Tafseer of The Bee · An-Nahl · 16:44
[We sent them] with clear proofs and written ordinances. And We revealed to you the message that you may make clear to the people what was sent down to them and that they might give thought.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
Allah the Exalted says: We sent, with the clear proofs (bayyināt) and the Scriptures (zubur), men to whom We revealed.
Should someone ask: why does it read "with the clear proofs and the Scriptures" (bi-l-bayyināti wa-l-zubur), and what governs the bāʾ in His words بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ? If you say: it is the verb arsalnā that governs the bāʾ as part of its qualifying clause — is it then permissible for the qualifier of mā, which stands before illā, to stand after illā? And if you say: something else governs the bāʾ, then what is it, and where is the verb that governs the bāʾ?
To this the answer is: the Arabic grammarians differed about this. Some said: the bāʾ in بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ belongs to arsalnā as a qualifier, and they said: illā in this place, and with negation, and with a rhetorical question, everywhere has the meaning of ghayru (other than). They said that the meaning of the expression is: "We sent before you, with the clear proofs and the Scriptures, none other than men to whom We revealed." As an example of this they posit: mā ḍaraba illā akhūka Zaydan and hal kallama illā akhūka ʿAmran — with the meaning of: "Zayd was struck by none other than your brother" and "was ʿAmr addressed by none other than your brother?" As proof they cite the verse of Aws ibn Ḥajar:
Abyanī lubayná lastum bi-yadin illā yadin laysat lahā ʿaḍudu
(O sons of Lubayná, you are no hand other than a hand without a forearm.)
They say: if illā were the ordinary exceptive particle, the expression would be incorrect, for the verb that governs the bāʾ before illā cannot place the second yad in the genitive after illā. But here illā has the meaning of ghayru. They also cite as proof the words of Allah the Exalted: لَوْ كَانَ فِيهِمَا آلِهَةٌ إِلا اللَّهُ and say: illā here has the meaning of ghayru — "if in the two there were gods other than Allah, they would have perished."
Others say: this is on the basis of two separate sentences. The intent is: وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ قَبْلِكَ إِلا رِجَالا — We sent them with the clear proofs and the Scriptures. They say: likewise the expression mā ḍaraba illā akhūka zaydan is intended as: mā ḍaraba illā akhūka — "none other than your brother struck" — and then a new sentence begins: ḍaraba Zaydan ("he struck Zayd"). Likewise: mā marra illā akhūka bi-Zaydin — "none other than your brother passed by" — then: marra bi-Zaydin ("he passed by Zayd"). As proof they cite the verse of al-Aʿshā:
wa-laysa mujīran in atā l-ḥayya khāʾifun wa-lā qāʾilan illā huwa l-mutaʿayyabā
(He is no protector when a fearful man comes to the encampment, nor does he say anything other than what is blameworthy.)
They say: if this rested upon a single construction, it would be wrong, for al-mutaʿayyabā is a qualifier of qāʾil; but it is permissible on the basis of two separate sentences. Likewise too the verse of the other poet:
nubbīʾtu-hum ʿadhdhabū bi-l-nāri jārahum wa-hal yuʿadhdhibu illā llāhu bi-l-nāri
(I was informed that they tormented their neighbor with the Fire — and does any but Allah punish with the Fire?)
The interpretation of the words is then: وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ قَبْلِكَ إِلا رِجَالا نُوحِي إِلَيْهِمْ — We sent them with the clear proofs and the Scriptures, and We revealed to you the Scriptural Reminder (al-Dhikr). The bayyināt are the proofs and arguments that Allah gave to His messengers as signs for their prophethood and as testimonies to the reality of what they brought to them from Allah. The zubur are the Scriptures — the plural of zabūr, from the verb zabartu al-kitāb / dhabartu al-kitāb: when one writes.
In accordance with what we have said about this, the exegetes of the Scripture also spoke.
Mention of who said this:
Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me; he said: my father related to me; he said: my uncle related to me; he said: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās: بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ وَالزُّبُرِ — he said: "The zubur are the Scriptures."
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to us; he said: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us; he said: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me; he said: al-Ḥasan related to us; he said: Warqāʾ related to us — both on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid: بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ وَالزُّبُرِ — he said: "The āyāt. And the zubur are the Scriptures."
Al-Muthanná related to me; he said: Abū Ḥudhayfah related to us; he said: Shibil related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid: he said: "The zubur are the Scriptures."
It was related to me from al-Ḥusayn; he said: I heard Abū Muʿādh say: ʿUbayd ibn Sulaymān related to us; he said: I heard al-Ḍaḥḥāk say concerning His words بِالزُّبُرِ: he means: "with the Scriptures."
His words وَأَنـزلْنَا إِلَيْكَ الذِّكْرَ — He says: We revealed to you, O Muḥammad, this Qurʾān as a reminder and admonition for the people. لِتُبَيِّنَ لِلنَّاسِ — He says: that you may make known to them what has been sent down to them. وَلَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ — He says: that they may reflect upon it and draw a lesson from it, that is: from what We have sent down to you. Al-Muthanná related to us; he said: Isḥāq related to us; he said: ʿAbd al-Razzāq related to us; he said: al-Thawrī related to us; he said: Mujāhid said concerning وَلَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ: "that they may obey."