Tafseer of Mary · Maryam · 19:87
None will have [power of] intercession except he who had taken from the Most Merciful a covenant.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
Allah, exalted in His remembrance, says: لَا يَمْلِكُونَ الشَّفَاعَةَ — these who disbelieve in their Lord will not, O Muḥammad, possess the intercession (shafāʿa) on the day when Allah gathers the God-fearing to Him as a delegation (wafdan) — at the moment when the people of faith (īmān) intercede for one another before Allah, the one speaking on behalf of the other before Allah — إِلَّا مَنِ اتَّخَذَ مِنْهُمْ عِنْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ — except the one who, in the worldly life, has made عَهْدًا ("a covenant") with the All-Merciful: by believing in Him, affirming the Messenger of Allah, assenting to what he brought, and acting in accordance with what he commanded.
As ʿAlī related to me — he said: ʿAbd Allāh related to us — he said: Muʿāwiya related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word: إِلَّا مَنِ اتَّخَذَ عِنْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ عَهْدًا — he said: "The covenant is the testimony that there is no god but Allah, and that one disavows before Allah any might and power of one's own, and hopes for nothing except Allah."
Al-Qāsim related to us — he said: al-Ḥusayn related to us — he said: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, concerning His word: لَا يَمْلِكُونَ الشَّفَاعَةَ إِلَّا مَنِ اتَّخَذَ عِنْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ عَهْدًا — he said: "The believers will intercede for one another on that Day." إِلَّا مَنِ اتَّخَذَ عِنْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ عَهْدًا — he said: "A righteous deed."
Bishr related to us — he said: Yazīd related to us — he said: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word: لَا يَمْلِكُونَ الشَّفَاعَةَ إِلَّا مَنِ اتَّخَذَ عِنْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ عَهْدًا — that is to say: by obeying Him. He also said concerning another verse: لَا تَنْفَعُ الشَّفَاعَةُ إِلَّا مَنْ أَذِنَ لَهُ الرَّحْمَنُ وَرَضِيَ لَهُ قَوْلًا ("Intercession will not avail, except from him to whom the All-Merciful has given permission and whose word pleases Him") — so that they may know that on the Day of Resurrection Allah will appoint the believers as intercessors for one another. It has been mentioned to us that the Prophet of Allah ﷺ used to say: "Indeed, there is in my community a man through whose intercession Allah will admit into the Garden (janna) more people than there are men of the tribe of Banū Tamīm." And we relate that the martyr (shahīd) intercedes for seventy members of his household.
Bishr related to us — he said: Yazīd related to us — he said: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, on the authority of Abū al-Malīḥ, on the authority of ʿAwf ibn Mālik — he said: the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "My intercession is for the one of my community who dies without associating anything as a partner with Allah (lā yushrika billāhi shayʾan)."
The word مَنْ in His expression إِلَّا مَنْ is in the accusative case (naṣb) as an exception, and it cannot be in the genitive by an implied preposition; yet it can in other contexts stand in the accusative — as when someone says: "I wanted to pass by today, except for the enemy" — where the enemy is excepted from the meaning, not from the wording. But this is not the case with لَا يَمْلِكُونَ الشَّفَاعَةَ إِلَّا مَنِ اتَّخَذَ عِنْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ عَهْدًا, for the meaning of the sentence is: these disbelievers do not possess the intercession — except the one who believes in Allah; for the believers are not among the disbelievers.
Whoever places مَنْ in the accusative on the basis of the meaning "except on behalf of the one who has made a covenant with the All-Merciful" must understand the words لَا يَمْلِكُونَ الشَّفَاعَةَ as "they do not possess the intercession on behalf of the God-fearing," so that the meaning is then: "on the day when We gather the God-fearing as a delegation to the All-Merciful, they do not possess the intercession, except the one who has made a covenant with the All-Merciful" — which then means: "except on behalf of the one who has made a covenant with the All-Merciful."
If, however, one understands لَا يَمْلِكُونَ الشَّفَاعَةَ as a statement about the criminals, then مَنْ is an accusative as a disjoined exception (istisnāʾ munqaṭiʿ), and the meaning of the sentence is then: "they do not possess the intercession; but the one who has made a covenant with the All-Merciful does possess it."