Tafseer of The Believers · Al-Muminoon · 23:100
That I might do righteousness in that which I left behind." No! It is only a word he is saying; and behind them is a barrier until the Day they are resurrected.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
لَعَلِّي أَعْمَلُ صَالِحًا ("that I may act righteously") — He says: that I may act righteously in what I left undone and neglected of good deeds, and fell short in.
In the same sense as what we have said, the exegetes spoke.
Mention of those who said that: al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Abī Maʿshar — he said: "Muḥammad ibn Kaʿb al-Quraẓī recited to us: حَتَّى إِذَا جَاءَ أَحَدَهُمُ الْمَوْتُ قَالَ رَبِّ ارْجِعُونِ ('until, when death comes to one of them, he says: My Lord, send me back'). Muḥammad said: Where does he wish to return to? What does he long for? To amass wealth, or plant trees, or erect buildings, or dig rivers? لَعَلِّي أَعْمَلُ صَالِحًا فِيمَا تَرَكْتُ ('that I may act righteously in what I have left undone'). The Almighty says: By no means."
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His word رَبِّ ارْجِعُونِ — he said: "This concerns the worldly life. Do you not see that He says: حَتَّى إِذَا جَاءَ أَحَدَهُمُ الْمَوْتُ ('until, when death comes to one of them') — when the worldly life ends and the Hereafter draws near, before he tastes death."
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj — he said: the Prophet ﷺ said to ʿĀʾisha: "When the believer beholds the angels, they say: Shall we send you back to the worldly life? And he says: To an abode of cares and sorrows? And he says: No — send me forward to Allah. But the unbeliever — he is asked: Shall we send you back? And he says: لَعَلِّي أَعْمَلُ صَالِحًا فِيمَا تَرَكْتُ ..." the verse.
It was related to me from al-Ḥusayn, who said: I heard Abā Muʿādh say: ʿUbayd informed us, saying: I heard al-Ḍaḥḥāk say concerning His word حَتَّى إِذَا جَاءَ أَحَدَهُمُ الْمَوْتُ قَالَ رَبِّ ارْجِعُونِ — he said: it concerns the people of shirk (the ascribing of associates to Allah). And it says: "My Lord, send me back" — the wording began with the form of address to Allah, exalted be His mention, and then it says: "send me back" — from which the plural form appears, even though Allah, exalted be His mention, is One. The reason for this is that their supplication for return to the worldly life was directed to the angels who take their souls, as Ibn Jurayj mentioned that the Prophet ﷺ said. For the wording began with the form of address to Allah, exalted be His praise, because they implored Him for help. Then they returned to imploring the angels for return and sending back to the worldly life.
Some of the grammarians of Kufa said: it was said thus because it corresponded to Allah's description of Himself — as in وَقَدْ خَلَقْتُكَ مِنْ قَبْلُ وَلَمْ تَكُ شَيْئًا ("And I created you before, when you were nothing") — in several places in the Qurʾān, and this verse followed this pattern.
His word كَلا ("By no means") — Allah, exalted be His mention, says: it is not as this polytheist said; he will not be sent back to the worldly life nor returned to it. كَلا إِنَّهَا كَلِمَةٌ هُوَ قَائِلُهَا ("By no means, it is but a word that he speaks") — He says: this word — that is, his word (رَبِّ ارْجِعُونِ — "My Lord, send me back") — is a word that he speaks. He says: this polytheist is the one who speaks it.
As Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His word كَلا إِنَّهَا كَلِمَةٌ هُوَ قَائِلُهَا : "it is inevitable that he says it."
And His word وَمِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ بَرْزَخٌ ("And before them is a barrier (barzakh)") — He says: and before them is a partition that stands between them and the return — what is meant is: until the day they are raised from their graves, that is the Day of Resurrection. And al-barzakh (barrier), al-ḥājiz (partition), and al-muhla (respite) are close to one another in meaning.
In the same sense as what we have said, the exegetes spoke.
Mention of those who said that: Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning وَمِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ بَرْزَخٌ إِلَى يَوْمِ يُبْعَثُونَ ("And before them is a barrier until the day they are raised") — he says: "A term until an appointed time."
Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Ibn Yamān related to us, on the authority of Ashʿath, on the authority of Jaʿfar, on the authority of Saʿīd, concerning His word وَمِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ بَرْزَخٌ — he said: "what is after death."
Abū Ḥumayd al-Ḥimṣī Aḥmad ibn al-Mughīra related to me, saying: Abū Ḥaywa Shurayḥ ibn Yazīd related to us, saying: Arṭāʾa related to us, on the authority of Abī Yūsuf — he said: I went with Abū Umāma to accompany a funeral. When he was lowered into the grave-pit, Abū Umāma said: "This is the barzakh until the day they are raised."
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Yaḥyā ibn Wāḍiḥ related to us, saying: Maṭar related to us, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His word وَمِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ بَرْزَخٌ إِلَى يَوْمِ يُبْعَثُونَ — he said: "what is between death and the resurrection."
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning the word of Allah: بَرْزَخٌ إِلَى يَوْمِ يُبْعَثُونَ — he said: "a partition between the deceased and the return to the worldly life."
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid — the same.
Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning وَمِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ بَرْزَخٌ إِلَى يَوْمِ يُبْعَثُونَ — he said: "the barzakh is the remainder of the worldly life."
Al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of Qatāda — the same.
Yūnus related to us, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His word وَمِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ بَرْزَخٌ إِلَى يَوْمِ يُبْعَثُونَ — he said: "the barzakh is what is between death and the resurrection."
It was related to me from al-Ḥusayn, who said: I heard Abā Muʿādh say: ʿUbayd informed us, saying: I heard al-Ḍaḥḥāk say: "The barzakh is what is between the worldly life and the Hereafter."