Tabari

Tafseer of The Poets · Ash-Shu'araa · 26:214

وَأَنذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ ٱلْأَقْرَبِينَ

And warn, [O Muhammad], your closest kindred.

Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.

Tabari (1 passage)

  1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

    Allah, exalted is His praise, says to His Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ: وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ — warn your nearest kinsfolk from your people, those who are closest to you in blood relationship, and frighten them against Our punishment lest it descend upon them on account of their disbelief.

    It is mentioned that when this verse was revealed, the Prophet ﷺ began with the sons of his grandfather ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib and his own children; he frightened them and warned them.

    * Mention of the narration concerning that:

    Aḥmad ibn al-Miqdam related to me, saying: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān related to us, saying: Hishām ibn ʿUrwa related to us, on the authority of his father, on the authority of ʿĀʾisha, who said: When this verse was revealed — وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ — the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "O Ṣafiyya, daughter of ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib! O Fāṭima, daughter of Muḥammad! O sons of ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib! Truly, I can avail you nothing against Allah. Ask me what you wish of my property."

    Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: my father and Yūnus ibn Bukayr related to me, on the authority of Hishām ibn ʿUrwa, on the authority of his father, on the authority of ʿĀʾisha, on the authority of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, with similar content.

    Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Ḥakkām related to us, saying: ʿAnbasa related to us, on the authority of Hishām ibn ʿUrwa, on the authority of his father, who said: When وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ was revealed, the Prophet ﷺ stood up and said: "O Fāṭima, daughter of Muḥammad! O Ṣafiyya, daughter of ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib!" Then he mentioned something similar to the narration of Ibn al-Miqdam.

    Yūnus ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to me, saying: Salāma related to us, saying: ʿAqīl said: al-Zuhrī related to me, saying: Saʿīd ibn al-Musayyab and Abū Salama ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān said: Abū Hurayra said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, when there was revealed to him وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ: "O company of Quraysh! Ransom yourselves from Allah — I avail you nothing against Allah. O Banū ʿAbd Manāf! I avail you nothing against Allah. O ʿAbbās, son of ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib! I avail you nothing against Allah. O Fāṭima, daughter of the Messenger of Allah! I avail you nothing against Allah. Ask me what you wish — I avail you nothing against Allah."

    Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Malik related to me, saying: Abū al-Yamān related to us, saying: Shuʿayb informed us on the authority of al-Zuhrī, who said: Saʿīd ibn al-Musayyab and Abū Salama ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān informed me that Abū Hurayra said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, when there was revealed to him وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ: "O company of Quraysh! Ransom yourselves from Allah." Then he mentioned something similar to the narration of Yūnus by way of Salāma; but he added to it: "O Ṣafiyya, aunt of the Messenger of Allah! I avail you nothing against Allah." And he did not mention Fāṭima in his narration.

    Yūnus related to me, saying: Salāma ibn Rawḥ related to us, saying: ʿAqīl said: Ibn Shihāb related to me that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, when there was revealed to him وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ, gathered Quraysh, then went to them and said to them: "Is there among you any stranger?" They said: No, except a sister's son of ours, whom we count as one of us. He said: "He is one of you." Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ admonished them, and said at the end of his words: "I would surely not wish to witness that the people come to me on the Day of Resurrection bearing the Hereafter in their burden, while you come to me bearing the world in your burden."

    Yūnus related to us, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Yūnus informed me on the authority of Ibn Shihāb — Saʿīd ibn al-Musayyab and Abū Salama ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān informed me that Abū Hurayra said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, when there was revealed to him وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ: "O company of Quraysh! Ransom yourselves from Allah — I avail you nothing against Allah. O Banū ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib! I avail you nothing against Allah. O ʿAbbās, son of ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib! I avail you nothing against Allah. O Ṣafiyya, aunt of the Messenger of Allah! I avail you nothing against Allah. O Fāṭima, daughter of Muḥammad! Ask me what you wish — I avail you nothing against Allah."

    Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: al-Muʿtamir related to us, saying: I heard al-Ḥajjāj relating on the authority of ʿAbd al-Malik ibn ʿUmayr, on the authority of Mūsā ibn Ṭalḥa, on the authority of Abū Hurayra, on the authority of the Prophet ﷺ, who said: When Allah revealed وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ, the prophet of Allah ﷺ said: "O company of Quraysh! Save yourselves from the Fire. O Fāṭima, daughter of Muḥammad! Save yourself from the Fire. Know: you have a blood relationship with me — I shall keep it moistened with its moistening."

    Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Abū Usāma related to us, on the authority of Zāʾida, on the authority of ʿAbd al-Malik ibn ʿUmayr, on the authority of Mūsā ibn Ṭalḥa, on the authority of Abū Hurayra, who said: When this verse was revealed — وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ — the Messenger of Allah ﷺ summoned Quraysh together and addressed them generally and specifically. He said: "O company of Quraysh! Ransom yourselves from Allah. O company of Banū Kaʿb ibn Luʾayy! O company of Banū ʿAbd Manāf! O company of Banū Hāshim! O company of Banū ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib!" — he said to them all: "Save yourselves from the Fire. O Fāṭima, daughter of Muḥammad! Save yourself from the Fire, for by Allah, I can avail you nothing against Allah. Know: you have a blood relationship with me — I shall keep it moistened with its moistening."

    Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: al-Muʿtamir related to us, on the authority of his father, who said: Abū ʿUthmān related to us, on the authority of Zuhayr ibn ʿAmr and Qabīṣa ibn Mukhāriq: that they both said: Allah revealed to His prophet ﷺ: وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ. And they related to us that the prophet of Allah ﷺ climbed a rock on a mountain, then ascended its highest stone and called out: "O descendants of ʿAbd Manāf! Vigilance is required! I am a warner. My likeness and yours is like a man whose enemy appears; he fears for his family and goes to take up a lookout post, but he is afraid that they will reach his family before him. So he began to call out to them: Vigilance is required!" Or as he said it.

    Muḥammad ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Wahhāb and Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar related to us, on the authority of ʿAwf, on the authority of Qasāma ibn Zuhayr, who said: It reached me that when there was revealed to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ, he put his finger in his ear, raised his voice and called out: "O Banū ʿAbd Manāf — vigilance is required!"

    He said: Abū ʿĀṣim related to me, saying: ʿAwf related to us, on the authority of Qasāma ibn Zuhayr, who said — I think on the authority of al-Ashʿarī, on the authority of the Prophet ﷺ —, with similar content.

    ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī Ziyād related to me, saying: Abū Zayd al-Anṣārī Saʿd ibn Aws related to us, on the authority of ʿAwf, who said: Qasāma ibn Zuhayr said — al-Ashʿarī related to me: When it was revealed — then he mentioned something similar — but he said: He put his two fingers in his two ears.

    Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Ibn Numayr related to us, on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of ʿAmr ibn Marra, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: When this verse was revealed — وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ — the Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood upon the hill of Ṣafā and called out: "Vigilance is required!" The people gathered to him; one came himself, another sent his messenger. Then he said: "O Banū Hāshim! O Banū ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib! O Banū Fihr! O Banū such-and-such! Tell me: if I were to inform you that there are horsemen at the foot of this mountain who wish to raid you, would you believe me?" They said: Yes. He said: "Then I am to you a warner on the eve of a severe punishment." Abū Lahab said: May you be cursed for the rest of the day! Have you gathered us together only for this? Then there was revealed: تَبَّتْ يَدَا أَبِي لَهَبٍ وَتَبَّ.

    Abū Kurayb and Abū al-Sāʾib related to us, they said: Abū Muʿāwiya related to us, on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of ʿAmr ibn Marra, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: One day the Messenger of Allah ﷺ climbed up Ṣafā and called out: "Vigilance is required!" Quraysh gathered to him and asked: What is it? He said: "Tell me: if I were to inform you that the enemy will reach you in the morning or in the evening, would you not believe me?" They said: Yes, certainly. He said: "Then I am to you a warner on the eve of a severe punishment." Abū Lahab said: May you be cursed! Have you gathered us together, or had us assembled, only for this?! Then Allah revealed: تَبَّتْ يَدَا أَبِي لَهَبٍ to the end of the sūra.

    Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Abū Usāma related to us, on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of ʿAmr ibn Marra, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: When this verse was revealed — وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ and your nearest kinsfolk among them — the Messenger of Allah ﷺ set out until he climbed Ṣafā and called out: "Vigilance is required!" It was said: Who is it that is calling out? They said: Muḥammad. They gathered to him. He said: "O Banū such-and-such! O Banū such-and-such! O Banū ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib! O Banū ʿAbd Manāf!" They gathered to him. He said: "Tell me: if I were to inform you that horsemen are setting out from the foot of this mountain, would you believe me?" They said: We have never caught you in a lie. He said: "Then I am to you a warner on the eve of a severe punishment." Abū Lahab said: May you be cursed! Have you brought us together only for this? Then he stood up and there was revealed this sūra: تَبَّتْ يَدَا أَبِي لَهَبٍ وَقَدْ تَبَّ — thus did al-Aʿmash read it — to the end of the sūra.

    Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Abū Muʿāwiya ibn Hishām related to us, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of Ḥabīb, on the authority of Saʿīd, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: When وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ was revealed, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ set out, stood upon Ṣafā and said: "Vigilance is required!"

