Tafseer of The Night Journey · Al-Israa · 17:25
Your Lord is most knowing of what is within yourselves. If you should be righteous [in intention] - then indeed He is ever, to the often returning [to Him], Forgiving.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
Allah, exalted be His mention, says: رَبُّكُمْ O people, أَعْلَمُ your Lord knows better than you بِمَا فِي نُفُوسِكُمْ about what is in your souls — the reverence you show for the cause of your fathers and mothers, the respect you accord them, the charity toward them, but also what is within you of contempt for their rights, disobedience toward them, and other hidden thoughts in your breasts. None of that is hidden from Him, and He will recompense you for it according to whether it is good or evil. So be on your guard against harboring evil toward them and intending disobedience toward them. His word إِن تَكُونُوا صَالِحِينَ (If you are righteous): if you improve your intentions toward them and obey Allah in what He has commanded you of charity toward them and fulfilling their rights upon you, after a misstep that occurred on your part, or an error in a duty they were entitled to claim from you — while you fulfilled the remaining obligations He imposed upon you — then He has ever been forgiving to the al-awwābīn (those who return often) after the misstep, and to the penitent after the sin.
And in the same way as we explained this, the exegetes of the Qurʾān spoke.
Mention of who said that:
Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Ibn Idrīs related to us, saying: I heard my father and my uncle, on the authority of Ḥabīb ibn Abī Thābit, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr concerning رَبُّكُمْ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا فِي نُفُوسِكُمْ: he said: it concerns a fleeting impulse (bādira) of a man toward his parents, while he intends thereby only good; and then Allah said رَبُّكُمْ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا فِي نُفُوسِكُمْ.
Abū al-Sāʾib related to us, saying: Ibn Idrīs related to us, saying: my father informed me, on the authority of Ḥabīb ibn Abī Thābit, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr — the same.
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: al-Ḥakam ibn Bashīr related to us, saying: ʿAmr related to us, on the authority of Ḥabīb ibn Abī Thābit, concerning His word فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ لِلْأَوَّابِينَ غَفُورًا (for He has ever been forgiving to the al-awwābīn): he said: it concerns the man from whom a fleeting impulse issues toward his parents, while his intention and his heart absolve him of it.
The exegetes of the Qurʾān differed among themselves over the interpretation of فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ لِلْأَوَّابِينَ غَفُورًا.
Some of them said: they are those who continually glorify Allah (al-musabbiḥīn).
Mention of who said that:
Sulaymān ibn ʿAbd al-Jabbār related to me, saying: Muḥammad ibn al-Ṣalt related to us, saying: Abū Kudayna related to us; and Ibn Sinān al-Qazzāz related to me, saying: al-Ḥusayn ibn al-Ḥasan al-Ashqar related to us, saying: Abū Kudayna related to us, on the authority of ʿAṭāʾ, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās concerning فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ لِلْأَوَّابِينَ غَفُورًا: he said: the al-awwābīn are the musabbiḥīn.
Al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Abū Khaythama Zuhayr related to us, saying: Abū Isḥāq related to us, on the authority of Abī Maysara, on the authority of ʿAmr ibn Shuraḥbīl: he said: the al-awwāb is the musabbiḥ.
Others said: they are the obedient and the doers of good.
Mention of who said that:
ʿAlī ibn Dāwūd related to me, saying: Abū Ṣāliḥ related to us, saying: Muʿāwiya related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās concerning His word فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ لِلْأَوَّابِينَ غَفُورًا: he said: for the obedient and the doers of good.
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda concerning His word فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ لِلْأَوَّابِينَ غَفُورًا: he said: they are the obedient and the people of prayer (ṣalāh).
Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda concerning فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ لِلْأَوَّابِينَ غَفُورًا: he said: for the obedient and those who pray.
Others said: no, they are those who pray between al-maghrib and al-ʿishāʾ.
