Tafseer of The Pilgrimage · Al-Hajj · 22:78
And strive for Allah with the striving due to Him. He has chosen you and has not placed upon you in the religion any difficulty. [It is] the religion of your father, Abraham. Allah named you "Muslims" before [in former scriptures] and in this [revelation] that the Messenger may be a witness over you and you may be witnesses over the people. So establish prayer and give zakah and hold fast to Allah. He is your protector; and excellent is the protector, and excellent is the helper.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The explanation of the word of Allah, the Exalted: وَجَاهِدُوا فِي اللَّهِ حَقَّ جِهَادِهِ هُوَ اجْتَبَاكُمْ وَمَا جَعَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ مِنْ حَرَجٍ مِلَّةَ أَبِيكُمْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ هُوَ سَمَّاكُمُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِنْ قَبْلُ وَفِي هَذَا لِيَكُونَ الرَّسُولُ شَهِيدًا عَلَيْكُمْ وَتَكُونُوا شُهَدَاءَ عَلَى النَّاسِ ("And strive (jihād) for Allah's sake as striving (jihād) ought to be done. He has chosen you and has laid upon you no constraint in religion — the creed of your father Ibrāhīm. He has named you Muslims beforehand and also in this [Book], so that the Messenger may be a witness over you and that you may be witnesses over mankind")
The exegetes differed concerning the explanation of His word وَجَاهِدُوا فِي اللَّهِ حَقَّ جِهَادِهِ ("And strive (jihād) for Allah's sake as striving (jihād) ought to be done"). Some said: the meaning is: wage armed combat (qitāl) against the polytheists in the way of Allah, as jihād ought to be waged.
Mention of those who said that: Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Sulaymān ibn Bilāl informed me, on the authority of Thawr ibn Zayd, on the authority of ʿAbdullāh ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word وَجَاهِدُوا فِي اللَّهِ حَقَّ جِهَادِهِ : "as you fought the first time." Whereupon ʿUmar asked about whom he commanded jihād against — he said: "Two clans of Quraysh: Makhzūm and ʿAbd Shams." ʿUmar said: "You are right."
Others said: rather, its meaning is: fear, for Allah's sake, the reproach of no reproacher. They said: for that is the real jihād.
Mention of those who said that: Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj — he said: Ibn ʿAbbās said concerning His word وَجَاهِدُوا فِي اللَّهِ حَقَّ جِهَادِهِ : "Fear, for Allah's sake, the reproach of no reproacher."
Others said: its meaning is: act according to the truth as acting according to the truth ought to be. This is an opinion reported by some on the authority of al-Ḍaḥḥāk, but in whose transmission there is doubt.
The correct opinion concerning this is the view of those who said: what is intended is jihād in the way of Allah — for the known meaning of jihād is precisely that, and it is the most current usage in the expression "I strove for Allah's sake." And the real jihād is the exertion of all one's strength in it. His word (هُوَ اجْتَبَاكُمْ — "He has chosen you") — He says: He has chosen you for His religion, selected you for the fight against His enemies and for jihād in His way.
Ibn Zayd said concerning that, as Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His word (هُوَ اجْتَبَاكُمْ): "He has guided you."
And His word وَمَا جَعَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ مِنْ حَرَجٍ ("And has laid upon you no constraint in religion") — Allah, exalted is His mention, says: Your Lord has laid upon you, in the religion by which He commanded you to serve Him, no narrowness for which you have no way out in what you are tried with therein. Rather, He has made it spacious for you: for some [sins] He has appointed repentance (al-tawba) as a way out, for others expiation (al-kaffāra), for others retaliation (al-qiṣāṣ). There is no sin a believer commits but that there is for him in Islam a way out.
In the same sense as we have said the exegetes spoke.
