Tabari

Tafseer of Taa-Haa · Taa-Haa · 20:8

ٱللَّهُ لَآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ۖ لَهُ ٱلْأَسْمَآءُ ٱلْحُسْنَىٰ

Allah - there is no deity except Him. To Him belong the best names.

Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.

Tabari (1 passage)

  1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

    Concerning the word of Allah the Exalted اللَّهُ لا إِلَهَ إِلا هُوَ — this means: the Worshipped One to whom worship exclusively belongs; He says: so worship Him, O mankind, and not those godheads and idols besides Him. لَهُ الأسْمَاءُ الْحُسْنَى — Allah, exalted be His remembrance, says: Your Worshipped One, O mankind, has the most beautiful names (al-asmāʾ al-ḥusnā). He said al-ḥusnā in the singular, as an adjective qualifying al-asmāʾ — and did not say al-aḥāsin — because al-asmāʾ [as a plural] may be designated by hādhihi, "this" [singular demonstrative pronoun], and one says: "this is names" — and this falls [as if] within a single construction. Resembling this is the verse of al-Aʿshā:

    Wa-sawfa yuʿqibunīhi in ẓafirtu bihi / Rabbun ghafūrun wa-bīḍun dhātu aṭhārin ("And He will recompense me for it if I gain mastery over it: a Forgiving Lord, and white [women] who are pure")

    He used dhātu [singular] as an adjective qualifying al-bīḍ [plural], because of al-bīḍ one may say hādhihi — just as [Allah said]: حَدَائِقَ ذَاتَ بَهْجَةٍ — and likewise His words, exalted be His remembrance: مَآرِبُ أُخْرَى — wherein He used ukhrā in the singular as an adjective qualifying mārib [plural], and not ukhar — for the reason which we have explained; although ukhar would also be correct had one said it so.

    ---

    Footnotes:

    In the Lisān [al-ʿArab] under the entry ʿ-q-b it states: one says: Allah recompensed him with goodness and good; the noun is al-ʿuqbā, which resembles a recompense. And istaʿqaba minhu khayran aw sharran: he received a recompense for it — fa-aʿqabahu khayran: he recompensed him with it and gave him something else in its place. The proof in the verse is that the poet described al-bīḍ [plural of baydāʾ] with dhātu [singular], and did not make the qualifier and the qualified agree in number. The author's explanation for this is that the word al-bīḍ, though plural, may be designated by hādhihi [singular demonstrative pronoun]; since the plural may be designated by hādhihi, the singular dhātu may likewise be used as an adjective qualifying al-bīḍ — analogous to the Qurʾānic word: 'له الأسماء الحسنى' — al-asmāʾ is plural and al-ḥusnā is its adjective in the singular.

    Show original Arabic
    وأما قوله تعالى ذكره ( اللَّهُ لا إِلَهَ إِلا هُوَ ) فإنه يعني به: المعبود الذي لا تصلح العبادة إلا له ، يقول: فإياه فاعبدوا أيها الناس دون ما سواه من الآلهة والأوثان ( لَهُ الأسْمَاءُ الْحُسْنَى ) يقول جلّ ثناؤه: لمعبودكم أيها الناس الأسماء الحسنى، فقال: الحسنى، فوحَّد، وهو نعت للأسماء، ولم يقل الأحاسن، لأن الأسماء تقع عليها هذه، فيقال: هذه أسماء، وهذه في لفظة واحدة; ومنه قول الأعشى: وَسَــوْفَ يُعْقِبُنِيـه إنْ ظَفِـرْت بِـهِ رَبّ غَفُــورٌ وَبِيــضٌ ذاتُ أطْهـارِ (7) فوحد ذات، وهو نعت للبيض لأنه يقع عليها هذه، كما قال حَدَائِقَ ذَاتَ بَهْجَةٍ ومنه قوله جلّ ثناؤه مَآرِبُ أُخْرَى فوحد أخرى، وهي نعت لمآرب، والمآرب: جمع، واحدتها: مأربة، ولم يقل أخر، لما وصفنا، ولو قيل: أخر، لكان صوابا. ---------------------- الهوامش : (7) في ( اللسان : عقب ) يقال : أعقبه الله بإحسان وخيرا . والاسم العقبى ، وهو شبه العوض . واستعقب منه خيرا أو شرا : اعتاضه ، فأعقبه خيرا ، أي عوضه وأبدله . والشاهد في البيت أن قائله وصف البيض وهو جمع بيضاء ، بكلمة ( ذات ) وهي واحد ، ولم يطابق بين النعت والمنعوت في العدد . وتأويل ذلك عند المؤلف أنه كلمة البيض وإن كانت جمعا فإنها يشار إليها بكلمة هذه وهذه في الأصل إشارة للواحدة فلما جاز أن يشار بهذه إلى الجمع جاز أن أن ينعت البيض بذات التي هي للواحدة ، وذلك نظير قول القرآن : " له الأسماء الحسنى" ، والأسماء جمع ، والحسنى صفتها وهي واحدة .