Mention of who said that:
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, on the authority of Abī Ṣakhr Ḥumayd ibn Ziyād, on the authority of Ibn al-Munkadir, who raises it (to the Prophet): فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ لِلْأَوَّابِينَ غَفُورًا: he said: the prayer between al-maghrib and al-ʿishāʾ.
Others said: they are those who perform the ḍuḥā prayer (the forenoon prayer).
Mention of who said that:
ʿAmr ibn ʿAlī related to us, saying: Rabāḥ Abū Sulaymān al-Raqqa related to us, saying: I heard ʿAwn al-ʿUqaylī say concerning this verse فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ لِلْأَوَّابِينَ غَفُورًا: those who perform the ḍuḥā prayer.
Others said: no, it is the one who returns from his sin and shows repentance for it.
Mention of who said that:
Aḥmad ibn al-Walīd al-Qurashī related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar related to us, saying: Shuʿba related to us, on the authority of Yaḥyā ibn Saʿīd, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn al-Musayyab that he said concerning this verse فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ لِلْأَوَّابِينَ غَفُورًا: he said: the one who commits a sin and shows repentance for it, then again commits a sin and again shows repentance for it.
Ibn al-Muthannā related to us, saying: Sulaymān ibn Dāwūd related to us, on the authority of Shuʿba, on the authority of Yaḥyā ibn Saʿīd, on the authority of Ibn al-Musayyab: he said: it is the one who sins and shows repentance, then sins again and shows repentance.
Mujāhid ibn Mūsā related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Yaḥyā ibn Saʿīd informed us that he heard Saʿīd ibn al-Musayyab being questioned about this verse. He said: it is the one who sins and shows repentance, then sins again and shows repentance.
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Jarīr ibn Ḥāzim related to me, on the authority of Yaḥyā ibn Saʿīd, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn al-Musayyab — identical.
Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn al-Musayyab — identical.
Al-Ḥasan ibn Yaḥyā related to us: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us: al-Thawrī and Maʿmar, on the authority of Ibn al-Musayyab: he said: the al-awwāb is the one who sins, shows repentance, sins, shows repentance, sins, shows repentance.
Ibn Bashshār related to us, on the authority of Abī Bishr, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr: those who return to good.
Ibn Bashshār related to us, on the authority of Manṣūr, on the authority of Mujāhid, on the authority of ʿUbayd ibn ʿUmayr: the one who recalls his sins in solitude and beseeches Allah for forgiveness for them.
Al-Ḥasan ibn Yaḥyā related to us: al-Thawrī, on the authority of Manṣūr, on the authority of Mujāhid: the al-awwāb is the one who recalls his sins in solitude and beseeches Allah for forgiveness for them.
Ibn Jurayj said, on the authority of Yaḥyā ibn Saʿīd, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn al-Musayyab: the man who sins three times and shows repentance.
Yūnus related to me: Ibn Wahb: Ibn Shurakh, on the authority of ʿUqba ibn Muslim, on the authority of ʿAṭāʾ ibn Yasār: the slave (ʿabd) sins and shows repentance, Allah forgives him; sins again and shows repentance, Allah forgives him; sins a third time, and if he shows repentance, Allah forgives him with a forgiveness that is never effaced.
Al-Ḥasan ibn Yaḥyā related to us: ʿAbd al-Razzāq: Muḥammad ibn Muslim, on the authority of ʿAmr ibn Dīnār, on the authority of ʿUbayd ibn ʿUmayr: we considered the al-awwāb to be the one who says: "O Allah, forgive me what I have committed in this gathering."
The most correct view in our opinion is that of the one who said that the al-awwāb is the one who shows repentance for the sin and who returns from disobedience to Allah to obedience to Him. For al-awwāb is a faʿʿāl pattern, derived from "āba fulān min kadhā" — to return from his journey or from one state to another — as ʿUbayd ibn al-Abraṣ said: "Every absent one returns, but he who has passed away through death does not return." Thus he is a man who returns from his journey, and an awwāb from his sins.