Tabari (1 passage)

1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

   فَقُلْنَا يَا آدَمُ إِنَّ هَذَا عَدُوٌّ لَكَ وَلِزَوْجِكَ ("And We said: O Ādam! Verily, this is an enemy to you and to your wife") — and that on account of his hatred for you: he refused to make a sujūd before you, defied My command therein, and disobeyed Me. So do not obey him in what he commands the two of you, for he will drive you both out through your disobedience to your Lord and your obedience to him مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ فَتَشْقَى — He says: then your sustenance will come forth from the toil of your hands; and that is the wretchedness (shaqāwat) against which his Lord warned him.

   As Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, he said: Yaʿqūb related to us, on the authority of Jaʿfar, on the authority of Saʿīd: he said: a red ox was sent down to Ādam, and he ploughed with it and wiped the sweat from his brow; and that is what Allah the Exalted referred to by His word: فَلا يُخْرِجَنَّكُمَا مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ فَتَشْقَى ("so let him not drive you both out of the Garden, lest you be wretched"). That, then, was his wretchedness.

   Allah the Exalted said ("then you will be wretched" — fatashqā) and did not say: "then you will both be wretched" (fatashqiyā); whereas He had said: فَلا يُخْرِجَنَّكُمَا ("let him not drive you both out"). That is because the initial address from Allah was directed to Ādam, and in informing him of the punishment for his disobedience — concerning what He had forbidden him from eating of the tree — lay the conclusive mention, without the woman needing to be mentioned separately, since it was known that her ruling in this was the same as his. As in His word عَنِ الْيَمِينِ وَعَنِ الشِّمَالِ قَعِيدٌ ("on the right and on the left a watcher seated") — which sufficed because the listeners knew its meaning, without the action of his companion needing to be mentioned separately.

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   ( فَقُلْنَا يَا آدَمُ إِنَّ هَذَا عَدُوٌّ لَكَ وَلِزَوْجِكَ ) ولذلك من شنآنه لم يسجد لك، وخالف أمري في ذلك وعصاني، فلا تطيعاه فيما يأمركما به، فيخرجكما بمعصيتكما ربكما، وطاعتكما له ( مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ فَتَشْقَى ) يقول: فيكون عيشك من كدّ يدك، فذلك شقاؤه الذي حذّره ربه. كما حدثنا ابن حميد، قال: ثنا يعقوب، عن جعفر، عن سعيد، قال: أهبط إلى آدم ثور أحمر، فكان يحرث عليه، ويمسح العرق من جبينه، فهو الذي قال الله تعالى ذكره ( فَلا يُخْرِجَنَّكُمَا مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ فَتَشْقَى ) فكان ذلك شقاؤه ، وقال تعالى ذكره (فَتَشْقَى) ولم يقل: فتشقيا، وقد قال: ( فَلا يُخْرِجَنَّكُمَا ) لأن ابتداء الخطاب من الله كان لآدم عليه السلام، فكان في إعلامه العقوبة على معصيته إياه، فيما نهاه عنه من أكل الشجرة الكفاية من ذكر المرأة، إذ كان معلوما أن حكمها في ذلك حكمه. كما قال عَنِ الْيَمِينِ وَعَنِ الشِّمَالِ قَعِيدٌ اجتزئ بمعرفة السامعين معناه من ذكر فعل صاحبه.