Tabari

Tafseer of Mary · Maryam · 19:87

لَّا يَمْلِكُونَ ٱلشَّفَٰعَةَ إِلَّا مَنِ ٱتَّخَذَ عِندَ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ عَهْدًۭا

None will have [power of] intercession except he who had taken from the Most Merciful a covenant.

Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.

Tabari (1 passage)

  1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

    Allah, exalted in His remembrance, says: لَا يَمْلِكُونَ الشَّفَاعَةَ — these who disbelieve in their Lord will not, O Muḥammad, possess the intercession (shafāʿa) on the day when Allah gathers the God-fearing to Him as a delegation (wafdan) — at the moment when the people of faith (īmān) intercede for one another before Allah, the one speaking on behalf of the other before Allah — إِلَّا مَنِ اتَّخَذَ مِنْهُمْ عِنْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ — except the one who, in the worldly life, has made عَهْدًا ("a covenant") with the All-Merciful: by believing in Him, affirming the Messenger of Allah, assenting to what he brought, and acting in accordance with what he commanded.

    As ʿAlī related to me — he said: ʿAbd Allāh related to us — he said: Muʿāwiya related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word: إِلَّا مَنِ اتَّخَذَ عِنْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ عَهْدًا — he said: "The covenant is the testimony that there is no god but Allah, and that one disavows before Allah any might and power of one's own, and hopes for nothing except Allah."

    Al-Qāsim related to us — he said: al-Ḥusayn related to us — he said: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, concerning His word: لَا يَمْلِكُونَ الشَّفَاعَةَ إِلَّا مَنِ اتَّخَذَ عِنْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ عَهْدًا — he said: "The believers will intercede for one another on that Day." إِلَّا مَنِ اتَّخَذَ عِنْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ عَهْدًا — he said: "A righteous deed."

    Bishr related to us — he said: Yazīd related to us — he said: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word: لَا يَمْلِكُونَ الشَّفَاعَةَ إِلَّا مَنِ اتَّخَذَ عِنْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ عَهْدًا — that is to say: by obeying Him. He also said concerning another verse: لَا تَنْفَعُ الشَّفَاعَةُ إِلَّا مَنْ أَذِنَ لَهُ الرَّحْمَنُ وَرَضِيَ لَهُ قَوْلًا ("Intercession will not avail, except from him to whom the All-Merciful has given permission and whose word pleases Him") — so that they may know that on the Day of Resurrection Allah will appoint the believers as intercessors for one another. It has been mentioned to us that the Prophet of Allah ﷺ used to say: "Indeed, there is in my community a man through whose intercession Allah will admit into the Garden (janna) more people than there are men of the tribe of Banū Tamīm." And we relate that the martyr (shahīd) intercedes for seventy members of his household.

    Bishr related to us — he said: Yazīd related to us — he said: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, on the authority of Abū al-Malīḥ, on the authority of ʿAwf ibn Mālik — he said: the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "My intercession is for the one of my community who dies without associating anything as a partner with Allah (lā yushrika billāhi shayʾan)."

    The word مَنْ in His expression إِلَّا مَنْ is in the accusative case (naṣb) as an exception, and it cannot be in the genitive by an implied preposition; yet it can in other contexts stand in the accusative — as when someone says: "I wanted to pass by today, except for the enemy" — where the enemy is excepted from the meaning, not from the wording. But this is not the case with لَا يَمْلِكُونَ الشَّفَاعَةَ إِلَّا مَنِ اتَّخَذَ عِنْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ عَهْدًا, for the meaning of the sentence is: these disbelievers do not possess the intercession — except the one who believes in Allah; for the believers are not among the disbelievers.

    Whoever places مَنْ in the accusative on the basis of the meaning "except on behalf of the one who has made a covenant with the All-Merciful" must understand the words لَا يَمْلِكُونَ الشَّفَاعَةَ as "they do not possess the intercession on behalf of the God-fearing," so that the meaning is then: "on the day when We gather the God-fearing as a delegation to the All-Merciful, they do not possess the intercession, except the one who has made a covenant with the All-Merciful" — which then means: "except on behalf of the one who has made a covenant with the All-Merciful."

