Tabari

Tafseer of The Bee · An-Nahl · 16:2

يُنَزِّلُ ٱلْمَلَٰٓئِكَةَ بِٱلرُّوحِ مِنْ أَمْرِهِۦ عَلَىٰ مَن يَشَآءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِۦٓ أَنْ أَنذِرُوٓا۟ أَنَّهُۥ لَآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّآ أَنَا۠ فَٱتَّقُونِ

He sends down the angels, with the inspiration of His command, upon whom He wills of His servants, [telling them], "Warn that there is no deity except Me; so fear Me."

Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.

Tabari (1 passage)

  1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

    The Qurʾān-reciters differed concerning the reading of His word يُنـزلُ الْمَلائِكَةَ (He sends down the angels). Most of the reciters of Medina and Kufa read it as yunazzilu l-malāʾikata — with a yāʾ, with tashdīd on the zāʾ, and with "the angels" in the accusative (naṣb) — with the meaning: Allah sends down the angels with the Spirit. Some of the reciters of Baṣra and Mecca read it as yunzilu l-malāʾikata — with a yāʾ, with takhfīf (no tashdīd) on the zāʾ, and with "the angels" in the accusative. It is related of some of the reciters of Kufa that they read: tanzilu l-malāʾikatu — with a tāʾ, with tashdīd on the zāʾ, and with "the angels" in the nominative (rafʿ) — although another reading is also related of them, namely that they followed the reading of the rest of the reciters of their city.

    The most correct reading, in my judgment, is the reading of the one who read: yunazzilu l-malāʾikata — with the meaning: Allah sends down His angels. I have preferred this reading because Allah is the One who sends down His angels with His revelation to His messengers. To ascribe the act to Him is therefore more fitting and more correct. And I prefer yunazzilu with tashdīd over the reading without tashdīd, because Allah, exalted is His praise, sent down the revelation bit by bit upon the one to whom it was sent down, and tashdīd is — given that meaning — more fitting for it than takhfīf.

    The explanation of the text is therefore: Allah sends down His angels with that by which the truth comes to life and falsehood is brought to nothing of His affair عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ (upon whom He wills of His servants) — that is to say: upon whom He wills of His messengers — أَنْ أَنْذِرُوا (that: warn). The first "an" stands in the genitive as a reference to "the Spirit," the second "an" stands in the accusative with "warn." The meaning of the text is: He sends down the angels with the Spirit of His affair, upon whom He wills of His servants, with the message that they are to warn His servants against His violence on account of their disbelief in Him and their assigning of partners to Him in the adoption of gods and idols besides Him. For there is no deity except Me, He says — that is to say: it befits only Me to be Deity, and it is not fitting that anything be worshipped besides Me. Fear Me therefore — that is to say: guard yourselves against Me by fulfilling My obligations, directing worship exclusively to Me, and devoting Lordship exclusively to Me, for therein lies your salvation from ruin.

    In accordance with what we have said about this, the exegetes of the Qurʾān have expressed themselves.

    Mention of who said that:

    Al-Muthanná related to us, saying: Abū Ṣāliḥ related to us, saying: Muʿāwiya related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word يُنـزلُ الْمَلائِكَةَ بِالرُّوحِ : he says: with the revelation.

    Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word يُنـزلُ الْمَلائِكَةَ بِالرُّوحِ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ : he says: He sends down the angels.

    Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us; and al-Muthanná related to me, saying: Abū Ḥudhayfa related to us, saying: Shibl related to us; and al-Muthanná related to me, saying: Isḥāq related to us, saying: ʿAbd Allāh related to us, on the authority of Warqāʾ — all of them together — on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning the word of Allah بِالرُّوحِ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ : no angel descends but with him is a spirit.

    Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, saying: Ibn Jurayj said, Mujāhid said concerning His word يُنـزلُ الْمَلائِكَةَ بِالرُّوحِ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ : no angel descends but with him is a spirit. يُنـزلُ الْمَلائِكَةَ بِالرُّوحِ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ — he said: with the prophethood. Ibn Jurayj said: And I have heard that the Spirit is a creation among the angels; the Spirit descended with it. وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الرُّوحِ قُلِ الرُّوحُ مِنْ أَمْرِ رَبِّي (And they ask you about the Spirit; say: the Spirit belongs to the affair of my Lord).

