Tafseer of The Bee · An-Nahl · 16:74
So do not assert similarities to Allah. Indeed, Allah knows and you do not know.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
And His statement فَلا تَضْرِبُوا لِلَّهِ الأمْثَالَ — He says: Do not set up similitudes for Allah and do not make comparisons for Him, for He has no equal and no peer.
And this is in accordance with what we have said concerning this, according to the people of interpretation.
Those who said this:
Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: Abū Ḥudhayfa related to us, saying: Shibl related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid: "al-amthāl" are the similitudes (al-ashbāh).
And Muhammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: My father related to me, saying: My uncle related to me, saying: My father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His statement فَلا تَضْرِبُوا لِلَّهِ الأمْثَالَ : he means thereby that they took idols — He says: Do not set up another god besides Me, for there is no god besides Me.
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His statement وَيَعْبُدُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ مَا لا يَمْلِكُ لَهُمْ رِزْقًا مِنَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأرْضِ شَيْئًا وَلا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ : he said: These are the idols that are worshipped besides Allah — they possess for those who worship them no provision, neither harm nor benefit, neither life nor resurrection. And His statement فَلا تَضْرِبُوا لِلَّهِ الأمْثَالَ — for He is One, the Eternal Refuge; He did not beget and was not begotten, and none is His equal. إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ وَأَنْتُمْ لا تَعْلَمُونَ — He says: Allah, O people, knows what is wrong and right in the similitudes that you set up, and everything else of matters that exists, while you do not know what is right or wrong of that.
And the Arabic language scholars differed concerning the grammatical reason why "shayʾan" is in the accusative. Some of the Baṣrans said: it is in the accusative as badal (substitution) for "al-rizq", and the meaning is: they possess no provision — neither little nor much. And some of the Kūfans said: "shayʾan" is in the accusative because "al-rizq" governs it, just as Allah, exalted be His remembrance, said: أَلَمْ نَجْعَلِ الأَرْضَ كِفَاتًا * أَحْيَاءً وَأَمْوَاتًا — that is to say: it comprises the living and the dead. Comparable to it is His statement: أَوْ إِطْعَامٌ فِي يَوْمٍ ذِي مَسْغَبَةٍ * يَتِيمًا ذَا مَقْرَبَةٍ * أَوْ مِسْكِينًا ذَا مَتْرَبَةٍ . And he said: If "al-rizq" and "shayʾ" stood together, it would be permissible for it to be in the genitive: "He possesses no provision of any thing from the heavens." And comparable to it is فَجَزَاءٌ مِثْلُ مَا قَتَلَ مِنَ النَّعَمِ .