Tabari (1 passage)

1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

   And His word (We made Sulaymān understand it): that is to say: We made Sulaymān understand the ruling in that matter — above Dāwūd — (and to each We gave judgment and knowledge): that is to say: and to each of them — Dāwūd, Sulaymān, and the messengers whom He mentioned at the beginning of this surah — We gave judgment (ḥukman), that is, prophethood, and knowledge — that is to say: knowledge of the judgments of Allah.

   The exegetes said something that corresponds to what we have said here.

   We mention who said that:

   Abū Kurayb and Hārūn ibn Idrīs al-Aṣamm related to us, they said: al-Muḥāribī related to us, on the authority of Ashjath, on the authority of Abū Isḥāq, on the authority of Murra, on the authority of Ibn Masʿūd, concerning His word (and Dāwūd and Sulaymān when they judge concerning the crop, when the sheep of the people grazed in it by night): he said: a vineyard that had formed its clusters and which the sheep had ruined. He said: Dāwūd judged that the sheep belonged to the owner of the vineyard; whereupon Sulaymān said: this is a different judgment, O prophet of Allah. He said: how so? He said: give the vineyard to the owner of the sheep so that he tends it until it is restored as it was, and give the sheep to the owner of the vineyard so that he profits from them — until when the vineyard is as it was, the vineyard is returned to its owner and the sheep are returned to their owner. And that is His word (We made Sulaymān understand it).

   Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, he said: my father related to me, he said: my uncle related to me, he said: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word (and Dāwūd and Sulaymān when they judge concerning the crop) — up to His word (and We were witnesses to their judgment): he says: We were witness to what the two of them judged. And that was: two men came to Dāwūd, the one the owner of the crop and the other the owner of sheep; the owner of the crop said: this man let his sheep loose on my crop and left nothing of it. Dāwūd said to him: go — all the sheep are yours. And with that judgment Dāwūd judged. The owner of the sheep passed by Sulaymān and told him what Dāwūd had judged; Sulaymān went in to Dāwūd and said: O prophet of Allah, the judgment is other than what you have judged. He said: how so? Sulaymān said: the crop — its owner is not unaware of what it yields each year in produce; let the owner of the sheep pay him from their young, their wool, and their hair until he has compensated the value of the crop — for sheep have young each year. Whereupon Dāwūd said: you are right; the judgment is as you have judged; and Allah made Sulaymān understand it.

   Al-Qāsim related to us, he said: al-Ḥusayn related to us, he said: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of ʿAlī ibn Zayd, who said: Khalīfa related to me, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: Dāwūd judged that the sheep fell to the owners of the crop; the shepherds departed leading the dogs along, and Sulaymān said: how did you judge? They told him, and he said: had I been concerned with your case, I would have judged otherwise. That was told to Dāwūd; he summoned him and asked: how would you judge? He said: give the sheep to the owners of the crop; they get their young, their milk, their butter, and their benefits; and the owners of the sheep cultivate the crop for the owners of the crop; when the crop has reached the state it was in on the night your sheep grazed in it, then give the crop back to its owners, and take back your sheep.

   Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, he said: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, he said: ʿĪsā related to us, he said: Ibn Abī Najīḥ related to us, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning the word of Allah (when the sheep of the people grazed in it by night): he said: Dāwūd gave the sheep entirely to the owner of the crop, and Sulaymān judged that the shearings and the milk of the sheep were for the owners of the crop, and that upon the owners of the sheep rests the tending of it for the owners of the crop, and that the owners of the sheep cultivate the crop for the owners of the crop until the crop is as it was on the day it was eaten; then they give the crop back to its owners and take their sheep.

   Al-Ḥārith related to me, he said: al-Ḥasan related to us, he said: Warqāʾ related to me, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid — to the same effect.

   Al-Qāsim related to us, he said: al-Ḥusayn related to us, he said: Ḥajjāj related to me — to the same effect, except that he said: and upon them rests the guarding of it.

   Ibn Bashshār related to us, he said: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān related to us, he said: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of Ibn Isḥāq, on the authority of Murra, concerning His word (when the sheep of the people grazed in it by night): he said: the crop was young plants; the sheep grazed in it by night and the people disputed over it before Dāwūd; he judged that the sheep fell to the owners of the crop. They passed by Sulaymān and told him that; he said: do not give away the sheep, but let them — that is, the owners of the crop — profit from them; these — that is, the owners of the sheep — tend their crop; when the crop is as it was, they give it back to its owners; and then the verse came down: (We made Sulaymān understand it).

