Tafseer of The Night Journey · Al-Israa · 17:8
[Then Allah said], "It is expected, [if you repent], that your Lord will have mercy upon you. But if you return [to sin], We will return [to punishment]. And We have made Hell, for the disbelievers, a prison-bed."
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The explanation of the words of Allah, the Exalted: En als jullie terugkeren, keren Wij terug, en Wij hebben de hel (jahannam) voor de ongelovigen gemaakt als een gevangenis — that is, His words: «And if you return, We shall return, and We have made Hell (jahannam) a prison for the disbelievers» (17:8).
Allah, exalted be His remembrance, says: Perhaps your Lord, O children of Israel, will have mercy upon you after His vengeance upon you through the people whom Allah will send against you to torment them — their being sent to harm your faces — and to enter the mosque as those who entered it the first time entered it; then He delivers you from their hands and rescues you from the humiliation that has come upon you, and raises you up from the feebleness that has afflicted you, so that He gives you thereafter power and prestige. The "ʿasā" of Allah is binding; that is what the people of knowledge (ahl al-ʿilm) mean when they say: The "ʿasā" of Allah is binding — for Allah did that with them: their number increased thereafter, He lifted from them their state of being despised, and appointed kings and prophets from among them. His words, great be His praise, to them are thus: And if you return, O people of the children of Israel, to transgressing My commandments, going against My command, and killing My messengers, then We shall return with killing and taking captive (sibāʾ), and the imposition of humiliation and insignificance upon you. They returned, and Allah returned upon them with His chastisement and the sending down of His wrath.
With what we have said concerning this, the exegetes have also spoken.
Account of who said that:
Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Ibn ʿAṭiyya related to us, on the authority of ʿUmar ibn Thābit, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His words wa-in ʿudtum ʿudnā: "They returned, and He returned; then they returned, and He returned; then they returned, and He returned." He said: Then Allah sent against them three kings of the Persian kings: Sandbadān, Shahrbādhān, and a third one.
Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: After the first and the second [affliction] Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, said: wa-in ʿudtum ʿudnā. He said: They returned, and Allah sent against them the believers.
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda: wa-in ʿudtum ʿudnā — Allah returned upon them with His aid and mercy; the people returned with the worst of what occupied them, and Allah sent against them His vengeance and punishment according to His will — the decree was that Allah sent against them this people of the Arabs; they are tormented by them until the Day of Resurrection (yawm al-qiyāma). Allah, Mighty and Great, says in another verse: wa-idh taʾadhdhana rabbuka la-yabʿathanna ʿalayhim ilā yawmi al-qiyāmati... — the Arabs were sent against them.
Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning wa-in ʿudtum ʿudnā: They returned, and Allah sent against them Muḥammad ﷺ; they now pay the poll-tax for non-Muslims (jizyah) in submission and humiliation.
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning the word of Allah, the Exalted: After this [Allah said:] wa-in ʿudtum — to what you did, such as the killing of Yaḥyā and other prophets — ʿudnā with the like of this.
His words wa-jaʿalnā jahannama li-l-kāfirīna ḥaṣīran: The exegetes differed over the explanation of this. Some said: And We have made Hell (jahannam) a prison (sijn) for the disbelievers in which they are confined.
Account of who said that:
Muḥammad ibn Masʿada related to us, saying: Jaʿfar ibn Sulaymān related to us, on the authority of Abū ʿImrān, concerning wa-jaʿalnā jahannama li-l-kāfirīna ḥaṣīran — he said: a prison.
Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His words wa-jaʿalnā jahannama li-l-kāfirīna ḥaṣīran: that is to say: Allah made their abode therein.
Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda: wa-jaʿalnā jahannama li-l-kāfirīna ḥaṣīran — he said: a confining prison (maḥbis ḥaṣūr).
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda: wa-jaʿalnā jahannama li-l-kāfirīna ḥaṣīran — he said: a prison.
