Tafseer of The Prophets · Al-Anbiyaa · 21:80
And We taught him the fashioning of coats of armor to protect you from your [enemy in] battle. So will you then be grateful?
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
Allah the Exalted says: and We taught Dāwūd the making of armor for you. Al-labūs among the Arabs means all weapons: whether a coat of mail, or a breastplate, or a sword, or a lance — as is demonstrated by the words of the Hudhaylī poet:
And with me is armor for the mailed warrior, like a horn on the forehead of the fleeing bull with his cows.
By it he describes a lance; in this verse, however, the exegetes said that what was meant by it were the coats of mail.
We mention who said that:
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His words (and We taught him the making of armor for you) — the verse: he said: before Dāwūd they were plates; he said: and the first to make the rings and link them was Dāwūd.
Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning (and We taught him the making of armor for you): he said: they were plates; the first to link them and ring them was Dāwūd ﷺ.
The reciters differed concerning the reading of His words (that it may protect you (li-tuḥṣinakum)). The majority of the reciters of the regions read it (li-yuḥṣinakum) — with the yāʾ — with the meaning: that the armor may protect you from your enemy; they masculinized it because of the masculinity of al-labūs. Abū Jaʿfar Yazīd ibn al-Qaʿqāʿ read it (li-tuḥṣinakum) — with the tāʾ — with the meaning: that the making may protect you, and he feminized it because of the femininity of al-ṣanʿa. Shayba ibn Naṣṣāḥ and ʿĀṣim ibn Abī al-Najūd read it (li-nuḥṣinakum) — with the nūn — with the meaning: that We may protect you from your enemy.
Abū Jaʿfar said: the most correct reading in my opinion is the reading with the yāʾ, because it is the reading upon which the argumentation of the reciters of the regions rests; even though the three readings that we have mentioned are nearly equal in meaning — for the making is the armor, and the armor is the making, and Allah is the One who protects thereby from the enemy, and it is through that that Allah has made it so. The meaning of His words (that it may protect you) is: that it may safeguard you; and it is from their saying: qad aḥṣana fulān jāriyatahu — when someone guards his slave-girl; I have already expounded its meaning with its proofs elsewhere. Al-baʾs is fighting (qitāl); and: We taught Dāwūd the making of weapons for you, that they may safeguard you when you wear them and meet your enemies in battle before death.
And His words (will you then be grateful?): that is to say: will you, O people, be grateful to Allah for His favor to you — through what He has taught you of the making of armor that protects in battle, and other favors — that is to say: be grateful to Me for that.