   Tamīm ibn al-Muntaṣir related to us, he said: Isḥāq informed us, on the authority of Sharīk, on the authority of Abū Isḥāq, on the authority of Masrūq, on the authority of Shurayḥ, concerning His word (when the sheep of the people grazed in it by night): he said: the grazing was by night and the crop was a vineyard. He said: Dāwūd assigned the sheep to the owner of the vineyard; whereupon Sulaymān said: the owner of the vineyard still has the original ground and the original stock; let him have the wool and the milk. He said: and that is the word of Allah (We made Sulaymān understand it).

   Ibn Abī Ziyād related to us, he said: Yazīd ibn Hārūn related to us, he said: Ismāʿīl informed us, on the authority of ʿĀmir, who said: two men came to Shurayḥ; the one said: the sheep of this man have gnawed at woolen yarn of mine. Shurayḥ said: was it by day or by night? He said: if it was by day, the owner of the sheep is exempt; and if it was by night, he is liable; then he recited (and Dāwūd and Sulaymān when they judge concerning the crop, when the sheep of the people grazed in it by night): he said: the grazing (al-nafsh) was by night.

   Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, he said: Ḥakkām related to us, he said: Ismāʿīl ibn Abī Khālid related to us, on the authority of ʿĀmir, on the authority of Shurayḥ — to the same effect.

   Yaʿqūb related to me, he said: Hushaym related to us, he said: Ismāʿīl ibn Abī Khālid informed us, on the authority of al-Shaʿbī, on the authority of Shurayḥ — to the same effect.

   Bishr related to us, he said: Yazīd related to us, he said: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word (and Dāwūd and Sulaymān when they judge concerning the crop) — the verse: the grazing by night, and the al-hamal by day.

   It has been related to us that the sheep of a people got into the crop by night; this was brought before Dāwūd and he judged that the sheep fell to the owners of the crop; Sulaymān said: that is not what is correct; rather they get its young, the milk, the cheese (al-rasl), the recovery, and the shearings (al-juzāz), until when the crop is the following year as it was, the sheep are given back to the owner and the owner of the crop receives his crop. Whereupon Allah said: (We made Sulaymān understand it).

   Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, he said: Ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda and al-Zuhrī, concerning (when the sheep of the people grazed in it by night): he said: the sheep of a flock got into the crop of a people by night; al-Zuhrī said: the nocturnal grazing (al-nafsh) occurs only by night; Dāwūd judged that the sheep be taken; Allah made Sulaymān understand it; and when they told him the judgment of Dāwūd, he said: no, but take the sheep — and you have what comes from them of milk and young and wool up to the year.

   Al-Ḥasan related to us, he said: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word (when the sheep of the people grazed in it by night): in the crop of a people. Maʿmar said: al-Zuhrī said: the nocturnal grazing occurs only by night, and al-hamal by day. Qatāda said: it was judged that the sheep be taken; Allah made Sulaymān understand it; then he mentioned the rest of the story to the same effect as the narration of ʿAbd al-Aʿlā.

   Yūnus related to me, he said: Ibn Wahb informed us, he said: Ibn Zayd said concerning His word (and Dāwūd and Sulaymān when they judge concerning the crop, when the sheep of the people grazed in it by night) — the two verses: the sheep of a man strayed out onto the crop of a man and ate it; he went to Dāwūd; Dāwūd assigned the sheep to the owner of the crop for what they had eaten — and he was of the view that this was the proper course. The owner of the sheep passed by Sulaymān and Sulaymān said: what did the prophet of Allah judge between the two of you? They told him; he said: may I not judge between the two of you? Perhaps you will be content with it; they said: yes. He said: you, owner of the crop — take the sheep of this man and be with them as their owner was, profit from their milk and cheese and so forth; and you, owner of the sheep — cultivate the crop of this man until when your crop is as it was on the night your sheep grazed in it, then give the crop back to its owner and take your sheep; and that is the word of Allah the Blessed and Exalted (and Dāwūd and Sulaymān when they judge concerning the crop) — and he recited on up to His word (judgment and knowledge).

