Tafseer of The Night Journey · Al-Israa · 17:12
And We have made the night and day two signs, and We erased the sign of the night and made the sign of the day visible that you may seek bounty from your Lord and may know the number of years and the account [of time]. And everything We have set out in detail.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
Allah the Exalted says — while reminding mankind of His blessings upon them — that among His favors is that He made the sign of the night different from the sign of the day, by darkening the sign of the night and illuminating the sign of the day: so that in the one you may find rest, and in the other move about freely in search of Allah's provision which He, in His mercy, has appointed for you, and so that through their alternation you may know the number of the years and their completion and the beginning of their onset, as well as the reckoning of the hours of the day and the night and their times. وَكُلَّ شَيْءٍ فَصَّلْنَاهُ تَفْصِيلا (And every thing We have set out in detail) — that is to say: every thing We have made plain to you, O mankind, in a decisive manner, so that you may give thanks to Allah for the blessings He has bestowed upon you, and devote worship sincerely to Him, apart from the gods and the idols.
In accordance with what we have said, the exegetes spoke.
* Mention of who said that:
Ibn Humayd related to us, saying: Jarīr related to us, on the authority of ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Rufayʿ, on the authority of Abū al-Tufayl, who said: Ibn al-Kawwāʾ said to ʿAlī: "O Commander of the Believers, what is that mark on the moon?" He said: "Woe to you — do you not read the Qurʾān? فَمَحَوْنا آيَةَ اللَّيْلِ (We erased the sign of the night) — that is the erasing of it."
Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Talq related to us, on the authority of Zāʾida, on the authority of ʿĀsim, on the authority of ʿAlī ibn Rabīʿa, who said: Ibn al-Kawwāʾ asked ʿAlī and said: "What is that darkness on the moon?" ʿAlī said: فَمَحَوْنَا آيَةَ اللَّيْلِ وَجَعَلْنَا آيَةَ النَّهَارِ مُبْصِرَةً (We erased the sign of the night and made the sign of the day visible) — that is the erasing.
Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Rahmān related to us, saying: Isrāʾīl related to us, on the authority of Abū Ishāq, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUmar, who said: "I was with ʿAlī; Ibn al-Kawwāʾ asked him about the darkness on the moon." He said: "That is the sign of the night — it has been erased."
Ibn Abī al-Shawārib related to us, saying: Yazīd ibn Zurayʿ related to us, saying: ʿImrān ibn Hudayr related to us, on the authority of Rufayʿ ibn Abī Kathīr, who said: ʿAlī ibn Abī Tālib (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Ask me what you wish." Ibn al-Kawwāʾ stood up and said: "What is the darkness on the moon?" He said: "May Allah grant you success — rather ask about your religion and your Hereafter! That is the erasing of the night."
Zakariyyā ibn Yahyā ibn Abān al-Misrī related to me, saying: Ibn ʿUfayr related to us, saying: Ibn Lahīʿa related to us, on the authority of Huyyayy ibn ʿAbd Allāh, on the authority of Abū ʿAbd al-Rahmān al-Hubulī, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀs, that a man said to ʿAlī: "What is the darkness on the moon?" He said: "Allah says: وَجَعَلْنَا اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ آيَتَيْنِ فَمَحَوْنَا آيَةَ اللَّيْلِ وَجَعَلْنَا آيَةَ النَّهَارِ مُبْصِرَةً (And We made the night and the day two signs — We erased the sign of the night and made the sign of the day visible)."
Muhammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word وَجَعَلْنَا اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ آيَتَيْنِ فَمَحَوْنَا آيَةَ اللَّيْلِ (And We made the night and the day two signs — We erased the sign of the night): "That is the darkness that the night has."
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Husayn related to us, saying: Hajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, who said: Ibn ʿAbbās said: "The moon used to give light as the sun gives light. The moon is the sign of the night, and the sun the sign of the day. We erased the sign of the night — that is the darkness on the moon."
Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Ibn Abī Zāʾida related to us, saying: Ibn Jurayj mentioned from Mujāhid, concerning His word وَجَعَلْنَا اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ آيَتَيْنِ (And We made the night and the day two signs): "The sun is the sign of the day, and the moon the sign of the night. فَمَحَوْنَا آيَةَ اللَّيْلِ (We erased the sign of the night): that is the darkness on the moon, and thus did Allah create it."
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Husayn related to us, saying: Hajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid: وَجَعَلْنَا اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ آيَتَيْنِ (And We made the night and the day two signs): "a night and a day — thus did Allah create them." Ibn Jurayj said: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Kathīr informed me: فَمَحَوْنَا آيَةَ اللَّيْلِ وَجَعَلْنَا آيَةَ النَّهَارِ مُبْصِرَةً (We erased the sign of the night and made the sign of the day visible): "the darkness of the night and the brightness of the day."
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word وَجَعَلْنَا اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ آيَتَيْنِ فَمَحَوْنَا آيَةَ اللَّيْلِ وَجَعَلْنَا آيَةَ النَّهَارِ مُبْصِرَةً (And We made the night and the day two signs — We erased the sign of the night and made the sign of the day visible): "that is to say: giving light" — and the sun was created more intense than the moon and larger.
Muhammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀsim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Hārith related to me, saying: al-Hasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīh, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning وَجَعَلْنَا اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ آيَتَيْنِ (And We made the night and the day two signs): "a night and a day — thus did Allah make them."
The grammarians differed among themselves about the meaning of His word وَجَعَلْنَا آيَةَ النَّهَارِ مُبْصِرَةً (and We made the sign of the day visible). Some of the grammarians of Kufa said: the meaning is "giving light" — likewise وَالنَّهار مُبْصِرًا (and the day made visible) means "giving light," as though this was said because the day makes people see. Others said: it is derived from "the day saw" — when people are able to see in it, it is "making visible" (mubsir), just as one says "a cowardice-making man" when his family and companions are cowardly, and "a weakness-making man" when his transmitters are weak — thus the day is "making visible" when its inhabitants are able to see.
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning لِتَبْتَغُوا فَضْلا مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ (that you may seek the bounty of your Lord): "He has made ample time available for you."
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning وَكُلَّ شَيْءٍ فَصَّلْنَاهُ تَفْصِيلا (And every thing We have set out in detail): "that is to say: We have made it plain in a decisive manner."