Tafseer of The Night Journey · Al-Israa · 17:3
O descendants of those We carried [in the ship] with Noah. Indeed, he was a grateful servant.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
He, exalted be His remembrance, says: "We gave Moses the Book and made it a guidance for the Children of Israel" — ذُرِّيَّةَ مَنْ حَمَلْنَا مَعَ نُوحٍ ("the offspring of those whom We carried with Noah"). By "the offspring" He means: all those against whom He, exalted be His praise, establishes the argument by means of this Qurʾān, of all the nations and kinds of mankind — their Arabs and non-Arabs, the Children of Israel and others. This is because everyone on earth who belongs to the sons of Adam is descended from those whom Allah saved with Noah in the ship.
In accordance with what we have said about this, the scholars of exegesis also spoke.
Those who said that are mentioned here:
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning ذُرِّيَّةَ مَنْ حَمَلْنَا مَعَ نُوحٍ: "All people are the offspring of those whom Allah saved in that ship. It has been related to us that on that day none were saved except Noah and his three sons, his wife, and three wives of his sons. They were: Sām, Ḥām, and Yāfith. Sām is the father of the Arabs; Ḥām is the father of the Ethiopians; and Yāfith is the father of the Byzantines."
Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning ذُرِّيَّةَ مَنْ حَمَلْنَا مَعَ نُوحٍ: he said: "His three sons and their wives, and Noah and his wife."
Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us — the two of them said: Muḥammad ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, who said: Mujāhid said: "His sons and their wives and Noah, but not his wife."
This we have already expounded elsewhere in the past, in a manner that makes repetition unnecessary.
As for His word إِنَّهُ كَانَ عَبْدًا شَكُورًا ("indeed, he was a grateful servant"): by "he," Allah, exalted be His remembrance, means Noah. The pronoun refers to Noah: he was a servant grateful to Allah for His favors.
The scholars of exegesis differed concerning the reason why Allah called him "grateful." Some said: Allah called him that because he praised Allah for his food when he ate.
Those who said that are mentioned here:
Muḥammad ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: Yaḥyā and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Mahdī related to us — the two of them said: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of al-Taymī, on the authority of Abū ʿUthmān, on the authority of Salmān, who said: "Noah praised Allah when he put on a garment or partook of food, and thus he was called 'a grateful servant.'"
Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: Yaḥyā and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān related to us — the two of them said: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of Abū Ḥaṣīn, on the authority of ʿAbdullāh ibn Sinān, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Masʿūd: the same.
Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Abū Bakr related to us, on the authority of Abū Ḥaṣīn, on the authority of ʿAbdullāh ibn Sinān, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Masʿūd, who said: "Noah never wore anything new and never ate food without praising Allah. Therefore Allah said عَبْدًا شَكُورًا."
Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: al-Muʿtamir ibn Sulaymān related to us, saying: Sufyān al-Thawrī related to me, saying: Ayyūb related to me, on the authority of Abū ʿUthmān al-Nahdī, on the authority of Salmān, who said: "Noah was called a grateful servant only because he praised Allah when he put on a garment and when he partook of food."
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning ذُرِّيَّةَ مَنْ حَمَلْنَا مَعَ نُوحٍ — of the Children of Israel and others — إِنَّهُ كَانَ عَبْدًا شَكُورًا: he said: "He never let a new garment wear out without praising Allah, and never let a worn garment wear out without praising Allah. When he took a sip to drink, he praised Allah and said: 'All praise be to Allah who gave me this to drink according to my desire, enjoyment, and health.' This is not in his exegesis, but this was related to me."
Al-Qāsim related to me, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Abū Fuḍāla related to us, on the authority of al-Naḍr ibn Shufī, on the authority of ʿImrān ibn Sulaym, who said: "Noah was called a grateful servant only because, when eating food, he said: 'All praise be to Allah who gave me to eat; had He willed, He would have left me hungry.' When he drank he said: 'All praise be to Allah who gave me to drink; had He willed, He would have left me thirsty.' When he put on a garment he said: 'All praise be to Allah who gave me clothing; had He willed, He would have left me naked.' When he put on sandals he said: 'All praise be to Allah who gave me sandals; had He willed, He would have left me barefoot.' When he relieved himself he said: 'All praise be to Allah who relieved me of that harm and made it pass out of me; had He willed, He would have retained it within me.'"
Concerning another aspect, Yūnus related to me the following: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: ʿAbd al-Jabbār ibn ʿUmar related to me that Ibn Abī Maryam informed him, who said: "Allah called Noah a grateful servant only because, when he left the privy, he said: 'All praise be to Allah who made this pass easily for me and made His harm depart from me, and retained what is beneficial of it.'"
Another opinion on this Bishr related to us: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda: "Allah said concerning Noah إِنَّهُ كَانَ عَبْدًا شَكُورًا. It has been related to us that he never wore a new garment without praising Allah. He also commanded that when anyone wore a new garment, he should say: 'All praise be to Allah who gave me clothing with which I make myself appear fair and cover my private parts.'"
Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning إِنَّهُ كَانَ عَبْدًا شَكُورًا: he said: "When he wore a garment he said: 'All praise be to Allah'; and when it became worn out he said: 'All praise be to Allah.'"