   Al-Qāsim related to us, he said: al-Ḥusayn related to us, he said: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of ʿAṭāʾ al-Khurāsānī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word (when the sheep of the people grazed in it by night): he said: they pastured.

   Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, he said: Salama related to us, on the authority of Ibn Isḥāq, who said: the nocturnal grazing (al-nafsh) is pasturing by night.

   He said: Salama related to us, on the authority of Ibn Isḥāq, on the authority of al-Zuhrī, on the authority of Ḥarām ibn Muḥayṣa ibn Masʿūd, who said: "a camel of al-Barāʾ ibn ʿĀzib entered a garden belonging to one of the Anṣār and ruined it; this was brought before the Prophet ﷺ, whereupon he recited (the ayah): (when the sheep of the people grazed in it by night), and he ruled against al-Barāʾ for what the camel had ruined, and said: upon the owners of livestock rests the duty to guard the livestock by night, and upon the owners of the gardens rests the duty to guard their gardens by day."

   Al-Zuhrī said: and the judgment of Dāwūd and Sulaymān concerning it was: a man whose livestock entered the crop of a man by night and ruined it — and the nocturnal grazing occurs only by night; they went together to Dāwūd; he judged that the sheep of the owner of the sheep fell to the owner of the crop; they departed and passed by Sulaymān; he asked: with what did the prophet of Allah judge between the two of you? They said: he judged that the sheep fell to the owner of the crop. He said: the judgment is perhaps on a different basis — come with me; he went to his father Dāwūd and said: O prophet of Allah, did you judge that the sheep of this man fell to the owner of the crop? He said: yes. He said: O prophet of Allah, the judgment is perhaps on a different basis. He said: how so, my son? He said: give the sheep to the owner of the crop, so that he profits from their milk, their fat, and their wool; and give the crop to the owner of the sheep so that he tends it; when the crop is restored to the state in which the sheep found it, then give the sheep back to the owner of the sheep and give the crop back to the owner of the crop. Dāwūd said: may Allah not close your mouth; and he judged in accordance with what Sulaymān had judged. Al-Zuhrī said: and that is His word (and Dāwūd and Sulaymān when they judge concerning the crop) — up to His word (judgment and knowledge).

   Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, he said: Salama and ʿAlī ibn Mujāhid, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq, who said: someone related to me that he had heard al-Ḥasan say: the judgment was in accordance with what Sulaymān had judged, and Allah did not blame Dāwūd for his judgment.

   And His word (and We subjected to Dāwūd the mountains; they glorify (God), and the birds): Allah the Exalted says: and We subjected the mountains to him along with Dāwūd, and the birds glorify God together with him when he glorifies God.

   And Qatāda used to say concerning the meaning of His word (they glorify God) in this verse what Bishr related to us, he said: Yazīd related to us, he said: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word (and We subjected to Dāwūd the mountains; they glorify God, and the birds): that is to say they pray (yuṣallīna) together with Dāwūd when he prays.

   And His word (and We were the ones who did that) means: and We had already decreed that We would do that, and that We would subject the mountains and the birds to Dāwūd ﷺ, in the supreme Book (Umm al-Kitāb).

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   وقوله (فَفهَّمْناها) يقول: ففهَّمنا القضية في ذلك (سُلَيْمانَ) دون داود ، ( وَكُلا آتَيْنَا حُكْمًا وَعِلْمًا ) يقول: وكلهم من داود وسليمان والرسل الذين ذكرهم في أوّل هذه السورة آتينا حكما وهو النبوة، وعلما: يعني وعلما بأحكام الله. وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك، قال أهل التأويل. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثنا أبو كريب وهارون بن إدريس الأصمّ قالا ثنا المحاربيّ، عن أشعث، عن أبي إسحاق، عن مرّة، عن ابن مسعود، في قوله ( وَدَاوُدَ وَسُلَيْمَانَ إِذْ يَحْكُمَانِ فِي الْحَرْثِ إِذْ نَفَشَتْ فِيهِ غَنَمُ الْقَوْمِ ) قال: كرم قد أنبت عناقيده فأفسدته، قال: فقضى داود بالغنم لصاحب الكرم، فقال سليمان غير هذا يا نبيّ الله، قال: وما ذاك؟ قال: يدفع الكرم إلى صاحب الغنم فيقوم عليه حتى يعود كما كان، وتدفع الغنم إلى صاحب الكرم فيصيب منها، حتى إذا كان الكرم كما كان دَفعت الكرم إلى صاحبه، ودَفعت الغنم إلى صاحبها، فذلك قوله ( فَفَهَّمْنَاهَا سُلَيْمَانَ ). حدثني محمد بن سعد، قال: ثني أبي، قال: ثني عمي، قال: ثني أبي، عن أبيه، عن ابن عباس، قوله ( وَدَاوُدَ وَسُلَيْمَانَ إِذْ يَحْكُمَانِ فِي الْحَرْثِ )... إلى قوله ( وَكُنَّا لِحُكْمِهِمْ شَاهِدِينَ ) يقول: كنا لما حكما شاهدين، وذلك أن رجلين دخلا على داود، أحدهما صاحب حرث والآخر صاحب غنم، فقال صاحب الحرث: إن هذا أرسل غنمه في حرثي، فلم يُبق من حرثي شيئا، فقال له داود: اذهب فإن الغنم كلها لك، فقضى بذلك داود، ومرّ صاحب الغنم بسليمان، فأخبره بالذي قضى به داود، فدخل سليمان على داود فقالا يا نبيّ الله إن القضاء سوى الذي قضيت، فقال: كيف؟ قال سليمان: إن الحرث لا يخفى على صاحبه ما يخرج منه في كل عام، فله من صاحب الغنم أن يبيع من أولادها وأصوافها وأشعارها حتى يستوفي ثمن الحرث، فإن الغنم لها نسل في كلّ عام، فقال داود: قد أصبت، القضاء كما قضيت، ففهَّمها الله سليمان. حدثنا القاسم، قال: ثنا الحسين، قال: ثني حجاج، عن ابن جُرَيج، عن علي بن زيد، قال: ثني خليفة، عن ابن عباس قال: قضى داود بالغنم لأصحاب الحرث، فخرج الرُّعاة معهم الكلاب، فقال سليمان: كيف قضى بينكم؟ فأخبروه، فقال: لو وافيت أمركم لقضيت بغير هذا، فأُخبر بذلك داود، فدعاه فقال: كيف تقضي بينهم؟ قال: أدفع الغنم إلى أصحاب الحرث، فيكون لهم أولادها وألبانها وسلاؤها ومنافعها، ويبذر أصحاب الغنم لأهل الحرث مثل حرثهم، فإذا بلغ الحرث الذي كان عليه، أخذ أصحاب الحرث الحرث، وردّوا الغنم إلى أصحابها. حدثني محمد بن عمرو، قال: ثنا أبو عاصم، قال: ثنا عيسى، قال: ثنا ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد، في قول الله ( إِذْ نَفَشَتْ فِيهِ غَنَمُ الْقَوْمِ ) قال: أعطاهم داود رقاب الغنم بالحرث، وحكم سليمان بجزة الغنم وألبانها لأهل الحرث، وعليهم رعايتها على أهل الحرث، ويحرث لهم أهل الغنم حتى يكون الحرث كهيئته يوم أُكل، ثم يدفعونه إلى أهله ويأخذون غنمهم. حدثني الحارث، قال: ثنا الحسن، قال: ثني ورقاء، عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد، مثله. حدثنا