Tafseer of The Cave · Al-Kahf · 18:61
But when they reached the junction between them, they forgot their fish, and it took its course into the sea, slipping away.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The explanation of the meaning of the words of Allah the Exalted: فَلَمَّا بَلَغَا مَجْمَعَ بَيْنِهِمَا نَسِيَا حُوتَهُمَا فَاتَّخَذَ سَبِيلَهُ فِي الْبَحْرِ سَرَبًا (verse 61)
Allah the Exalted means: when Mūsā and his servant-boy reached the confluence of the two seas, as Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us — and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, who said concerning مَجْمَعَ بَيْنِهِمَا: "The confluence of the two seas."
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid — to the same effect.
And His word نَسِيَا حُوتَهُمَا: by nasiyā He means: they left it behind.
As Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us — and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, who said concerning نَسِيَا حُوتَهُمَا: "They lost it."
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid — who said: "They lost it."
Some of the philologists said: The fish was with Yūshaʿ, and he forgot it; yet the forgetting is ascribed to both of them, just as Allah says يَخْرُجُ مِنْهُمَا اللُّؤْلُؤُ وَالْمَرْجَانُ ("from them both come forth pearl and coral"), although it comes forth only from the salt water and not from the sweet.
My own view is that it is permissible to say "they both forgot," because they had taken the fish together as provision for their journey; that one of them carried it was ascribed to them as carrying it jointly, just as one says: "The people set out from such-and-such a place carrying with them this-and-that as provision," although only one of them carried it. But because this took place by their joint decision and at the command of them both, it was ascribed to all of them. Likewise, when the one who carried it forgot where he was, it is said: "The people forgot their provision" — the forgetting is thus ascribed to all because of the forgetting of the one carrying it, and the discourse extends over all, even though the act was that of a single person. So it is also with His word نَسِيَا حُوتَهُمَا, for Allah the Praised addressed the Arabs in their language and in accordance with the modes of expression they employ among themselves.
As for His word يَخْرُجُ مِنْهُمَا اللُّؤْلُؤُ وَالْمَرْجَانُ: our view concerning this verse differs from what has been said about that expression, and we shall explain this — if Allah the Exalted wills — when we reach it.
And His word فَاتَّخَذَ سَبِيلَهُ فِي الْبَحْرِ سَرَبًا: it means that the fish made the way which it traversed in the sea into a sarab.
As al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid, who said concerning فَاتَّخَذَ سَبِيلَهُ فِي الْبَحْرِ سَرَبًا: "The fish made it." By al-sarab is meant: the way and the path; one says sariba fīhi: he passes through it and traverses it.
Then the scholars differed concerning the nature of the sarab: how the fish made its way through the sea into a sarab. Some said: the way it traversed became like a hole (juḥr).
The report of those who said this: Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, who said: Ibn ʿAbbās said concerning سَرَبًا: "Its track was like a hole."
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Salama related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq related to me, on the authority of al-Zuhrī, on the authority of ʿUbayd Allāh ibn ʿAbd Allāh, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, on the authority of Ubayy ibn Kaʿb, who said: the Prophet of Allah ﷺ said, when he mentioned the story of it: "Never did the water close over an opening — except at the place where the fish [had entered the water] — for it remained standing at the place of the fish that had entered it. It closed up like a window-niche (kawwa) until Mūsā had returned to that place, so that he saw its path and said: 'That is what we were seeking.'"
Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Ibn ʿAṭiyya related to us, saying: ʿAmr ibn Thābit related to us, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said concerning فَاتَّخَذَ سَبِيلَهُ فِي الْبَحْرِ سَرَبًا: "He saw the trace of its fins in the mud when it fell into the water." Ibn ʿAbbās made a gesture with his hand.
Others said: its way through the sea became frozen water.
The report of those who said this: Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, who said: "He made his way through the lowland (al-jarr) until he reached the sea, and he traversed it; he traversed no path therein but it became frozen water."
Others said: its way through the sea became stone.
The report of those who said this: Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: "The fish touched nothing in the sea but it dried up and became a rock."
Still others said: rather, he made his way as a sarab over land toward the water, until he reached it — not in the sea.
The report of those who said this: Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning فَاتَّخَذَ سَبِيلَهُ فِي الْبَحْرِ سَرَبًا: "The fish, after its death, was driven together upon the riverbed (al-baṭḥāʾ) after Allah had brought it to life." Ibn Zayd said: Abū Shujāʿ informed me that he saw it and said: "I saw half of a fish with one eye, and the other half without anything."
The correct view, in my judgement, is to say what Allah the Majestic has said: the fish made its way through the sea into a sarab. It is possible that this was a sarab in that the water parted away from the bottom, and it is possible that the water froze, and it is possible that it turned into stone.
The strongest view concerning this is the report transmitted from the Prophet ﷺ, namely what we have mentioned on the authority of Ubayy ibn Kaʿb.