Tafseer of The Criterion · Al-Furqaan · 25:38
And [We destroyed] 'Aad and Thamud and the companions of the well and many generations between them.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
Allah — exalted be His praise — says: And We also destroyed ʿĀd and Thamūd and the people of the Rass (aṣḥāb al-rass).
The exegetes differed concerning the people of the Rass. Some said: the people of the Rass belonged to Thamūd.
Mention of who said that:
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: Al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, from Ibn Jurayj, who said: Ibn ʿAbbās said concerning وَأَصْحَابَ الرَّسِّ: "A village belonging to Thamūd."
Others said: It is a village in the Yamāma called al-Falj.
Mention of who said that:
Yūnus ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb related to us, saying: Jarīr ibn Ḥāzim related to us, saying: Qatāda said: The Rass is a village in the Yamāma called al-Falj.
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: Al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, saying: Ibn Jurayj said, ʿIkrima said: The people of the Rass are in Falj; they are the people of Yā-Sīn.
Others said: They are a people who buried their prophet in a well.
Mention of who said that:
Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, from Abū Bakr, from ʿIkrima, who said: The Rass was a well in which they buried their prophet.
Others said: It is a well that was called the Rass.
Mention of who said that:
Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: My father related to me, saying: My uncle related to me, saying: My father related to me, from his father, from Ibn ʿAbbās: وَأَصْحَابَ الرَّسِّ — he said: "It is a well that was called the Rass."
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmāra related to me, saying: ʿUbayd Allāh ibn Mūsā related to us, saying: Isrāʾīl informed us, from Abū Yaḥyā, from Mujāhid, concerning the words وَأَصْحَابَ الرَّسِّ — he said: "The Rass is a well upon which a people lived."
Abū Jaʿfar said: The correct view in this matter is that of those who said that they were a people who lived by a well, because the rass in Arabic stands for everything that is dug, such as a well, a grave, and the like. The testimony of this is the verse of the poet:
You went forth as a scout for a sluggish, listless band — little people who dug out the rissās.
By this he means: they dig out the mines. I know of no people for whom a story exists on the basis of a digging, which Allah mentions in His Book, except the people of the Trench (aṣḥāb al-ukhdūd). If they are the ones intended by وَأَصْحَابَ الرَّسِّ, we shall mention their story when we reach — if Allah wills — the sura al-Burūj. And if they are others, then we know of no report about them, except the general transmission that they were a people who buried their prophet in a digging.
With the exception of what Ibn Ḥumayd related to us: he said: Salama related to us, from Ibn Isḥāq, from Muḥammad ibn Kaʿb al-Quraẓī, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "The first human being to enter Paradise (janna) on the Day of Resurrection is the black slave (al-ʿabd al-aswad)." This is because Allah — exalted and blessed be He — sent a prophet to the inhabitants of a village, and none of them believed except that black slave. Then the inhabitants of the village turned against the prophet — peace be upon him — dug a well for him and cast him into it; then they laid a great stone upon him. That slave used to go and gather firewood on his back, sell it, and with it buy food and drink; then he would bring this to the well, lift the stone — Allah helping him in that — and lower the food and drink down to him; then he would put the stone back as it was. Thus it remained as long as Allah willed. One day he went to gather firewood as was his custom, collected his bundle and bound it; when he wished to lift it, drowsiness overcame him and he lay down and slept. Allah made him sleep for seven years. Then he awoke with a start, stretched himself and turned onto his other side; he slept and Allah again made him sleep for seven years. Then he awoke with a start, took his bundle — and he thought he had slept only an hour of the day — and went to the village to sell his bundle; he bought food and drink as was his custom, and then made his way to the place where the well was. But he did not find it, because his people had changed their view about the prophet: they had taken him out, believed in him, and confirmed him. The prophet — peace be upon him — kept asking them about that black slave and what had become of him; they kept saying: "We do not know" — until Allah took the prophet to Himself. Allah thereafter roused the black slave from his sleep, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "That black slave shall be the first to enter Paradise." Muḥammad ibn Kaʿb, however, mentions in this transmission — on the authority of the Prophet ﷺ — that they believed in the prophet and took him out of his digging. Therefore this people cannot be those intended by وَأَصْحَابَ الرَّسِّ, for Allah reported that He destroyed the people of the Rass with total destruction — unless they, after their prophet whom they had taken out and in whom they had believed, committed fresh misdeeds, and that as such is a possibility.
وَقُرُونًا بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ كَثِيرًا — He says: And between the ranks of these peoples whom We have named to you We destroyed many other peoples.
As al-Ḥasan ibn Shubayyib related to us: he said: Khalaf ibn Khalīfa related to us, from Jaʿfar ibn ʿAlī ibn Abī Rāfiʿ, freedman of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, who said: "I left behind in Medina my uncle — among those who gave fatwās there — who held the opinion that a generation (qarn) amounts to seventy years." His uncle was ʿUbayd Allāh ibn Abī Rāfiʿ, the secretary of ʿAlī — may Allah be pleased with him.
ʿAmr ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd related to us, saying: Ḥafṣ ibn Ghiyāth related to us, from al-Ḥajjāj, from al-Ḥakam, from Ibrāhīm, who said: A generation is forty years.