Tafseer of Taa-Haa · Taa-Haa · 20:7
And if you speak aloud - then indeed, He knows the secret and what is [even] more hidden.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
Explanation of the word of Allah the Exalted: وَإِنْ تَجْهَرْ بِالْقَوْلِ فَإِنَّهُ يَعْلَمُ السِّرَّ وَأَخْفَى (Verse 7)
(And if you utter the word aloud — then indeed He knows the secret and what is yet more hidden.)
Allah the Exalted says: And if you, O Muḥammad, utter the word aloud, or rather keep it hidden — that is equal before your Lord, who is the Owner of what is in the heavens and what is on the earth. فَإِنَّهُ يَعْلَمُ السِّرَّ — He says: nothing of what you keep hidden within yourself and do not bring out through your limbs, do not utter with your tongue and do not articulate with your mouth, is hidden from Him — and that which is yet more hidden.
Then the exegetes differed concerning the intent of His word وَأَخْفَى . Some said: the meaning is: "and what is yet more hidden than the secret" — and what is more hidden than the secret is that which a person tells himself but has not yet carried out.
Those who said that are mentioned:
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Ḥakkām related to us, on the authority of ʿAmr, on the authority of ʿAṭāʾ, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning يَعْلَمُ السِّرَّ وَأَخْفَى : he said: the secret is what you yourself have done; the more hidden is what Allah has cast into your heart of what you have not yet done.
Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning يَعْلَمُ السِّرَّ وَأَخْفَى : he means by "the more hidden": what one has not yet done but will do; and the secret is: what one conceals within oneself.
ʿAlī related to me, saying: ʿAbd Allāh related to us, saying: Muʿāwiya related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning يَعْلَمُ السِّرَّ وَأَخْفَى : he said: the secret is what the son of Adam conceals within himself; the more hidden is: what the son of Adam conceals of what he will do before he does it — Allah knows all of that, and His knowledge of what is in the past and what is yet to come is a single knowledge, and all creatures are before Him as a single soul — and that is His word: مَا خَلْقُكُمْ وَلا بَعْثُكُمْ إِلا كَنَفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ (Your creation and your resurrection are not but as that of a single soul).
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, saying: Ibn Jurayj said; Saʿīd ibn Jubayr said, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās: the secret is what a person conceals within himself; the more hidden is what a person does not know of what is yet to come.
Zakariyyā ibn Yaḥyā ibn Abī Zāʾida and Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to us, they said: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, on the authority of ʿĪsā; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His word يَعْلَمُ السِّرَّ وَأَخْفَى : he said: "the more hidden" is the whispering (waswasa). Ibn ʿAmr and al-Ḥārith added in their transmission: and the secret is: the deed that one conceals from people.
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning وَأَخْفَى : he said: the whispering.
Hannād related to us, saying: Abū al-Aḥwaṣ related to us, on the authority of Simāk, on the authority of ʿIkrima, concerning يَعْلَمُ السِّرَّ وَأَخْفَى : he said: "the more hidden" is a person's talking to himself.
Ibn Baššār related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn ibn al-Ḥasan al-Ašqar related to us, saying: Abū Kudayna related to us, on the authority of ʿAṭāʾ, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning يَعْلَمُ السِّرَّ وَأَخْفَى : he said: the secret is what passes through your soul today; the more hidden is what passes through it tomorrow and the day after — none knows that except Allah.
Others said: no, the meaning is: "and what is hidden beyond the secret is what a person has not told himself."
Those who said that are mentioned:
Al-Faḍl ibn al-Ṣabbāḥ related to us, saying: Ibn Fuḍayl related to us, on the authority of ʿAṭāʾ, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, concerning يَعْلَمُ السِّرَّ وَأَخْفَى : he said: the secret is what you keep hidden within yourself; and what is yet more hidden than that is: what you have not yet told yourself.
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning وَإِنْ تَجْهَرْ بِالْقَوْلِ فَإِنَّهُ يَعْلَمُ السِّرَّ وَأَخْفَى : we were taught that the secret is: what you tell yourself; and the more hidden than the secret is: what will yet happen, of which you have not yet told yourself anything.
Muḥammad ibn Baššār related to us, saying: Sulaymān ibn Ḥarb related to us, saying: Abū Hilāl related to us, saying: Qatāda related to us, concerning يَعْلَمُ السِّرَّ وَأَخْفَى : he said: He knows what you keep hidden within yourself; and the more hidden is: what is not yet but will be.
Al-Ḥasan ibn Yaḥyā related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning يَعْلَمُ السِّرَّ وَأَخْفَى : he said: what is yet more hidden than the secret is what you have told yourself — and also what you have not yet told yourself but will be.
It was reported to me from al-Ḥusayn ibn al-Faraj, who said: I heard Abū Muʿādh say: ʿUbayd related to us, saying: I heard al-Ḍaḥḥāk say concerning يَعْلَمُ السِّرَّ وَأَخْفَى : the secret is what you keep hidden within yourself; and the more hidden than the secret is: what you have not yet done but will do — Allah knows all of this.
Others said: no, the meaning is: He knows the secrets of the servants, and He kept His own secret hidden and gave no one knowledge of it.
Those who said that are mentioned:
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning يَعْلَمُ السِّرَّ وَأَخْفَى : he said: He knows the secrets of the servants, but His own secret He kept hidden so that it is not known.
Imam al-Ṭabarī says: It appears that those who explained "the secret" as what a person tells another in secret, and explained "the more hidden" as what he tells himself, took the interpretation of "akhfā" to mean "the hidden" (al-khafiyy). Some said: "afʿal" may be used in place of "fāʿil" — and they adduced as evidence for this the word of the poet:
"Men longed for my death — but if I die / that is a road on which I am not the only one."
The correct view in this matter is that of those who said: the meaning is "He knows the secret and what is yet more hidden than the secret" — for that is the most apparent meaning of the words. Had it the meaning that Ibn Zayd gave it, the text would read: "wa-akhfā Allāhu sirrahu" — for "akhfā" would then be a transitive verb bearing upon an object; that the word "akhfā" stands apart from its object and from what it acts upon, were it to bear the meaning of a verb, is a clear proof that it bears the meaning of "afʿal" (the comparative). The interpretation of the text is then: indeed, He knows the secret and what is yet more hidden than that. If this then is the interpretation, the correct view concerning the meaning of "what is yet more hidden than the secret" is that one says: it is what Allah knows of what He has kept hidden from the servants — which they do not know — of what exists and what does not yet exist; for what already is and has happened is no longer a secret; and what is not and will not be is nothing; and what is not but will be — that is the most hidden, for none knows it except Allah, and then the one to whom He has made it known among His servants.