    He said: Khālid ibn ʿAmr related to us, saying: Sufyān al-Thawrī related to us, on the authority of Ḥabīb ibn Abī Thābit, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: When وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ was revealed, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood upon Ṣafā and said: "Vigilance is required!" Then he began to name them one by one: "O Banū such-and-such! O Banū such-and-such! O Banū ʿAbd Manāf!"

    Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Jarīr related to us, on the authority of Mughīra, on the authority of ʿAmr ibn Marra al-Jamalī, who said: When وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ was revealed, he climbed a mountain and called out: "Vigilance is required!" The swift ones came to him and those who lagged behind sent their messengers to follow up who it was that was calling. When they reached him, he said: "Some of you have come to see, and others have sent someone to look who the caller is." When they were assembled and numerous, he said: "Tell me: if I were to inform you that there are horsemen who will assail you in the morning from this mountain, would you believe me?" They said: Yes — we have never caught you in a lie. Then he recited to them the verses that had been revealed and warned them as he had been commanded. Then he called out: "O Quraysh! O Banū Hāshim!" until he said: "O Banū ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib! I am to you a warner on the eve of a severe punishment."

    Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Jarīr related to us, on the authority of ʿAmr — that he read وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ followed by "and your nearest kinsfolk who are sincere."

    He said: Salama related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq related to me, on the authority of ʿAbd al-Ghaffār ibn al-Qāsim, on the authority of al-Minhāl ibn ʿAmr, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Ḥārith ibn Nawfal ibn al-Ḥārith ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbbās, on the authority of ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib: When this verse was revealed to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ — وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ — the Messenger of Allah ﷺ called me and said to me: "O ʿAlī! Allah has commanded me to warn my nearest kinsfolk." He said: "I felt greatly constrained by that, and I knew that when I called them to this, I would see from them something that would not please me. I kept silent until Jibrāʾīl came and said: O Muḥammad! If you do not do what you are commanded, your Lord will punish you. Prepare for us a ṣāʿ of food, place a leg of mutton with it, fill for us a large bowl with milk, then gather for me the Banū ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, so that I may speak to them and convey to them what I have been commanded." I did what he ordered me, then I summoned them together to him — they were that day forty men, more or less by one. Among them were his uncles: Abū Ṭālib, Ḥamza, al-ʿAbbās and Abū Lahab. When they were with him, he asked me for the food that I had prepared for them. I brought it. When he set it down, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ took a piece of meat, tore it apart with his teeth and threw it into the corners of the dish. He said: "Take, in the name of Allah." The people ate until they had no need of anything more, and I saw only the places where their hands had touched. By Allah, in Whose hand is the soul of ʿAlī: one man alone could have simply eaten up what I had set down for them all! Then he said: "Pour out for the people." I brought them that large bowl; they drank until all of them were satisfied. By Allah: one man of them would ordinarily have drunk as much as all of it was! But when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ wished to address them, Abū Lahab forestalled him in speech and said: "Ah, how your companion has bewitched you!" The people dispersed and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had been unable to address them. He said: "Tomorrow, O ʿAlī! This man forestalled me with what you heard of his speech, so that the people dispersed before I could address them. Prepare for us again the same food and then bring them together to me again." He said: I did that, then I gathered them. Then he requested the food from me and I brought it near. He did the same as the previous day; they ate until they had no need of anything more. He said: "Pour out for them." I brought them that bowl and they drank until all of them were satisfied. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ addressed them and said: "O Banū ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib! By Allah, I know of no youth among the Arabs who has brought his people anything better than what I bring you. I have brought you the good of this life and the Hereafter. Allah has commanded me to invite you to it. Which of you will support me in this — on condition that he be my brother" — and this and that? He said: The people were all silent and held back. And I, the youngest of them, the most tearful of eye, the fattest of belly and the thinnest of leg, said: I, O prophet of Allah, will be your helper. He took me by my neck and said: "This one here is my brother" — and this and that — "listen to him and obey him." The people stood up laughing, and said to Abū Ṭālib: He has commanded you to listen to your son and to obey him!

    Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Salama related to us, saying: Isḥāq related to me, on the authority of ʿAmr ibn ʿUbayd, on the authority of al-Ḥasan ibn Abī al-Ḥasan, who said: When this verse was revealed to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ — وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ — the Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood up in al-Abṭaḥ and called out: "O Banū ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib! O Banū ʿAbd Manāf! O Banū Quṣayy!" Then he named the tribes of Quraysh, tribe by tribe, until he reached the last of them, and said: "I call you to Allah and I warn you against His punishment."

    Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His words وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ: he said: Muḥammad was commanded to warn his people, and to begin therein with his household and nearest relatives. He said: وَكَذَّبَ بِهِ قَوْمُكَ وَهُوَ الْحَقُّ.

    Al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of Hishām ibn ʿUrwa, on the authority of his father, who said: And when وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ was revealed, the Prophet ﷺ said: "O Fāṭima, daughter of Muḥammad! O Ṣafiyya, daughter of ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib! Fear the Fire, even if it be by means of half a date."

    It was related to me by way of al-Ḥusayn: he said: I heard Abū Muʿādh say: ʿUbayd informed us, saying: I heard al-Ḍaḥḥāk say concerning the words وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ: he began with his household and nearest relatives.

    Al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of Qatāda, who said: When وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ was revealed, the Prophet ﷺ gathered the Banū Hāshim together and said: "O Banū Hāshim! I would surely not wish to witness that you come to me bearing the world, while the people come to me bearing the Hereafter. Know: those among you who are my allies are the God-fearing. Fear the Fire, even if it be by means of half a date."

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    وقوله: (وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الأَقْرَبِينَ) يقول جلّ ثناؤه لنبيه محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم: وأنذر عشيرتك من قومك الأقربين إليك قرابة, وحذّرهم من عذابنا أن ينـزل بهم بكفرهم. وذُكر أن هذه الآية لما نـزلت, بدأ ببني جده عبد المطلب وولده, فحذّرهم وأنذرهم. *ذكر الرواية بذلك: حدثني أحمد بن المقدام, قال: ثنا محمد بن عبد الرحمن, قال: ثنا هشام بن عروة, عن أبيه, عن عائشة قالت: لما نـزلت هذه الآية: (وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الأَقْرَبِينَ) قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: " يا صَفِيَّةُ بِنْتَ عِبْدِ المُطَّلِبِ, يا فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتَ مُحَمَّدٍ يا بَنِي عَبْدِ المُطَّلِبِ إنِّي لا أمْلِكُ لَكُمْ مِنَ اللهِ شَيْئا, سَلُوني مِنْ مالي ما شِئْتُمْ". حدثنا ابن وكيع, قال: ثني أبي ويونس بن بكير, عن هشام بن عروة, عن أبيه, عن عائشة, عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم, بنحوه. حدثنا ابن حميد, قال: ثنا حكام, قال: ثنا عنبسة, عن هشام بن عروة, عن أبيه, قال: لما نـزلت (وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الأَقْرَبِينَ) قام النبيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال: " يا فَاطِمَةُ بِنْتَ مُحَمَّدٍ, ويا صَفِيَّةُ ابْنَةَ عَبْدِ المُطَّلِبِ" ثم ذكر نحو حديث ابن المقدام. حدثني يونس بن عبد الأعلى, قال: ثنا سلامة, قال: قال عقيل: ثني الزهري, قال: قال سعيد بن المسيب, وأبو سلمة بن عبد الرحمن: إن أبا هريرة قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم حين أنـزل عليه (وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الأَقْرَبِينَ): " يا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ اشْتَرُوا أنْفُسَكُمْ مِنَ الله, لا أُغْنِي عَنْكُمْ مِنَ الله شَيْئًا, يَا بَنِي عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ لا أُغْنِي عَنْكُمْ مِنَ الله شَيْئًا, يا عَبَّاسُ بْنَ عَبْدِ المُطَّلِبِ لا أُغْنِي عَنْكَ مِنَ الله شَيْئًا, يا فَاطِمَةُ بِنْتَ رَسُولِ الله لا أُغْنِي عَنْكِ مِنَ الله شَيْئًا, سَلِينِي ما شِئْتِ, لا أُغْني عَنْكِ مِنَ اللهِ شَيْئًا ". حدثني محمد بن عبد الملك, قال: ثنا أبو اليمان, قال: أخبرنا شعيب عن الزهري, قال: أخبرني سعيد بن المسيب وأبو سلمة بن عبد الرحمن أن أبا هريرة قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم حين أنـزل عليه: (وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الأَقْرَبِينَ) قال: " يا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ اشْتَرُوا أنْفُسَكُمْ مِنَ الله " ثم ذكر نحو حديث يونس, عن سلامة; غير أنه زاد فيه " يا صَفِيَّةُ عَمَّةَ رَسُولِ الله لا أُغْنِي عَنْكِ مِنَ اللهِ شَيْئًا " ولم يذكر في حديثه فاطمة. حدثني يونس, قال: ثنا سلامة بن روح, قال: قال عقيل: ثني ابن شهاب أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم لما أنـزل عليه (وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الأَقْرَبِينَ) جمع قريشا, ثم أتاهم, فقال لهم: " هَلْ فِيكُمْ غرِيبٌ؟ " فقالوا: لا إلا ابن أخت لنا لا نراه إلا منا, قال: " إنَّهُ منْكُمْ", فوعظهم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم, ثم قال لهم في آخر كلامه: " لا أعْرِفَنَّ مَا وَرَدَ عليَّ النَّاسُ يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ يَسُوقُونَ الآخِرَةَ, وجِئْتُمْ إليَّ تَسُوقُونَ الدُّنْيا ". حدثني يونس, قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب, قال: أخبرني يونس, عن ابن شهاب, أخبرني سعيد بن المسيب وأبو سلمة بن عبد الرحمن, أن أبا هريرة قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم حين أُنـزل عليه (وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الأَقْرَبِينَ) : " يا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ اشْتَرُوا أنْفُسَكُمْ مِنَ الله لا أُغْنِي عَنْكُمْ مِنَ الله شَيْئًا, يَا بَنِي عَبْدِ المُطَّلِبِ لا أُغْنِي عَنْكُمْ مِنَ الله شَيْئًا, يا عَبَّاسُ بْنَ عَبْدِ المُطَّلِبِ لا أُغْنِي عَنْكَ مِنَ الله شَيْئًا, يا صَفِيَّةُ عَمَّةَ رسُولِ الله لا أغْنِي عَنْكِ مِنَ الله شَيْئًا, يا فَاطِمَةُ بِنْتَ مُحَمَّدٍ سَلِينِي ما شِئْتِ لا أُغْنِي عَنْكِ مِنَ الله شَيْئًا ". حدثنا ابن عبد الأعلى, قال: ثنا المعتمر, قال: سمعت الحجاج يحدث, عن عبد الملك بن عمير, عن موسى بن طلحة, عن أبي هريرة, عن النبيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه قال: لما أنـزل الله: (وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الأَقْرَبِينَ) قال نبي الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: " يا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ أنْقِذُوا أنفُسَكُمْ مِنَ النَّارِ, يا فَاطِمَةُ بِنْتَ مُحَمَّدٍ أنْقِذِي نَفْسَكِ مِنَ النَّارِ, ألا إنَّ لَكُمْ رَحِمًا سأبلُّها ببلالها ". حدثنا أبو كريب, قال: ثنا أبو أسامة, عن زائدة, عن عبد الملك بن عمير, عن موسى بن طلحة, عن أبي هريرة, قال: لما نـزلت هذه الآية: (وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الأَقْرَبِينَ) دعا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قريشا, فعم وخصّ, فقال: " يا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ اشْتَرُوا أنْفُسَكُمْ مِنَ الله, يا مَعْشَرَ بَنِي كَعْبِ بْنِ لُؤَيٍّ, يا مَعْشَرَ بَنِي عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ, يا مَعْشَرَ بِنِي هاشم, يا مَعْشَرَ بني عَبْدِ المُطَّلِبِ", يقول لكلهم: " أنْقِذُوا أنْفُسَكُمْ مِنَ النَّارِ, يا فَاطِمَةُ بِنْتَ مُحَمَّدٍ أنْقِذِي نَفْسَكِ مِنَ النَّارِ, فإني وَاللهِ ما أمْلِكُ لَكُمْ مِنَ الله