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to us, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning the word of Allah, the Exalted: ḥaṣīran — he said: they are confined therein (yuḥṣarūna).
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid: wa-jaʿalnā jahannama li-l-kāfirīna ḥaṣīran — he said: they are confined therein.
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His words wa-jaʿalnā jahannama li-l-kāfirīna ḥaṣīran: a prison, they are held captive therein, confined therein.
ʿAlī ibn Dāwūd related to us, saying: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ṣāliḥ related to us, saying: Muʿāwiya related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His words wa-jaʿalnā jahannama li-l-kāfirīna ḥaṣīran — he said: a prison.
Others said: its meaning is: We have made Hell for the disbelievers a floor and a resting-place.
Account of who said that:
Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, saying: al-Ḥasan said: Al-ḥaṣīr is a floor and a resting-place. By this statement al-Ḥasan intended that al-ḥaṣīr in this place is the woven mat that is spread out and serves as a floor — for the Arabs call a small mat ḥaṣīr. Thus al-Ḥasan interpreted the meaning of the verse as follows: Allah, the Exalted, has made Hell for the disbelievers within it as a floor and a couch — as He said: lahum min jahannama mihādun wa-min fawqihim ghawāshin. This is a fine explanation and a sound interpretation. The others interpreted it as faʿīl from al-ḥaṣr, that is to say: confinement. I have worked that out with proofs in the sūra al-Baqara. The Arabs also call the prince (king) ḥaṣīr — in the sense that he is secluded, that is to say: set apart from the people — as Labīd said:
wa-maqāmatin ghulbi al-riqābi ka-annahum jinnun ladā bābi al-ḥaṣīri qiyāmu
— by al-ḥaṣīr he means the prince. One also says of the miser ḥaṣūr and ḥaṣr: because he withholds what he possesses of wealth from whoever needs it and holds it back. From this also comes al-ḥaṣr in speech: the inability to bring forth words when one wishes to. And from this also comes al-ḥaṣūr regarding women: the incapacity for that and the keeping away from sexual intercourse. And likewise al-ḥaṣr regarding the bowels: the holding back of it and the inability to evacuate. The root of all of this is the same, even though the expressions differ. The ḥaṣīrān are the two sides, as al-Ṭirimmāḥ said:
qalīlan tatallā ḥājatan thumma ʿūliyat ʿalā kulli mafrūshi al-ḥaṣīrayni bādini
— by al-ḥaṣīrān he means the two sides.
The most correct of what may be said about this, in my view, is: the meaning of wa-jaʿalnā jahannama li-l-kāfirīna ḥaṣīran is: a floor and a couch from which he is not separated — from the mat in the sense of a carpet — because this reading brings together both the meaning of confinement and that of making it a couch; moreover, al-ḥaṣīr in the sense of a carpet is better known in the Arabic language than in the sense of imprisonment. When the Arabs wish to describe something as holding something back, they say: huwa lahu ḥāṣirun or muḥṣirun — but al-ḥaṣīr in the sense of something that confines is not found in their language except when they describe it as the object of an action; it then stands in the form faʿīl with the meaning of mafʿūl bih. Consider the verse of Labīd: ladā bābi al-ḥaṣīr — for he said ladā bābi al-ḥaṣīr because he meant: ladā bābi al-maḥṣūr, so that he converted mafʿūl into faʿīl. As for faʿīl in the sense of al-ḥaṣr as a description of the one who confines — that is not found in the Arabic language; hence I consider the statement of al-Ḥasan to be the closest to correctness. Some of the language scholars of Baṣra claimed that this is permissible, but I see no valid foundation for that claim except in the remote sense that one says: jāʾa ḥaṣīr in the sense of ḥāṣir, as ʿalīm is said in the sense of ʿālim and shahīd in the sense of shāhid — but that is not transmitted for ḥāṣir as it is transmitted for ʿālim and shāhid.