Tafseer of The Night Journey · Al-Israa · 17:38
All that - its evil is ever, in the sight of your Lord, detested.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
Concerning His word كُلُّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ سَيِّئُهُ عِنْدَ رَبِّكَ مَكْرُوهًا , the Qurʾān reciters differ. Some of the reciters of Medina and most of the reciters of Kufa read: كُلُّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ سَيِّئُهُ عِنْدَ رَبِّكَ مَكْرُوهًا with iḍāfa (annexation), in the sense that: all of that which We mentioned of those matters which We have enumerated from the beginning of Our word وَقَضَى رَبُّكَ أَلَّا تَعْبُدُوا إِلَّا إِيَّاهُ ... up to Our word وَلَا تَمْشِ فِي الْأَرْضِ مَرَحًا — كَانَ سَيِّئُهُ — that is to say: the evil of what We have enumerated for you is detested in the sight of your Lord.
The reciters who held this reading said: It reads كُلُّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ سَيِّئُهُ with iḍāfa, because among that which We have enumerated, beginning from His word وَقَضَى رَبُّكَ أَلَّا تَعْبُدُوا إِلَّا إِيَّاهُ , there are matters that are a command to what is good, such as His word وَبِالْوَالِدَيْنِ إِحْسَانًا , His word وَآتِ ذَا الْقُرْبَى حَقَّهُ , and what resembles that. They said: Not all of it therein is a prohibition of an evil deed; rather there are within it prohibitions of evil deeds and commands to good deeds. Therefore we read 'sayyiʾuhu' (its evil).
Most of the reciters of Medina and Baṣra and some of the reciters of Kufa read: كُلُّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ سَيِّئَةً (with tanwīn), and they said: What is meant by it is: all that We have enumerated, beginning from Our word وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا أَوْلَادَكُمْ خَشْيَةَ إِمْلَاقٍ ; what precedes is not included therein. They said: Everything that We have enumerated from that place to this place is an evil deed with no good in it, so that the correct reading is the tanwīn. The one who adopts this reading must hold that 'makrūhan' (detested) precedes 'sayyiʾa', and that the meaning of the text according to him is: all of that is detested in its evil; for if he were to take 'makrūhan' as a qualifier of 'sayyiʾa', then the reading would have to be: 'kullu dhālika kāna sayyiʾatan ʿinda rabbika makrūhatan' — and that deviates from what is in the muṣḥafs of the Muslims.
The most correct of the two readings in my judgement is the reading of the one who read: كُلُّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ سَيِّئُهُ with iḍāfa of al-sayyiʾ to the hāʾ, with the meaning: all of that which We have enumerated from وَقَضَى رَبُّكَ أَلَّا تَعْبُدُوا إِلَّا إِيَّاهُ ... كَانَ سَيِّئُهُ — for therein are forbidden matters and commanded matters; and the beginning of the strictures and the obligation from that place, not from His word وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا أَوْلَادَكُمْ , is a continuation of what preceded in His word وَقَضَى رَبُّكَ أَلَّا تَعْبُدُوا إِلَّا إِيَّاهُ . When this is so, the reading with iḍāfa of al-sayyiʾ to the hāʾ is more warranted and more fitting than the reading 'sayyiʾatan' with tanwīn, in the meaning of the single evil deed.
The interpretation of the text is therefore: All that which We have mentioned to you of the matters which We have enumerated for you was — as for the evil of it — detested in the sight of your Lord, O Muḥammad; He detests it, prohibits it, and is not pleased with it. So beware of it and do not act according to it.