شَيْئًا, ألا إنَّ لَكُمْ رَحِمًا سأبلُّها بِبلالها ". حدثنا ابن عبد الأعلى, قال: ثنا المعتمر, عن أبيه, قال: ثنا أبو عثمان, عن زهير بن عمرو وقبيصة بن مخارق: أنهما قالا أنـزل الله على نبيّ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: (وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الأَقْرَبِينَ), فحدثنا عن نبي الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه علا صخرة من جبل, فعلا أعلاها حجرا, ثم قال: " يا آل عَبْدِ مَنافاه, يا صَباحاه, إنّي نَذِيرٌ, إنَّ مَثَلِي وَمَثَلَكُمْ مَثَل رَجُلٍ أتى الجَيْشُ, فَخَشِيَهُمْ على أهْلِهِ, فَذَهَبَ يَرْبَؤُهم (2) فَخَشِيَ أنْ يَسْبِقُوهُ إلى أهْلِهِ, فَجَعَلَ يَهْتِفُ بِهِمْ: يا صَبَاحَاهُ"! أو كما قال. حدثنا محمد بن بشار, قال: ثنا عبد الوهاب ومحمد بن جعفر, عن عوف, عن قسامة بن زهير, قال: بلغني أنه لما نـزل على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم (وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الأَقْرَبِينَ) جاء فوضع أصبعه في أذنه, ورفع من صوته, وقال: " يا بَنِي عَبْدِ مَناف وَاصَبَاحَاهُ"! قال: ثني أبو عاصم, قال: ثنا عوف, عن قسامة بن زهير, قال: أظنه عن الأشعري, عن النبيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم, بنحوه. حدثني عبد الله بن أبي زياد, قال: ثنا أبو زيد الأنصاري سعد بن أوس, عن عوف, قال: قال قسامة بن زهير, حدثني الأشعري, قال: لما نـزلت, ثم ذكر نحوه; إلا أنه قال: وضع أصبعيه في أذنيه. حدثنا أبو كُرَيب, قال: ثنا ابن نُمير, عن الأعمش, عن عمرو بن مرّة, عن سعيد بن جبير, عن ابن عباس, قال: لما نـزلت هذه الآية (وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الأَقْرَبِينَ) قام رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم على الصفا, ثم نادى: " يا صَباحاهُ", فاجتمع الناس إليه, فبين رجل يجيء, وبين آخر يبعث رسوله, فقال: " يا بَنِي هَاشِمٍ, يا بَنِي عَبْدِ المُطَّلِبِ, يا بَنِي فِهْرٍ, يا بَنِي يا بَنِي, أرَأَيْتَكُمْ لَوْ أخْبَرْتُكُمْ أنَّ خَيْلا بِسَفْحِ هَذَا الجَبَلِ تُرِيدُ أنْ تُغِيرَ عَلَيْكُمْ صَدَّقْتُمُونِي؟ " قالوا: نعم, قال: " فإنِّي نَذِيرٌ لَكُمْ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ عَذَابٍ شَدِيدٍ" فقال أبو لهب: تبا لكم سائر اليوم, ما دعوتموني إلا لهذا؟ فنـزلت: تَبَّتْ يَدَا أَبِي لَهَبٍ وَتَبَّ . حدثنا أبو كُرَيب وأبو السائب, قالا ثنا أبو معاوية, عن الأعمش, عن عمرو بن مرّة, عن سعيد بن جبير, عن ابن عباس, قال: صعد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ذات يوم الصفا, فقال: " يا صباحاهُ!" فاجتمعت إليه قريش, فقالوا له: مالك؟ فقال: " أرَأَيْتَكُمْ إنْ أخْبَرْتُكُمْ أنَّ العَدُوَّ مُصَبِّحُكُمْ أوْ مُمُسِّيكُمْ ألا كُنْتُمْ تُصَدِّقُونَنِي؟ " قالوا: بلى, قال: " فإنِّي نَذِيرٌ لَكُمْ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ عَذَاب شَدِيد ". قال أبو لهب: تبا لك, ألهذا دعوتنا أو جمعتنا!, فأنـزل الله: تَبَّتْ يَدَا أَبِي لَهَبٍ ... إلى آخر السورة. حدثنا أبو كُرَيب, قال: ثنا أبو أسامة, عن الأعمش, عن عمرو بن مرّة, عن سعيد بن جبير, عن ابن عباس, قال: لما نـزلت هذه الآية: (وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الأَقْرَبِينَ) ورهطك منهم المخلصين, خرج رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم حتى صعد الصفا, فهتف: " يا صَباحاهُ!" فقالوا: من هذا الذي يهتف؟ فقالوا: محمد, فاجتمعوا إليه, فقال: " يا بَنِي فُلان, يا بَنِي فُلان, يا بَنِي عَبْدِ المُطَّلِبِ, يا بَنِي عَبْدِ مَنَاف ", فاجتمعوا إليه, فقال: " أرَأَيْتَكُمْ إنْ أخْبَرْتُكُمْ أنَّ خَيْلا تَخْرُج بِسَفْحِ هَذَا الجَبَلِ أكُنْتُمْ مُصَدِّقِيّ؟ " قالوا: ما جربنا عليك كذبا, قال: " فإنّي نَذِيرٌ لَكُمْ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ عَذَاب شَدِيدٍ", فقال أبو لهب: تبا لك, ما جمعتنا إلا لهذا؟ ثم قام فنـزلت هذه السورة: تَبَّتْ يَدَا أَبِي لَهَبٍ و قد تب, كذا قرأ الأعمش, إلى آخر السورة. حدثنا أبو كريب, قال: ثنا أبو معاوية بن هشام, عن سفيان, عن حبيب, عن سعيد, عن ابن عباس, قال: لما نـزلت (وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الأَقْرَبِينَ) خرج رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم, فقام على الصفا, فقال: " يا صَباحاهُ"! قال ثنا خالد بن عمرو, قال: ثنا سفيان الثوري, عن حبيب بن أبي ثابت, عن سعيد بن جبير, عن ابن عباس, قال: لما نـزلت (وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الأَقْرَبِينَ), قام رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم على الصفا, فقال: " يا صباحاه !" فجعل يعددهم: " يا بَنِي فُلان, وَيا بَنِي فُلان, ويا بَنِي عَبْدِ مَنَاف ". حدثنا ابن حميد, قال: ثنا جرير, عن مغيرة, عن عمرو بن مرّة الجَمَليّ, قال: لما نـزلت: (وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الأَقْرَبِينَ) قال: أتى جبلا فجعل يهتف: " يا صَباحاهُ", فأتاه من خف من الناس, وأرسل إليه المتثاقلون من الناس رسلا فجعلوا يجيئون يتبعون الصوت ; فلما انتهوا إليه قال: " إنَّ مِنْكُمْ مَنْ جَاءَ لِيَنْظُرَ, وَمِنكُمْ مَنْ أرْسَلَ لينظر مَنِ الهاتف ", فلما اجتمعوا وكثروا قال: " أرَأيتَْكُمْ لَوْ أخْبَرْتُكُمْ أنَّ خَيْلا مُصَبِّحَتُكُمْ مِنْ هَذَا الجَبَلِ, أكُنْتُمْ مُصَدِّقيّ؟ " قالوا: نعم, ما جَرَّبْنَا عَلَيْكَ كَذِبًا, فَقَرَأَ عَلَيْهِمْ هَذِهِ الآيَاتِ التي أُنـزلْنَ, وأنذرهم كما أمر, فَجَعَلَ ينادي: " يا قُرَيْشُ, يا بَنِي هاشِمٍ" حتى قالَ: " يا بَنِي عَبْدِ المُطَّلِبِ, إنّي نَذِيرٌ لَكُمْ بينَ يَدَيْ عَذَاب شَدَيد ". حدثنا ابن حميد, قال: ثنا جرير, عن عمرو: أنه كان يقرأ: (وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الأَقْرَبِينَ) ورهطك المخلصين. قال: ثنا سلمة, قال: ثني محمد بن إسحاق, عن عبد الغفار بن القاسم, عن المنهال بن عمرو, عن عبد الله بن الحارث بن نوفل بن الحارث بن عبد المطلب, عن عبد الله بن عباس, عن عليّ بن أبي طالب: لما نـزلت هذه الآية على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم (وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الأَقْرَبِينَ) دعاني رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم, فقال لي: " يا عليُّ, إنَّ الله أمَرَنِي أنْ أُنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتِي الأقْرَبِين ", قال: " فضقت بذلك ذرعا, وعرفت أنى متى ما أنادهم بهذا الأمر أَرَ منهم ما أكره, فصمتُّ حتى جاء جبرائيل, فقال: يا محمد, إنك إلا تفعل ما تؤمر به يعذّبك ربك. فاصنع لنا صاعا من طعام, واجعل عليه رجل شاة, واملأ لنا عسا من لبن, ثم اجمع لي بني عبد المطلب, حتى أكلمهم, وأبلغهم ما أمرت به ", ففعلت ما أمرني به, ثم دعوتهم له, وهم يومئذ أربعون رجلا يزيدون رجلا أو ينقصونه, فيهم أعمامه: أبو طالب, وحمزة, والعباس, وأبو لهب; فلما اجتمعوا إليه دعاني بالطعام الذي صنعت لهم, فجئت به. فلما وضعته تناول رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم حِذْية من اللحم (3) فشقها بأسنانه, ثم ألقاها في نواحي الصحفة, قال: " خذوا باسم الله ", فأكل القوم حتى ما لهم بشيء حاجة, وما أرى إلا مواضع أيديهم; وايم الله الذي نفس علي بيده إن كان الرجل الواحد ليأكل ما قدمت لجميعهم, ثم قال: " اسْقِ النَّاسَ", فجِئْتُهُمْ بذلك العس, فشربوا حتى رووا منه جميعا, وايم الله إن كان الرجل الواحد منهم ليشرب مثله; فلما أراد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أن يكلمهم, بدره أبو لهب إلى