Tafseer of Mary · Maryam · 19:28
O sister of Aaron, your father was not a man of evil, nor was your mother unchaste."
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The exegetes differed concerning the reason why it was said to her: "O sister of Hārūn," and concerning who this Hārūn was whom Allah mentioned and of whom He reported that they ascribed him to Maryam as her brother. Some said: it was said to her يَا أُخْتَ هَارُونَ (O sister of Hārūn) as an ascription to righteousness, for the righteous among them were called "Hārūn" — and it is not the Hārūn who was the brother of Mūsā.
* Narration of those who said this:
Al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of Qatāda — concerning يَا أُخْتَ هَارُونَ : he said: There was a righteous man among the Children of Israel named Hārūn; they compared her to him and said: O you who resemble Hārūn in righteousness.
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda — concerning His word يَا أُخْتَ هَارُونَ مَا كَانَ أَبُوكِ امْرَأَ سَوْءٍ وَمَا كَانَتْ أُمُّكِ بَغِيًّا : he said: She was from a household known for its righteousness and not for its corruption. There are people known for righteousness who bring forth offspring in righteousness, and others known for corruption who bring forth offspring therein. Hārūn was a righteous man beloved by his tribe; and it is not the Hārūn who was the brother of Mūsā, but another Hārūn. He said: It is mentioned that on the day of his death forty thousand people accompanied his funeral, all named Hārūn, from the Children of Israel.
Yaʿqūb related to me, saying: Ibn ʿUlayya related to us, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Abī Ṣadaqa, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Sīrīn — he said: I was informed that Kaʿb said: as for يَا أُخْتَ هَارُونَ , that is not Hārūn the brother of Mūsā. ʿĀʾisha said to him: "You lie." He said: "O Mother of the Believers, if the Prophet ﷺ said it, then he knows better and is more aware; but if not, then I find that there were six hundred years between them." She fell silent.
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said, concerning يَا أُخْتَ هَارُونَ : he said: A name that corresponded to a name; how many nations lay between Hārūn and them.
Abū Kurayb, Ibn al-Muthannā, Sufyān, Ibn Wakīʿ and Abū al-Sāʾib related to us, they said: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Idrīs al-Awdī related to us — he said: I heard my father mention this, on the authority of Simāk ibn Ḥarb, on the authority of ʿAlqama ibn Wāʾil, on the authority of al-Mughīra ibn Shuʿba — he said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent me to the people of Najrān; they said to me: "Do you not recite يَا أُخْتَ هَارُونَ ?" I said: "Indeed, and you know what was between ʿĪsā and Mūsā." I returned to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and informed him; he said: "Did you not tell them that they used to name their prophets and the righteous before them with names?"
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: al-Ḥakam ibn Bashīr related to us, saying: ʿAmr related to us, on the authority of Simāk ibn Ḥarb, on the authority of ʿAlqama ibn Wāʾil, on the authority of al-Mughīra ibn Shuʿba — he said: The Prophet ﷺ sent me on one of his affairs to the people of Najrān; they said: "Does your prophet not claim that Hārūn the brother of Maryam is the brother of Mūsā?" I did not know what to answer them, until I returned to the Prophet ﷺ and mentioned it to him; he said: "They used to name [people] with the names of those before them."
Some said: by it was meant Hārūn the brother of Mūsā, and Maryam was ascribed to him as his sister because she was of his descendants — just as one says to a Tamīmite: "O brother of Tamīm," and to a Muḍarite: "O brother of Muḍar."
* Narration of those who said this:
Mūsā related to us, saying: ʿAmr related to us, saying: Asbāṭ related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī — concerning يَا أُخْتَ هَارُونَ : he said: She was of the descendants of Hārūn the brother of Mūsā — as one says: "O brother of the Banū So-and-so."
Others said: it was a man of theirs who was openly corrupt, and they ascribed her to him.
Abū Jaʿfar (Imam al-Ṭabarī) said: The correct view in this matter is what the narration of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ has brought as we have mentioned, namely that she was ascribed to a man of her people.
His word مَا كَانَ أَبُوكِ امْرَأَ سَوْءٍ — He says: Your father was not a man of evil who committed disgraceful acts. وَمَا كَانَتْ أُمُّكِ بَغِيًّا — He says: And your mother was not a fornicatress (zāniya). As Mūsā related to us, saying: ʿAmr related to us, saying: Asbāṭ related to us, on the authority of al-Suddī — concerning وَمَا كَانَتْ أُمُّكِ بَغِيًّا : he said: A fornicatress. It reads بَغِيًّا and not "baghiyya" because this is an attribute ascribed only to women and not to men, and it follows the pattern of "imraʾa ḥāʾiḍ" (a menstruating woman) and "ṭāliq" (a divorced woman). Some compared this to the expression "milḥafa jadīda" (a new cloak) and "imraʾa qatīl" (a slain woman).