Tabari

Tafseer of The Bee · An-Nahl · 16:75

۞ ضَرَبَ ٱللَّهُ مَثَلًا عَبْدًۭا مَّمْلُوكًۭا لَّا يَقْدِرُ عَلَىٰ شَىْءٍۢ وَمَن رَّزَقْنَٰهُ مِنَّا رِزْقًا حَسَنًۭا فَهُوَ يُنفِقُ مِنْهُ سِرًّۭا وَجَهْرًا ۖ هَلْ يَسْتَوُۥنَ ۚ ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ ۚ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ

Allah presents an example: a slave [who is] owned and unable to do a thing and he to whom We have provided from Us good provision, so he spends from it secretly and publicly. Can they be equal? Praise to Allah! But most of them do not know.

Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.

Tabari (1 passage)

  1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

    Allah, exalted is His remembrance, says: And Allah has set forth a parable for the unbeliever (kāfir) among His servants and the believer (muʾmin) in Him. As for the example of the unbeliever: he performs no acts of obedience to Allah, he does no good, and he does not spend his wealth in any way of Allah, for Allah has abandoned him to the prevalence of His rejection. This is like the owned slave (al-ʿabd al-mamlūk) who possesses nothing to spend. As for the believer: he works in obedience to Allah and spends his wealth in His way, like the free man to whom Allah has granted wealth and who spends from it secretly and openly — that is, whether or not in the presence of people. هَلْ يَسْتَوُونَ — He says: Is the slave who possesses nothing and is capable of nothing equal to that free man to whom Allah has given a good provision and who spends as described? Likewise, the unbeliever who works in disobedience to Allah and transgresses His command, and the believer who works in obedience to Him, are not equal.

    And this accords with what we have said concerning it, as some people of knowledge used to say.

    Those who said this:

    Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلا عَبْدًا مَمْلُوكًا لا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ : This is a parable that Allah has set forth for the unbeliever — He gave him wealth but he laid up no good for the future therein and did not act with it in obedience to Allah. Allah, exalted is His remembrance, says: وَمَنْ رَزَقْنَاهُ مِنَّا رِزْقًا حَسَنًا — this is the believer: Allah gave him wealth and he acted with it in obedience to Allah, observed gratitude, and acknowledged the right of Allah. So Allah rewarded him for the provision He gave him with the lasting, everlasting provision for his people in the Garden (janna). Allah, exalted is His remembrance, says: هَلْ يَسْتَوِيَانِ مَثَلا — By Allah, they are not equal. الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لا يَعْلَمُونَ .

    Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Muhammad ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning عَبْدًا مَمْلُوكًا لا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ : he said: He is the unbeliever — he does not work in obedience to Allah and spends no good. وَمَنْ رَزَقْنَاهُ مِنَّا رِزْقًا حَسَنًا : he said: The believer obeys Allah with his own person and his wealth.

    Muhammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: My father related to me, saying: My uncle related to me, saying: My father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلا عَبْدًا مَمْلُوكًا لا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ : he means: The unbeliever is not able to make a contribution in the way of Allah. وَمَنْ رَزَقْنَاهُ مِنَّا رِزْقًا حَسَنًا فَهُوَ يُنْفِقُ مِنْهُ سِرًّا وَجَهْرًا — he means: the believer. And this parable is about spending.

    And His word الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ — He says: Complete praise belongs to Allah, purely, to the exclusion of what you, O these people, call upon besides Him of idols — so praise Him and nothing of those idols.

    And His word بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لا يَعْلَمُونَ — He says: The matter is not as you do and the statement is not as you claim — the idols have rendered them no favor nor benefit that would entitle them to praise. Praise is only for Allah. But most of these unbelievers who worship them do not know this, and so, in their ignorance concerning what they do and leave undone, they set up those idols as partners to Allah in worship and praise.

    And Mujāhid used to say: Allah set forth this parable and the following parable for His Own Self, and for the gods that are worshipped besides Him.

    Show original Arabic
    يقول تعالى ذكره: وشَبَّه لكم شَبها أيها الناس للكافر من عبيده، والمؤمن به منهم. فأما مثَل الكافر: فإنه لا يعمل بطاعة الله، ولا يأتي خيرا، ولا ينفق في شيء من سبيل الله ماله لغلبة خذلان الله عليه، كالعبد المملوك ، الذي لا يقدر على شيء فينفقه. وأما المؤمن بالله فإنه يعمل بطاعة الله ، وينفق في سبيله ماله كالحر الذي آتاه الله مالا فهو ينفق منه سرّا وجهرا، يقول: بعلم من الناس وغير علم ( هَلْ يَسْتَوُونَ ) يقول هل يستوي العبد الذي لا يملك شيئا ولا يقدر عليه، وهذا الحرّ الذي قد رزقه الله رزقًا حسنًا فهو ينفق كما وَصَف ، فكذلك لا يستوي الكافر العامل بمعاصي الله المخالف أمره ، والمؤمن العامل بطاعته. وبنحو ما قلنا في ذلك كان بعض أهل العلم يقول. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة، قوله ( ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلا عَبْدًا مَمْلُوكًا لا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ ) هذا مثل ضربه الله للكافر، رزقه مالا فلم يقدم فيه خيرا ولم يعمل فيه بطاعة الله، قال الله تعالى ذكره ( وَمَنْ رَزَقْنَاهُ مِنَّا رِزْقًا حَسَنًا ) فهذا المؤمن أعطاه الله مالا فعمل فيه بطاعة الله وأخذ بالشكر ومعرفة حق الله، فأثابه الله على ما رزقه الرزق المقيم الدائم لأهله في الجنة، قال الله تعالى ذكره هَلْ يَسْتَوِيَانِ مَثَلا والله ما يستويان ( الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لا يَعْلَمُونَ ). حدثنا ابن عبد الأعلى، قال: ثنا محمد بن ثور، عن معمر، عن قتادة ( عَبْدًا مَمْلُوكًا لا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ ) قال: هو الكافر لا يعمل بطاعة الله ولا ينفق خيرا( وَمَنْ رَزَقْنَاهُ مِنَّا رِزْقًا حَسَنًا ) قال: المؤمن يطيع الله في نفسه وماله. حدثني محمد بن سعد، قال: ثني أبي، قال: ثني عمي، قال: ثني أبي، عن أبيه، عن ابن عباس، قوله ( ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلا عَبْدًا مَمْلُوكًا لا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ ) يعني: الكافر أنه لا يستطيع أن ينفق نفقة في سبيل الله ( وَمَنْ رَزَقْنَاهُ مِنَّا رِزْقًا حَسَنًا فَهُوَ يُنْفِقُ مِنْهُ سِرًّا وَجَهْرًا ) يعني المؤمن، وهذا المثل في النفقة. وقوله ( الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ ) يقول: الحمد الكامل لله خالصًا دون ما تَدْعُون أيها القوم من دونه من الأوثان فإياه فاحمدوا دونها. وقوله ( بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لا يَعْلَمُونَ ) يقول: ما الأمر كما تفعلون، ولا القول كما تقولون، ما للأوثان عندهم من يد ولا معروف فتُحْمد عليه، إنما الحمد لله ، ولكن أكثر هؤلاء الكفرة الذين يعبدونها لا يعلمون أن ذلك كذلك، فهم بجهلهم بما يأتون ويَذَرون يجعلونها لله شركاء في العبادة والحمد. وكان مجاهد يقول: ضرب الله هذا المثل، والمثل الآخر بعده لنفسه، والآلهة التي تعبد من دونه.