    If, however, one understands لَا يَمْلِكُونَ الشَّفَاعَةَ as a statement about the criminals, then مَنْ is an accusative as a disjoined exception (istisnāʾ munqaṭiʿ), and the meaning of the sentence is then: "they do not possess the intercession; but the one who has made a covenant with the All-Merciful does possess it."

    Show original Arabic
    يقول تعالى ذكره: لا يملك هؤلاء الكافرون بربهم يا محمد، يوم يحشر الله المتقين إليه وفدا الشفاعة، حين يشفع أهل الإيمان بعضهم لبعض عند الله، فيشفع بعضهم لبعض ( إِلا مَنِ اتَّخَذَ مِنْهُمْ عِنْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ ) في الدنيا(عَهْدًا) بالإيمان به، وتصديق رسوله، والإقرار بما جاء به، والعمل بما أمر به. كما حدثني عليّ، قال: ثنا عبد الله، قال: ثني معاوية، عن عليّ، عن ابن عباس، قوله ( إِلا مَنِ اتَّخَذَ عِنْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ عَهْدًا ) قال: العهد: شهادة أن لا إله إلا الله، ويتبرأ إلى الله من الحول والقوّة ولا يرجو إلا الله. حدثنا القاسم، قال: ثنا الحسين، قال: ثني حجاج، عن ابن جريج، قوله ( لا يَمْلِكُونَ الشَّفَاعَةَ إِلا مَنِ اتَّخَذَ عِنْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ عَهْدًا ) قال: المؤمنون يومئذ بعضهم لبعض شفعاء ( إِلا مَنِ اتَّخَذَ عِنْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ عَهْدًا ) قال: عملا صالحا. حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة، قوله ( لا يَمْلِكُونَ الشَّفَاعَةَ إِلا مَنِ اتَّخَذَ عِنْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ عَهْدًا ): أي بطاعته، وقال في آية أخرى لا تَنْفَعُ الشَّفَاعَةُ إِلا مَنْ أَذِنَ لَهُ الرَّحْمَنُ وَرَضِيَ لَهُ قَوْلا ليعلموا أن الله يوم القيامة يشفع المؤمنين بعضهم في بعض، ذكر لنا أن نبيّ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم كان يقول: " إنَّ في أُمَّتِي رَجُلا لَيُدْخِلَنَّ اللهُ بِشَفاعَتِهِ الجَنَّةَ أكْثَرَ مِنْ بني تَمِيمِ"، وكنا نحدّث أن الشهيد يشفع في سبعين من أهل بيته. حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة، عن أبي المليح، عن عوف بن مالك، قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: " إنَّ شَفاعَتِي لِمَنْ ماتَ مِنْ أُمَّتِي لا يُشْرِكُ باللهِ شَيئًا " ، و " مَن " في قوله (إلا مَنْ) في موضع نصب على الاستثناء ، ولا يكون خفضا بضمير اللام، ولكن قد يكون نصبا في الكلام في غير هذا الموضع، وذلك كقول القائل: أردت المرور اليوم إلا العدوّ، فإني لا أمر به، فيستثنى العدوّ من المعنى، وليس ذلك كذلك في قوله ( لا يَمْلِكُونَ الشَّفَاعَةَ إِلا مَنِ اتَّخَذَ عِنْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ عَهْدًا ) لأن معنى الكلام: لا يملك هؤلاء الكفار إلا من آمن بالله، فالمؤمنون ليسوا من أعداد الكافرين، ومن نصبه على أن معناه إلا لمن اتخذ عند الرحمن عهدا، فإنه ينبغي أن يجعل قوله لا يملكون الشفاعة للمتقين ، فيكون معنى الكلام حينئذ يوم نحشر المتقين إلى الرحمن وفدا، لا يملكون الشفاعة، إلا من اتخذ عند الرحمن عهدا، فيكون معناه عند ذلك، إلا لمن اتخذ عند الرحمن عهدا. فأما إذا جعل لا يملكون الشفاعة خبرا عن المجرمين، فإن " من " تكون حينئذ نصبا على أنه استثناء منقطع، فيكون معنى الكلام: لا يملكون الشفاعة، لكن من اتخذ عند الرحمن عهدا يملكه.