Tafseer of The Family of Imraan · Aal-i-Imraan · 3:101
And how could you disbelieve while to you are being recited the verses of Allah and among you is His Messenger? And whoever holds firmly to Allah has [indeed] been guided to a straight path.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The explanation of the saying of the Exalted: "And how can you disbelieve, while the verses of Allah are recited to you and His Messenger is among you? And whoever holds fast to Allah has indeed been guided to a straight path." (3:101)
Abū Jaʿfar said: By this He means, exalted be His praise: "And how can you disbelieve," O you believers, after your faith in Allah and His Messenger, so that you would turn back upon your heels (become apostates) — "while the verses of Allah are recited to you," that is to say: the proofs of Allah against you which He has sent down in His Book to His Prophet Muḥammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace — "and His Messenger is among you," another proof against you for Allah, in addition to the verses of His Book; all of this calls you to the truth, and makes you perceive the guidance and the straight path, and forbids you from error and misguidance? He says to them, exalted be His mention: What then is the basis of your excuse before your Lord for your denial of the prophethood of your Prophet, and your turning back upon your heels, and your returning to the affair of your jāhiliyya, if you were to return to that and disbelieve, while there are with him these clear proofs and manifest signs that demonstrate the falseness of that deed of yours, were you to perform it? As in:
7533 — Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd ibn Zurayʿ related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, his saying: "And how can you disbelieve, while the verses of Allah are recited to you," the verse: two clear signs: the presence of the Prophet of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and the Book of Allah. As for the Prophet of Allah, he has passed away, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. And as for the Book of Allah, Allah has let it remain among you as a mercy from Allah and a grace; in it is its permitted and its forbidden, and obedience to Him and disobedience to Him.
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As for His saying "and whoever holds fast to Allah has indeed been guided to a straight path," by this is meant: and whoever clings to the ropes of Allah, and holds fast to His religion and obedience to Him — "has indeed been guided," He says: has indeed been guided to a clear path, and a straight, uncrooked way, along which he proceeds directly to the good pleasure of Allah, and to deliverance from the punishment of Allah and the attainment of His Paradise (janna), as in:
7534 — Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, his saying: "and whoever holds fast to Allah has indeed been guided," he said: he believes in Allah.
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The origin of "al-ʿaṣm" is preventing; everything that prevents a thing is therefore "ʿāṣimuhu" (that which prevents it), and the one who protects himself by it is "muʿtaṣim bihi" (the one who holds fast to it). Among that is the saying of al-Farazdaq:
"I am the son of the protectors, the Banū Tamīm, when the greatest of calamities befalls us."
And for this reason the rope is called "ʿiṣām," and the means by which a man attains his need is called "ʿiṣām." Among that is the saying of al-Aʿshā:
"To the man Qays I undertake the long night journey, and I take from every tribe sureties (ʿuṣum)."
By "al-ʿuṣum" he means the means, the means of protection and safety. One says of that: "iʿtaṣamtu bi-ḥablin min fulān" (I held fast to a rope of so-and-so) and "iʿtaṣamtu ḥablan minhu" and "iʿtaṣamtu bihi wa-iʿtaṣamtuhu." The more eloquent of the two linguistic forms is the insertion of the "bāʾ," as He, mighty and exalted, has said: «وَاعْتَصِمُوا بِحَبْلِ اللَّهِ» ("And hold fast, all of you, to the rope of Allah"). And there has also come: "iʿtaṣamtuhu," as the poet said:
"When you requite brotherhood with the like thereof, and console me, and then hold fast to my ropes."
He said, then: "iʿtaṣamtu ḥibāliyā" (I held fast to my ropes), and he did not insert the "bāʾ." That is similar to their saying: "tanāwaltu al-khiṭām" and "tanāwaltu bi-l-khiṭām" (I took hold of the halter), and "taʿallaqtu bihi wa-taʿallaqtuhu" (I attached myself to it), as the poet said:
"I attached myself to Hind, a young girl with a sash, while you — and you had already approached her — did not know what gentleness is."
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I have already set forth the meaning of "al-hudā" (guidance) and "al-ṣirāṭ" (the path), and that by it islam is meant, in what has previously preceded, with the proofs for it, and therefore we have deemed it burdensome to repeat it in this place.
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It has been mentioned that what was revealed concerning the cause of the dissension of the two tribes, the Aws and the Khazraj, was part of His saying: "And how can you disbelieve, while the verses of Allah are recited to you."
*Mention of who said that:
7535 — Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Ḥasan ibn ʿAṭiyya related to us, saying: Qays ibn al-Rabīʿ related to us, on the authority of al-Aghar ibn al-Ṣabbāḥ, on the authority of Khalīfa ibn Ḥuṣayn, on the authority of Abū Naṣr, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, he said: The Aws and the Khazraj used to wage war against one another every month in the jāhiliyya. While they were once sitting, they brought up what had been between them, until they became angry, and one rose up against the other with weapons. Then this verse was revealed: "And how can you disbelieve, while the verses of Allah are recited to you and His Messenger is among you," up to the end of the two verses, "And remember the favor of Allah upon you, when you were enemies," up to the end of the verse.