Tafseer of The Night Journey · Al-Israa · 17:46
And We have placed over their hearts coverings, lest they understand it, and in their ears deafness. And when you mention your Lord alone in the Qur'an, they turn back in aversion.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
Allah the Exalted says: And We have placed coverings over the hearts of those who do not believe in the Hereafter, when you recite the Qurʾān to them — and that is the plural of kinānan — and that is what befalls them of abandonment by Allah, so that they do not understand what is recited to them. وَفِي آذَانِهِمْ وَقْرًا (And in their ears a deafness) — that is to say: We have placed in their ears a heaviness that prevents them from hearing it, and a deafness. The waqr (with an open wāw) in the ear is: the heaviness. And the wiqr (with a closed wāw) is: the burden.
And His statement وَإِذَا ذَكَرْتَ رَبَّكَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ وَحْدَهُ (And when you mention your Lord in the Qurʾān, Him alone) — that is to say: when you say, "There is no god but Allah" in the Qurʾān while you recite it — وَلَّوْا عَلَى أَدْبَارِهِمْ نُفُورًا (they turn back upon their heels in flight) — that is to say: they go away and abandon you, fleeing because of your words, out of arrogance and out of holding it too lofty that Allah be honored as the One alone.
A group of the exegetes said something similar to what we have said in this regard.
* Mention of who said that:
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His statement وَإِذَا ذَكَرْتَ رَبَّكَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ وَحْدَهُ وَلَّوْا: "When the Muslims said: 'There is no god but Allah,' the polytheists rejected that and it weighed heavily upon them. Then Satan rallied with his hosts to oppose it — yet Allah refused anything other than to make it succeed, to support it, to grant it victory, and to make it triumph over whoever fought it. It is a saying: whoever disputed it lost, whoever fought it was granted victory over him. Only the people of this island of the Muslims know it — which the rider traverses in a few nights — while one travels a whole lifetime through groups of people who do not know it and do not acknowledge it."
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His statement وَإِذَا ذَكَرْتَ رَبَّكَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ وَحْدَهُ وَلَّوْا عَلَى أَدْبَارِهِمْ نُفُورًا: he said: "Out of aversion to what was uttered, so that they would not hear it — just as the people of Nūḥ thrust their fingers into their ears so as not to hear what he commanded them of seeking forgiveness and repentance, and they drew their garments over themselves." He said: "They wrapped themselves in their garments and stuffed their fingers into their ears so as not to hear and not to be stared at."
Others said: what is meant by His statement وَلَّوْا عَلَى أَدْبَارِهِمْ نُفُورًا are the satans, and that they flee from the recitation of the Qurʾān and the remembrance of Allah.
* Mention of who said that:
Al-Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad al-Dhāriʿ related to me, saying: Rawḥ ibn al-Musayyab Abū Rajāʾ al-Kalbī related to us, saying: ʿAmr ibn Mālik related to us, on the authority of Abū al-Jawzāʾ, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His statement وَإِذَا ذَكَرْتَ رَبَّكَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ وَحْدَهُ وَلَّوْا عَلَى أَدْبَارِهِمْ نُفُورًا: "Those are the satans."
And the view that we have given in this regard most closely resembles what the outward meaning of the revelation indicates, namely that Allah the Exalted followed it with His statement وَإِذَا قَرَأْتَ الْقُرْآنَ جَعَلْنَا بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَ الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْآخِرَةِ حِجَابًا مَسْتُورًا. That it should be a report about them is more fitting when it is connected with the report about them, than that it should be a report about those who had not previously been mentioned. As for al-nufūr: it is the plural of nāfir, just as al-quʿūd is the plural of qāʿid and al-julūs the plural of jālis. And it is also possible that it is a verbal noun expressed from another root, because His statement وَلَّوْا carries the meaning of "they fled away," so that the meaning of the word would be: "they fled away, a fleeing (nufūran)" — as Imruʾ al-Qays said:
And I tamed her, until she became submissive, every strong one — what a taming!
— when "rudtu" (I tamed) carries the meaning of "I made her humble (adhlaltu)," whereupon he expressed "al-idhlāl" from its meaning, not from the literal root.