Mention of those who said that: Yūnus ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd informed me, on the authority of Ibn Shihāb — he said: ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān asked ʿAlī ibn ʿAbdullāh ibn ʿAbbās about this verse وَمَا جَعَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ مِنْ حَرَجٍ . ʿAlī ibn ʿAbdullāh said: "The ḥaraj is narrowness. Allah appointed the expiations as a way out from it." I heard Ibn ʿAbbās say that.
He said: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Sufyān ibn ʿUyayna related to me, on the authority of ʿUbaydullāh ibn Abī Yazīd — he said: I heard Ibn ʿAbbās being asked about وَمَا جَعَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ مِنْ حَرَجٍ . He said: "Is there anyone here from the tribe of Hudhayl?" A man said: "Yes." He said: "What do you understand by al-ḥaraja?" The man said: "Something narrow." Ibn ʿAbbās said: "So it is here too."
Al-Ḥasan ibn Yaḥyā related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, on the authority of Ibn ʿUyayna, on the authority of ʿUbaydullāh ibn Abī Yazīd — he said: I heard Ibn ʿAbbās — and he mentioned something similar, except that he said: Ibn ʿAbbās asked: "Is there anyone here from the tribe of Hudhayl?" And a man said: "I am here." He also asked: "What do you understand by al-ḥaraj?" — and the rest of the report is the same.
ʿImrān ibn Bakkār al-Kilāʿī related to me, saying: Yaḥyā ibn Ṣāliḥ related to us, saying: Yaḥyā ibn Ḥamza related to us, on the authority of al-Ḥakam ibn ʿAbdullāh — he said: I heard al-Qāsim ibn Muḥammad relate, on the authority of ʿĀʾisha — she said: I asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about this verse وَمَا جَعَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ مِنْ حَرَجٍ — he said: "It is narrowness."
Ḥumayd ibn Masʿada related to us, saying: Yazīd ibn Zurayʿ related to us, saying: Abū Khalda related to us — he said: Abū al-ʿĀliya said to me: "Do you know what al-ḥaraj is?" I said: "No." He said: "Narrowness." And he recited this verse: وَمَا جَعَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ مِنْ حَرَجٍ .
Muḥammad ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: Ḥammād ibn Saʿada related to us, on the authority of ʿAwf, on the authority of al-Ḥasan, concerning His word وَمَا جَعَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ مِنْ حَرَجٍ — he said: "No narrowness."
ʿAmr ibn Bundoq related to us, saying: Marwān ibn Muʿāwiya related to us, on the authority of Abī Khalda — he said: Abū al-ʿĀliya said to me: "Do you know what al-ḥaraj is?" I said: "No." He said: "Narrowness. Indeed, Allah has not constrained you; He has laid upon you no narrowness in religion."
Yaʿqūb related to me, saying: Ibn ʿUlayya related to us, on the authority of Ibn ʿAwn, on the authority of al-Qāsim, that he recited this verse وَمَا جَعَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ مِنْ حَرَجٍ — he said: "Do you know what al-ḥaraj is?" He said: "Narrowness."
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Yūnus ibn Abī Isḥāq, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās — he said: "When something of the Qurʾān is difficult for you to understand, then seek it in poetry. Indeed, poetry is Arabic." Then Ibn ʿAbbās summoned an Arab and asked: "What is al-ḥaraj?" The Arab said: "Narrowness." He said: "You are right."
Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning فِي الدِّينِ مِنْ حَرَجٍ — he said: "No narrowness."
Al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of Qatāda — the same.
Others said: the meaning of وَمَا جَعَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ مِنْ حَرَجٍ is: no narrowness in the times of your obligatory prayers when they are unclear to you — rather He has made it spacious for you until you know with certainty their appointed time.
Mention of those who said that: Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Jarīr related to us, on the authority of Mughīra, on the authority of ʿUthmān ibn Bashshār, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word وَمَا جَعَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ مِنْ حَرَجٍ — he said: "This concerns the new moon of Ramaḍān when people are in doubt about it, and the ḥajj when they are in doubt about the new moon, and the Feast of Fiṭr and the Feast of Sacrifice when they are unclear, and the like."
