Tafseer of Taa-Haa · Taa-Haa · 20:130
So be patient over what they say and exalt [Allah] with praise of your Lord before the rising of the sun and before its setting; and during periods of the night [exalt Him] and at the ends of the day, that you may be satisfied.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
His statement فَاصْبِرْ عَلَى مَا يَقُولُونَ — Allah, exalted be His praise, says to His Prophet: Be patient, O Muḥammad, over what these deniers of the signs of Allah from among your people say to you — that you are a sorcerer, and that you are a madman, a poet, and the like. وَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ — He says: Perform the prayer with the glorification of your Lord. He says: بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ (with the praise of your Lord), and the meaning is: with your praising of your Lord — as one says: "the striking of Zayd amazed me," with the meaning: "my striking of Zayd."
His statement قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ — that is the morning prayer (ṣalāh al-ṣubḥ); وَقَبْلَ غُرُوبِهَا — that is the afternoon prayer (ṣalāh al-ʿaṣr); وَمِنْ آنَاءِ اللَّيْلِ — those are the hours of the night, the singular being inā, on the pattern of ḥiml (load). To this the poet al-Munkhal al-Saʿdī refers:
"Soft and bitter as the notch of the arrow in his grip, in every hour through which the night passes over it."
By His statement وَمِنْ آنَاءِ اللَّيْلِ فَسَبِّحْ He means the late night prayer (ṣalāh al-ʿishāʾ al-ākhira), for it is performed after some hours of the night have passed.
His statement وَأَطْرَافَ النَّهَارِ — that is to say: the noon and the sunset prayers (ṣalāh al-ẓuhr and al-maghrib). It is said that أَطْرَافَ النَّهَارِ (the ends of the day) is in the plural while the two mentioned prayers are intended, because the noon prayer stands at the end of the first part of the day and at the beginning of the last part — it is thus located at two ends. The third end is sunset, and at it the sunset prayer is performed. Hence أَطْرَافَ is in the plural. One may also say that the dual of the two ends is intended, just as it was said صَغَتْ قُلُوبُكُمَا (your hearts have deviated) in the plural while only two hearts are intended — in which case it would stand for the beginning of the last part of the day and the end of the first part.
And to what we have said concerning this the scholars of tafsīr also spoke.
Mention of who said that:
Muḥammad ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of ʿĀṣim, on the authority of Ibn Abī Zayd, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning وَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ وَقَبْلَ غُرُوبِهَا : he said: "The prescribed prayers."
Tamīm ibn al-Muntaṣir related to us, saying: Yazīd ibn Hārūn related to us, saying: Ismāʿīl ibn Abī Khālid informed us, on the authority of Qays ibn Abī Ḥāzim, on the authority of Jarīr ibn ʿAbdullāh, who said: "We were sitting with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and he saw the moon on the night of the full moon, and he said: 'Indeed, you will see your Lord just as you see this moon — you will have no difficulty seeing Him. So if you are able not to miss the prayer before sunrise and before sunset, then do so.'" Then he recited وَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ وَقَبْلَ غُرُوبِهَا .
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: Al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, concerning وَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ وَقَبْلَ غُرُوبِهَا . Ibn Jurayj said: "The afternoon prayer (ʿaṣr); and the ends of the day: the prescribed prayers."
Al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His statement وَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ : he said: "That is the dawn prayer (ṣalāh al-fajr)." وَقَبْلَ غُرُوبِهَا : he said: "The afternoon prayer (ṣalāh al-ʿaṣr)." وَمِنْ آنَاءِ اللَّيْلِ : he said: "The sunset prayer and the night prayer (ṣalāh al-maghrib wa-l-ʿishāʾ)." وَأَطْرَافَ النَّهَارِ : he said: "The noon prayer (ṣalāh al-ẓuhr)."
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His statement وَمِنْ آنَاءِ اللَّيْلِ فَسَبِّحْ وَأَطْرَافَ النَّهَارِ : "The hours of the night are the night prayer after midnight (al-ʿatama); and the ends of the day are the sunset prayer (maghrib) and the morning prayer (ṣubḥ)." And وَأَطْرَافَ النَّهَارِ is in the accusative as coordinated with قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ , for the meaning is: glorify your Lord at the end of the night and the ends of the day.
And to what we have said concerning the meaning of آنَاءَ اللَّيْلِ the scholars of tafsīr also spoke.
Mention of who said that:
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: Al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, who said: Ibn ʿAbbās said concerning وَمِنْ آنَاءِ اللَّيْلِ : "The prayer hours of the night in their entirety."
Yaʿqūb ibn Ibrāhīm related to me, saying: Ibn ʿUlayya related to us, on the authority of Abū Rajāʾ, who said: "I heard al-Ḥasan recite وَمِنْ آنَاءِ اللَّيْلِ ," he said: "Its beginning, its middle, and its end."
Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: My father related to me, saying: My uncle related to me, saying: My father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His statement وَمِنْ آنَاءِ اللَّيْلِ فَسَبِّحْ : he said: "The hours of the night are the heart of the night."
His statement لَعَلَّكَ تَرْضَى — He says: so that you may be content.
The reciters have differed over the recitation of this. Most of the reciters of Medina and Iraq read لَعَلَّكَ تَرْضَى with an open tāʾ (active). ʿĀṣim and al-Kisāʾī read لَعَلَّكَ تُرْضَى with a closed tāʾ (passive), and this is also transmitted from Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Sulamī. It appears that those who read with an open tāʾ intended the meaning that Allah gives you so much that you are content with His gift and His reward to you. Thus the scholars of tafsīr also explained it.
Mention of who said that:
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His statement لَعَلَّكَ تَرْضَى : "The reward — you will be content with what Allah rewards you with for it."
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: Al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, concerning لَعَلَّكَ تَرْضَى : he said: "With what you are given." And it appears that those who read with a closed tāʾ understood the meaning of the phrase as: so that Allah may make you content through your worship of Him and your obedience to Him.
The correct view concerning this, in my opinion, is that both are recitations with which scholars among the reciters have each read separately, and both are widespread recitations in the modes of recitation of the Muslim lands, and they are concordant in meaning and not mutually contradictory. For when Allah, exalted be His praise, makes him content, there is no doubt that he will be content; and when he is content, Allah has made him content. Each of the two thus indicates the meaning of the other. Whichever recitation a reciter chooses, he hits the mark.