أيها الذين آمنوا "، الأوس والخزرج، وبـ " الذين أوتوا الكتاب "، شأس بن قيس اليهودي، على ما قد ذكرنا قبلُ من خبره عن زيد بن أسلم. (87) * * * وقال آخرون، فيمن عُني بالذين آمنوا، مثل قول زيد بن أسلم = غير أنهم قالوا: الذي جرى الكلام بينه وبين غيره من الأنصار حتى همّوا بالقتال ووجد اليهوديّ به مغمزًا فيهم: ثعلبة بن عَنَمة الأنصاري. (88) *ذكر من قال ذلك: 7529- حدثني محمد بن الحسين قال، حدثنا أحمد بن المفضل قال، حدثنا أسباط، عن السدي: " يا أيها الذين آمنوا إن تطيعوا فريقًا من الذين أوتوا الكتاب يردُّوكم بعد إيمانكم كافرين "، قال: نـزلت في ثعلبة بن عَنمة الأنصاري، (89) كان بينه وبين أناس من الأنصار كلام، فمشى بينهم يهوديٌّ من قَيْنُقاع، فحمَل بعضَهم على بعضٍ، (90) حتى همت الطائفتان من الأوس والخزرج أن يحملوا السلاحَ فيقاتلوا، فأنـزل الله عز وجل: " إن تطيعوا فريقًا من الذين أوتوا الكتاب يردوكم بعد إيمانكم كافرين "، يقول: إن حملتم السلاحَ فاقتتلتم، كفرتم. 7530- حدثنا الحسن بن يحيى قال، أخبرنا عبد الرزاق قال، أخبرنا جعفر بن سليمان، عن حميد الأعرج،عن مجاهد في قوله: " يا أيها الذين آمنوا إن تطيعوا فريقًا من الذين أوتوا الكتاب "، قال: كان جِماعُ قبائل الأنصار بطنين: الأوس والخزرج، وكان بينهما في الجاهلية حربٌ ودماء وشنَآنٌ، حتى مَنَّ الله عليهم بالإسلام وبالنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم، فأطفأ الله الحرب التي كانت بينهم، وألفَّ بينهم بالإسلام. قال: فبينا رجل من الأوس ورجلٌ من الخزرج قاعدان يتحدّثان، ومعهما يهوديّ جالسٌ، فلم يزل يذكِّرهما أيامهما والعداوةَ التي كانت بينهم، حتى استَبَّا ثم اقتتلا. قال: فنادى هذا قومه وهذا قومه، فخرجوا بالسلاح، وصفَّ بعضهم لبعض. قال: ورسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم شاهدٌ يومئذ بالمدينة، فجاء رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، فلم يزل يمشي بينهم إلى هؤلاء وإلى هؤلاء ليسكنهم، حتى رجعوا ووضعوا السلاح، فأنـزل الله عز وجل القرآن في ذلك: " يا أيها الذين آمنوا إن تُطيعوا فريقًا من الذين أوتوا الكتاب " إلى قوله: عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ . * * * قال أبو جعفر: فتأويل الآية: يا أيها الذين صدقوا الله ورسوله، وأقرُّوا بما جاءهم به نبيهم صلى الله عليه وسلم من عند الله، إن تطيعوا جماعة ممن ينتحل الكتابَ من أهل التوراة والإنجيل، فتقبلوا منهم ما يأمرونكم به، يُضِلُّوكم فيردّوكم بعد تصديقكم رسولَ ربكم، وبعد إقراركم بما جاء به من عند ربكم، كافرين = يقول: جاحدين لما قد آمنتم به وصدَّقتموه من الحقّ الذي جاءكم من عند ربكم. فنهاهم جَلّ ثناؤه: أن ينتصحوهم، ويقبلوا منهم رأيًا أو مشورةً، ويعلِّمهم تعالى ذكره أنهم لهم منطوُون على غِلٍّ وغِش وحسد وبغض، كما: 7531- حدثنا بشر بن معاذ قال، حدثنا يزيد قال، حدثنا سعيد، عن قتادة، قوله: " يا أيها الذين آمنوا إن تطيعوا فريقًا من الذين أوتوا الكتاب يردّوكم بعد إيمانكم كافرين "، قد تقدّم الله إليكم فيهم كما تسمعون، وحذَّركم وأنبأكم بضلالتهم، فلا تأتمنوهم على دينكم، ولا تنتصحوهم على أنفسكم، فإنهم الأعداءُ الحسَدَة الضُّلال. كيف تأتمنون قومًا كفروا بكتابهم، وقتلوا رُسلهم، وتحيَّروا في دينهم، وعجزوا عَنْ أنفسهم؟ أولئك والله هم أهل التُّهَمة والعداوة! 7532- حدثنا المثني قال، حدثنا إسحاق قال، حدثنا ابن أبي جعفر، عن أبيه، عن الربيع، مثله. * * * --------------- الهوامش : (87) هو الأثر السالف رقم: 7524. (88) في المطبوعة: "بن غنمة" ، والصواب بالعين المهملة ، وهي في المخطوطة تحتها حرف"ع" ، وهو الصواب. (89) انظر ص 58 تعليق 2. (90) حمل بني فلان على بني فلان: إذا أرش بينهم وأوقع.