Others said: rather, the meaning is: there is in Islam no narrowness — rather He has made it spacious.
Mention of those who said that: Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word وَمَا جَعَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ مِنْ حَرَجٍ — he said: "He has laid upon you in Islam no narrowness. It is spacious, as in His word in al-Anʿām: فَمَنْ يُرِدِ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَهدِيَهُ يَشْرَحْ صَدْرَهُ لِلإِسْلامِ وَمَنْ يُرِدْ أَنْ يُضِلَّهُ يَجْعَلْ صَدْرَهُ ضَيِّقًا حَرَجًا — He says: whomever He wishes to lead astray, He makes his breast narrow so that Islam becomes narrow for him, but Islam is spacious."
It was related to me from al-Ḥusayn, who said: I heard Abā Muʿādh say: ʿUbayd informed us, saying: I heard al-Ḍaḥḥāk say concerning His word وَمَا جَعَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ مِنْ حَرَجٍ — he said: "No narrowness." He says: the religion has been made spacious and not narrow.
And His word مِلَّةَ أَبِيكُمْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ("the creed of your father Ibrāhīm") — milla is in the accusative with the meaning: and has laid upon him no narrowness, but rather made it spacious for him, like the creed of your father. Since no kāf was attached to it, it became connected to the verb that precedes it and was put in the accusative. It is also defensible that it stands in the accusative as an imperative form, because the words before it are also a command, as though it were said: bow down, prostrate yourselves, and hold fast to the creed of your father Ibrāhīm.
And His word (هُوَ سَمَّاكُمُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِنْ قَبْلُ وَفِي هَذَا — "He has named you Muslims beforehand and also in this [Book]") — Allah, exalted is His mention, says: He named you, O community of those who believed in Muḥammad ﷺ, Muslims beforehand.
In the same sense as we have said the exegetes spoke.
Mention of those who said that: ʿAlī related to me, saying: ʿAbdullāh related to us, saying: Muʿāwiya related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word هُوَ سَمَّاكُمُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ — he says: "Allah named you."
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj — he said: ʿAṭāʾ ibn Abī Rabāḥ informed me, that he heard Ibn ʿAbbās say: "Allah named you Muslims beforehand."
Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda; and al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us — both on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning هُوَ سَمَّاكُمُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ — he said: "Allah named you Muslims beforehand."
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His word هُوَ سَمَّاكُمُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ — he said: "Allah named you."
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid — the same.
It was related to me from al-Ḥusayn, who said: I heard Abā Muʿādh say: ʿUbayd informed us, saying: I heard al-Ḍaḥḥāk say concerning His word هُوَ سَمَّاكُمُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِنْ قَبْلُ — he says: "Allah named you Muslims."
Others said: rather, the meaning is: Ibrāhīm named you Muslims. They said: it is a reference back to the mention of Ibrāhīm ﷺ.
Mention of those who said that: Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning هُوَ سَمَّاكُمُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ : "Do you not see the word of Ibrāhīm: وَاجْعَلْنَا مُسْلِمَيْنِ لَكَ وَمِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِنَا أُمَّةً مُسْلِمَةً لَكَ ('And make us submissive to You and make of our offspring a community submissive to You')? This is the word of Ibrāhīm: هُوَ سَمَّاكُمُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ." And he added: "Allah named this community with believers and Muslims together, but we never heard of a community designated merely with 'believers.'"
There is, however, no basis for what Ibn Zayd said, for it is known that Ibrāhīm did not name the community of Muḥammad Muslims in the Qurʾān — for the Qurʾān was only sent down after him, after a long span of time. And Allah said هُوَ سَمَّاكُمُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِنْ قَبْلُ وَفِي هَذَا . But the one who named us Muslims before the revelation of the Qurʾān and also in the Qurʾān is Allah, who ever was and ever shall be. As for (مِنْ قَبْلُ — "beforehand"): the meaning is: before the descent of this Qurʾān, in the Books that were sent down before it. And (وَفِي هَذَا — "and in this [Book]") — He says: and in this Book.
