Tafseer of Taa-Haa · Taa-Haa · 20:78
So Pharaoh pursued them with his soldiers, and there covered them from the sea that which covered them,
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The exposition of the exegesis of the word of Allah the Exalted: وَلَقَدْ أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَى مُوسَى أَنْ أَسْرِ بِعِبَادِي فَاضْرِبْ لَهُمْ طَرِيقًا فِي الْبَحْرِ يَبَسًا لا تَخَافُ دَرَكًا وَلا تَخْشَى (verse 77)
Allah, exalted be His remembrance, says: وَلَقَدْ أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَى Our prophet مُوسَى — after We had strung together for him the proofs against Pharaoh, but he refused to obey the command of his Lord and persisted obstinately in his obstinacy — أَنْ أَسْرِ — by night — بِعِبَادِي — that is to say: with My servants from among the Children of Israel.
فَاضْرِبْ لَهُمْ طَرِيقًا فِي الْبَحْرِ يَبَسًا — that is to say: make for them in the sea a dry path. The words yabas and yabs form their plural as aybās; one says: they stood upon dry places (aybās) of the land. The shortened yabs forms its plural as yabūs.
In accordance with what we have said about this, the exegetes spoke.
Mention of those who said this:
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us — and Al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: Al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His word يَبَسًا : he said: dry.
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: Al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid — the same.
As for His words لا تَخَافُ دَرَكًا وَلا تَخْشَى — this means: do not fear that Pharaoh and his hosts will overtake you from behind, and do not fear drowning before you, nor mud.
In accordance with what we have said about the exegesis of this, the exegetes spoke.
Mention of those who said this:
ʿAlī related to me, saying: Abū Ṣāliḥ related to us, saying: Muʿāwiya related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His words لا تَخَافُ دَرَكًا وَلا تَخْشَى : he says: لا تَخَافُ — of the people of Pharaoh — دَرَكًا — and وَلا تَخْشَى — of drowning in the sea.
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda: لا تَخَافُ دَرَكًا وَلا تَخْشَى — that is to say: do not fear that Pharaoh will overtake you from behind, and do not fear drowning before you.
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: Al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me — he said: Ibn Jurayj said: The companions of Moses said: This is Pharaoh who has overtaken us, and this is the sea that has encircled us. Allah then revealed: لا تَخَافُ دَرَكًا — of the followers of Pharaoh — وَلا تَخْشَى — of the sea, of mud.
Aḥmad ibn al-Walīd al-Ramlī related to me, saying: ʿAmr ibn ʿAwn related to us, saying: Hushaym related to us, on the authority of some of his companions, concerning His words لا تَخَافُ دَرَكًا وَلا تَخْشَى — he said: mud.
The Qurʾān-reciters differed over the reading of His words لا تَخَافُ دَرَكًا . The vast majority of the Qurʾān-reciters in the great cities, with the exception of Al-Aʿmash and Ḥamza, read: لا تَخَافُ دَرَكًا — as an independent clause with lā, just as [elsewhere it stands]: وَاصْطَبِرْ عَلَيْهَا لا نَسْأَلُكَ رِزْقًا with the nominative — and what occurs most frequently in cases of this kind is that the verbal form after lā forms the answer [to a condition] with lā. Al-Aʿmash and Ḥamza read: لا تَخَفْ دَرَكًا — with the jussive of lā takhāf as an answer [to a condition] — and the nominative of وَلا تَخْشَى as an independent clause, just as Allah the Exalted said: يُوَلُّوكُمُ الأَدْبَارَ ثُمَّ لا يُنْصَرُونَ — where He began a new sentence with thumma. And if one were to intend a jussive with وَلا تَخْشَى while the yāʾ remains in it, that too would be permissible, as the poet (in the rajaz meter) said:
Huzzī ilayki al-jidhʿa yajnīki al-janā ('Shake the palm-trunk toward yourself, it will make the fruits fall for you')
Of the two readings I prefer to read لا تَخَافُ in the nominative, because that is the most eloquent of the two linguistic forms, even though the other is permissible. And some grammarians of Basra said: the meaning of لا تَخَافُ دَرَكًا is: strike for them a path within which you need not fear being overtaken — they said: the preposition has been elided, just as one says: Zayd I honored — meaning: I honored him — and just as one says: وَاتَّقُوا يَوْمًا لا تَجْزِي نَفْسٌ عَنْ نَفْسٍ شَيْئًا — that is to say: in which no soul can compensate for another in anything. The grammarians of Kufa, however, reject the elision of 'therein' outside of expressions of time, because in such cases one can say: 'I rose today' and 'on the day' — but they do not permit this with [other] nouns.