الكلام, فقال: لَهَدَّ (4) ما سحركم به صاحبكم, فتفرّق القوم ولم يكلمهم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم, فقال: " الغد يا عليّ, إن هَذَا الرَّجُل قدْ سَبَقَنِي إلى ما قَدْ سَمِعْتَ مِنَ القَوْلِ, فَتفرّق القوم قبلَ أنْ أُكَلِّمَهُمْ فأعِدَّ لَنا مِنَ الطَّعَامِ مِثْلَ الَّذِي صَنَعْتَ, ثُمَّ اجْمَعْهُمْ لِي", قال: ففعلت ثم جمعتهم, ثم دعاني بالطعام, فقرّبته لهم, ففعل كما فعل بالأمس, فأكلوا حتى ما لهم بشيء حاجة, قال: " اسقهم ", فجئتهم بذلك العس فشربوا حتى رووا منه جميعًا, ثم تكلم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم, فقال: " يا بَنِي عَبْدِ المُطَّلِبِ, إنِّي والله ما أعْلَمُ شابا فِي العَرَبِ جَاءَ قَوْمَهُ بأفْضَلَ ممَّا جئْتُكُمْ بِهِ, إنّي قَدْ جِئْتُكُمْ بِخَيْرِ الدُّنْيَا والآخِرَةِ, وَقَدْ أمَرَنِي الله أنْ أدْعُوكُمْ إلَيْهِ, فَأيُّكُمْ يُؤَازِرُني عَلى هَذَا الأمْرِ, عَلى أنْ يَكُونَ أخِي" وكَذَا وكَذَا؟ قال: فأحجم القوم عنها جميعا, وقلت وإني لأحدثهم سنا, وأرمصهم عينا, وأعظمهم بطنا, وأخمشهم ساقا. أنا يا نبيّ الله أكون وزيرك, فأخذ برقبتي, ثم قال: " إن هذا أخي" وكذا وكذا, " فاسمعوا له وأطيعوا ", قال: فقام القوم يضحكون, ويقولون لأبي طالب: قد أمرك أن تسمع لابنك وتطيع!. حدثنا ابن حميد, قال: ثنا سلمة, قال: ثني إسحاق, عن عمرو بن عبيد, عن الحسن بن أبي الحسن, قال: لما نـزلت هذه الآية على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: (وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الأَقْرَبِينَ) قام رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بالأبطح, ثم قال: " يا بَنِي عَبْدِ المُطَّلِبِ, يا بَنِي عَبْدِ مَناف, يا بَنِي قُصَيّ", قال: ثم فخَّذ قريشا قبيلة قبيلة, حتى مرّ على آخرهم," إنّي أدْعُوكُمْ إلى اللهِ, وأُنْذِرُكُمْ عَذَابَهُ". حدثني محمد بن سعد, قال: ثني أبي, قال: ثني عمي, قال: ثني أبي, عن أبيه, عن ابن عباس, قوله: (وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الأَقْرَبِينَ) قال: أمر محمد أن ينذر قومه, ويبدأ بأهل بيته وفصيلته, قال: وَكَذَّبَ بِهِ قَوْمُكَ وَهُوَ الْحَقُّ . حدثنا الحسن, قال: أخبرنا عبد الرزاق, قال: أخبرنا معمر, عن هشام بن عروة, عن أبيه, قال: ولما نـزلت: (وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الأَقْرَبِينَ) قال النبيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم: " يا فاطِمَةُ بِنْتَ مُحَمَّدٍ, يا صَفِيَّهُ بِنْتَ عَبْدِ المُطَّلِبِ, اتَّقُوا النَّارَ وَلَوْ بِشِقِّ تَمْرَةٍ". حُدثت عن الحسين, قال: سمعت أبا معاذ يقول: أخبرنا عبيد, قال: سمعت الضحاك يقول في قوله: (وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الأَقْرَبِينَ) بدأ بأهل بيته وفصيلته. حدثنا الحسن, قال: أخبرنا عبد الرزاق, قال: أخبرنا معمر, عن قتادة, قال: لما نـزلت: (وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الأَقْرَبِينَ) جمع النبيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم بني هاشم, فقال: " يا بني هاشم, ألا لا ألْفِيَنَّكُمْ تأْتُونِي تَحْمِلُونَ الدُّنْيَا, ويأتي النَّاسُ يَحْمِلُونَ الآخِرَةَ, ألا إنَّ أوْليائي مِنْكُمْ المُتَّقُونَ, فاتَّقُوا النَّارَ وَلَوْ بِشِقِّ تَمْرَةٍ". ------------------------ الهوامش : (2) يقال ربأ القوم يربؤهم، وربأ لهم إذا وقف على مكان عال، ونظر بعيدًا، يرقب عدوا أو جيشًا مغيرًا، أو نحو ذلك (3) في (اللسان: حذا): أعطيته حذية من لحم، وحذة وفلذة، كل هذا إذا قطع طولا. ا ه. وقيل: هي القطعة الصغيرة. (4) في (اللسان: هد) وفي الحديث "أن أبا لهب قال: لهد ما سحركم صاحبكم" قال لهد: كلمة يتعجب بها، يقال: لهد الرجل: أي ما أجلده. قلت: وهو كقولنا لشد ما قال فلان، أي ما أشد .