In the same sense as we have said the exegetes spoke.
Mention of those who said that: Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His word هُوَ سَمَّاكُمُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِنْ قَبْلُ : "and in this Qurʾān."
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me — he said: Ibn Jurayj said, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning (مِنْ قَبْلُ): "In all the Books and the Remembrance (al-Dhikr)." And (وَفِي هَذَا — "and in this") — he means: the Qurʾān.
And His word لِيَكُونَ الرَّسُولُ شَهِيدًا عَلَيْكُمْ وَتَكُونُوا شُهَدَاءَ عَلَى النَّاسِ ("so that the Messenger may be a witness over you and that you may be witnesses over mankind") — Allah, exalted is His mention, says: Allah has chosen you and named you, O believers in Allah and His signs from the community of Muḥammad ﷺ, Muslims, so that Muḥammad, the Messenger of Allah, may on the Day of Resurrection be a witness over you — that he conveyed to you what was sent with him to you — and so that you may then be witnesses over all the messengers, that they conveyed to their communities what was sent with them to them.
In the same sense as we have said the exegetes spoke.
Mention of those who said that: Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning هُوَ سَمَّاكُمُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِنْ قَبْلُ — he said: "Allah named you Muslims beforehand." وَفِي هَذَا لِيَكُونَ الرَّسُولُ شَهِيدًا عَلَيْكُمْ — "that he conveyed to you." وَتَكُونُوا شُهَدَاءَ عَلَى النَّاسِ — "that their messengers conveyed to them." And from him, on the authority of Qatāda, who said: "To this community has been given what was given only to a prophet. To a prophet it was said: go, there is no constraint upon you. And Allah said: وَمَا جَعَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ مِنْ حَرَجٍ . And to the Prophet ﷺ it was said: you are a witness over your community. And Allah said: لِتَكُونُوا شُهَدَاءَ عَلَى النَّاسِ . And to the Prophet ﷺ it was said: ask and you shall be given. And Allah said: ادْعُونِي أَسْتَجِبْ لَكُمْ ('Call upon Me and I shall answer you')."
Al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of Qatāda — he said: "To this community three things have been given that were given only to a prophet. To the Prophet ﷺ it was said: go, there is no constraint upon you. And Allah said: وَمَا جَعَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ مِنْ حَرَجٍ . And to the Prophet ﷺ it was said: you are a witness over your community. And Allah said: لِتَكُونُوا شُهَدَاءَ عَلَى النَّاسِ . And to the Prophet ﷺ it was said: ask and you shall be given. And Allah said: ادْعُونِي أَسْتَجِبْ لَكُمْ ."
The explanation of the word of Allah, the Exalted: فَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ وَاعْتَصِمُوا بِاللَّهِ هُوَ مَوْلاكُمْ فَنِعْمَ الْمَوْلَى وَنِعْمَ النَّصِيرُ ("So establish the prayer and give the obligatory alms and hold fast to Allah. He is your Protector — what an excellent Protector and what an excellent Helper")
Allah, exalted is His mention, means by His word فَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ — He says: render the obligatory prayer (ṣalāh) that Allah has imposed upon you fully, with all its limits, and give the obligatory alms (zakāh) due upon your wealth. وَاعْتَصَمُوا بِاللَّهِ ("And hold fast to Allah") — He says: rely upon Allah and place your trust in Him in your affairs. فَنِعْمَ المَوْلَى ("What an excellent Protector") — He says: Allah is the excellent Friend to whoever among you does that: establishes the prayer, gives the alms, wages jihād in the way of Allah as it ought to be, and holds fast to Him. وَنِعْمَ النَّصِيرُ ("And what an excellent Helper") — He says: and the excellent Helper is He for him, against whoever does him harm.