القاسم، قال: ثنا الحسين، قال: ثنى حجاج بنحوه، إلا أنه قال: وعليهم رعيها. حدثنا ابن بشار، قال: ثنا عبد الرحمن، قال: ثنا سفيان، عن ابن إسحاق، عن مرّة في قوله ( إِذْ نَفَشَتْ فِيهِ غَنَمُ الْقَوْمِ ) قال: كان الحرث نبتا، فنفشت فيه ليلا فاختصموا فيه إلى داود، فقضى بالغنم لأصحاب الحرث. فمرّوا على سليمان، فذكروا ذلك له، فقال: لا تُدفع الغنم فيصيبون منها، يعني أصحاب الحرث ويقوم هؤلاء على حرثهم، فإذا كان كما كان ردوا عليهم. فنـزلت ( فَفَهَّمْنَاهَا سُلَيْمَانَ ). حدثنا تميم بن المنتصر، قال: أخبرنا إسحاق، عن شريك، عن أبي إسحاق، عن مسروق، عن شريح، في قوله ( إِذْ نَفَشَتْ فِيهِ غَنَمُ الْقَوْمِ ) قال: كان النفْش ليلا وكان الحرث كرما، قال: فجعل داود الغنم لصاحب الكرم، قال: فقال سليمان: إن صاحب الكرم قد بقي له أصل أرضه وأصل كرمه، فاجعل له أصوافها وألبانها! قال: فهو قول الله ( فَفَهَّمْنَاهَا سُلَيْمَانَ ). حدثنا ابن أبي زياد، قال: ثنا يزيد بن هارون، قال: أخبرنا إسماعيل، عن عامر، قال: جاء رجلان إلى شُرَيح، فقال أحدهما: إن شياه هذا قطعت غَزْلا لي، فقال شريح: نهارا أم ليلا؟ قال: إن كان نهارا فقد برئ صاحب الشياه، وإن كان ليلا فقد ضمن، ثم قرأ ( وَدَاوُدَ وَسُلَيْمَانَ إِذْ يَحْكُمَانِ فِي الْحَرْثِ إِذْ نَفَشَتْ فِيهِ غَنَمُ الْقَوْمِ ) قال: كان النفش ليلا. حدثنا ابن حميد، قال: ثنا حكام، قال: ثنا إسماعيل بن أبي خالد، عن عامر، عن شريح بنحوه. حدثني يعقوب، قال: ثنا هشيم، قال: أخبرنا إسماعيل بن أبي خالد عن الشعبي، عن شريح، مثله. حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قَتادة، قوله ( وَدَاوُدَ وَسُلَيْمَانَ إِذْ يَحْكُمَانِ فِي الْحَرْثِ )... الآية، النفْش بالليل، والهَمَل بالنهار. وذُكر لنا أن غنم القوم وقعت في زرع ليلا فُرفع ذلك إلى داود، فقضى بالغنم لأصحاب الزرع، فقال سليمان: ليس كذلك، ولكن له نسلها ورَسْلها وعوارضها وجُزازها، حتى إذا كان من العام المقبل كهيئته يوم أكل، دفعت الغنم إلى ربها وقبض صاحب الزرع زرعه، فقال الله ( فَفَهَّمْنَاهَا سُلَيْمَانَ ). حدثنا ابن عبد الأعلى، قال: ثنا ابن ثور، عن معمر، عن قَتَادة والزهري ( إِذْ نَفَشَتْ فِيهِ غَنَمُ الْقَوْمِ ) قال: نفشت غنم في حرث قوم، قال الزهري: والنفش لا يكون إلا ليلا فقضى داود أن يأخذ الغنم، ففهمها الله سليمان، قال: فلما أخبر بقضاء داود، قال: لا ولكن خذوا الغنم، ولكم ما خرج من رسلها وأولادها وأصوافها إلى الحول. حدثنا الحسن، قال: أخبرنا عبد الرزاق، عن معمر، عن قتادة، في قوله ( إِذْ نَفَشَتْ فِيهِ غَنَمُ الْقَوْمِ ) قال: في حرث قوم، قال معمر: قال الزهري: النفش لا يكون إلا بالليل، والهمل بالنهار، قال قَتادة: فقضى أن يأخذوا الغنم، ففهمها الله سليمان، ثم ذكر باقي الحديث نحو حديث عبد الأعلى. حدثني يونس، قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب، قال: قال ابن زيد، في قوله ( وَدَاوُدَ وَسُلَيْمَانَ إِذْ يَحْكُمَانِ فِي الْحَرْثِ إِذْ نَفَشَتْ فِيهِ غَنَمُ الْقَوْمِ )... الآيتين، قال: انفلت غنم رجل على حرث رجل فأكلته، فجاء إلى داود، فقضى فيها بالغنم لصاحب الحرث بما أكلت، وكأنه رأى أنه وجه ذلك، فمرّوا بسليمان، فقال: ما قضى بينكم نبيّ الله؟ فأخبروه، فقال: ألا أقضي بينكما عسى أن ترضيا به؟ فقالا نعم. فقال: أما أنت يا صاحب الحرث، فخذ غنم هذا الرجل فكن فيها كما كان صاحبها، أصب من لبنها وعارضتها وكذا وكذا ما كان يصيب، وأحرث أنت يا صاحب الغنم حرث هذا الرجل، حتى إذا كان حرثه مثله ليلة نفشت فيه غنمك، فأعطه حرثه، وخذ غنمك، فذلك قول الله تبارك وتعالى ( وَدَاوُدَ وَسُلَيْمَانَ إِذْ يَحْكُمَانِ فِي الْحَرْثِ إِذْ نَفَشَتْ فِيهِ غَنَمُ الْقَوْمِ ) وقرأ حتى بلغ قوله ( وَكُلا آتَيْنَا حُكْمًا وَعِلْمًا ). حدثنا القاسم، قال: ثنا الحسين، قال: ثني حجاج، عن ابن جريج، عن عطاء الخراساني، عن ابن عباس، في قوله ( إِذْ نَفَشَتْ فِيهِ غَنَمُ الْقَوْمِ ) قال: رعت. حدثنا ابن حميد، قال: ثنا سلمة، عن ابن إسحاق، قال: النفش: الرعية تحت الليل. قال: ثنا سلمة، عن ابن إسحاق، عن الزهري، عن حرام بن محيصة بن مسعود، قال: " دخلت ناقة للبراء بن عازب حائطا لبعض الأنصار فأفسدته، فرُفع ذلك إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، فقال ( إِذْ نَفَشَتْ فِيهِ غَنَمُ الْقَوْمِ ) فقضى على البراء بما أفسدته الناقة، وقال عَلى أصحَابِ المَاشِيةِ حِفْظُ المَاشِيَةِ باللَّيْلِ، وَعَلى أصحَابِ الحَوَائِطِ حِفْظُ حِيطانِهِمْ بالنَّهارِ". قال الزهري: وكان قضاء داود وسليمان في ذلك أن رجلا دخلت ماشيته زرعا لرجل فأفسدته، ولا يكون النفوش إلا بالليل، فارتفعا إلى داود، فقضى بغنم صاحب الغنم لصاحب الزرع، فانصرفا فمرا بسليمان، فقال: بماذا قضى بينكما نبيّ الله؟ فقالا قضى بالغنم لصاحب الزرع، فقال: إن الحكم لعلى غير هذا، انصرفا معي! فأتى أباه داود، فقال: يا نبيّ الله، قضيت على هذا بغنمه لصاحب الزرع؟ قال نعم. قال: يا نبيّ الله، إن الحكم لعلى غير هذا، قال: وكيف يا بنيّ؟ قال: تدفع الغنم إلى صاحب الزرع، فيصيب من ألبانها وسمونها وأصوافها، وتدفع الزرع إلى صاحب الغنم يقوم عليه، فإذا عاد الزرع إلى حاله التي أصابته الغنم عليها، ردّت الغنم على صاحب الغنم، وردّ الزرع إلى صاحب الزرع، فقال داود: لا يقطع الله فمك، فقضى بما قضى سليمان، قال الزهري: فذلك قوله ( وَدَاوُدَ وَسُلَيْمَانَ إِذْ يَحْكُمَانِ فِي الْحَرْثِ )... إلى قوله ( حُكْمًا وَعِلْمًا ). حدثنا ابن حميد، قال: ثنا سلمة، وعليّ بن مجاهد، عن محمد بن إسحاق، قال: فحدثني من سمع الحسن يقول: كان الحكم بما قضى به سليمان، ولم يعنف الله داود في حكمه. وقوله ( وَسَخَّرْنَا مَعَ دَاوُدَ الْجِبَالَ يُسَبِّحْنَ وَالطَّيْرَ ) يقول تعالى ذكره: وسخرنا مع داود الجبال، والطير يسبحن معه إذا سبح. وكان قَتادة يقول في معنى قوله ( يُسَبِّحْنَ ) في هذا الموضع ما حدثنا به بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة، قوله ( وَسَخَّرْنَا مَعَ دَاوُدَ الْجِبَالَ يُسَبِّحْنَ وَالطَّيْرَ ) : أي يصلين مع داود إذا صلى. وقوله ( وَكُنَّا فَاعِلِينَ ) يقول: وكنا قد قضينا أنا فاعلو ذلك، ومسخرو الجبال والطير في أمّ الكتاب مع داود عليه الصلاة والسلام.