    Al-Muthanná related to me, saying: Isḥāq related to us, saying: ʿAbd Allāh related to us, on the authority of his father, on the authority of al-Rabīʿ ibn Anas, concerning His word يُنـزلُ الْمَلائِكَةَ بِالرُّوحِ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ أَنْ أَنْذِرُوا أَنَّهُ لا إِلَهَ إِلا أَنَا فَاتَّقُونِ — he said: Every word that our Lord has spoken is a Spirit from Him. وَكَذَلِكَ أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ رُوحًا مِنْ أَمْرِنَا (And thus We have revealed to you a Spirit from Our affair) ... up to His word أَلا إِلَى اللَّهِ تَصِيرُ الأُمُورُ (Know: to Allah do all affairs return).

    Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word يُنـزلُ الْمَلائِكَةَ بِالرُّوحِ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ : he says: He sends down with the mercy and the revelation of His affair. عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ : and chooses messengers from among them for it.

    Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning يُنـزلُ الْمَلائِكَةَ بِالرُّوحِ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ : he said: with the revelation and the mercy.

    As for His word أَنْ أَنْذِرُوا أَنَّهُ لا إِلَهَ إِلا أَنَا فَاتَّقُونِ , its meaning we have already expounded.

    In accordance with what we have said about this, the exegetes of the Qurʾān have expressed themselves.

    Mention of who said that:

    Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word أَنْ أَنْذِرُوا أَنَّهُ لا إِلَهَ إِلا أَنَا فَاتَّقُونِ : Allah sent the messengers only so that Allah alone would be worshipped, His command would be obeyed, and His wrath would be avoided.

    Show original Arabic
    اختلفت القرّاء في قراءة قوله ( يُنـزلُ الْمَلائِكَةَ ) فقرأ ذلك عامَّة قرّاء المدينة والكوفة ( يُنـزلُ الْمَلائِكَةَ ) بالياء وتشديد الزاي ونصب الملائكة، بمعنى ينـزل الله الملائكة بالروح. وقرأ ذلك بعض البصريين وبعض المكيين: " يُنـزلُ المَلائِكَةَ " بالياء وتخفيف الزاي ونصب الملائكة. وحُكي عن بعض الكوفيين أنه كان يقرؤه: " تَنـزلُ المَلائكَةُ" بالتاء وتشديد الزاي والملائكة بالرفع، على اختلاف عنه في ذلك ، وقد رُوي عنه موافقة سائر قرّاء بلده. وأولى القراءات بالصواب في ذلك عندي قراءة من قرأ ( يُنـزلُ الْمَلائِكَةَ ) بمعنى: ينـزل الله ملائكة. وإنما اخترت ذلك، لأن الله هو المنـزل ملائكته بوحيه إلى رسله، فإضافة فعل ذلك إليه أولى وأحقّ واخترت ينـزل بالتشديد على التخفيف، لأنه تعالى ذكره كان ينـزل من الوحي على من نـزله شيئا بعد شيء، والتشديد به إذ كان ذلك معناه ، أولى من التخفيف. فتأويل الكلام: ينـزل الله ملائكته بما يحيا به الحقّ ويضمحلّ به الباطل من أمره ( عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ ) يعني على من يشاء من رسله ( أَنْ أَنْذِرُوا ) فإن الأولى في موضع خفض، ردًا على الروح، والثانية في موضع نصب بأنذروا. ومعنى الكلام: ينـزل الملائكة بالروح من أمره على من يشاء من عباده، بأن أنذروا عبادي سطوتي على كُفرهم بي وإشراكهم في اتخاذهم معي الآلهة والأوثان، فإنه لا إله إلا أنا ، يقول: لا تنبغي الألوهة إلا لي، ولا يصلح أن يُعبد شيء سواي، فاتقون : يقول: فاحذروني بأداء فرائضي وإفراد العبادة وإخلاص الربوبية لي، فإن ذلك نجاتكم من الهلكة. وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك ، قال أهل التأويل. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثنا المثنى، قال: ثنا أبو صالح، قال: ثني معاوية، عن عليّ، عن ابن عباس، قوله ( يُنـزلُ الْمَلائِكَةَ بِالرُّوحِ ) يقول: بالوحي. حدثني محمد بن سعد، قال: ثني أبي، قال: ثني عمي، قال: ثني أبي، عن أبيه، عن ابن عباس، قوله ( يُنـزلُ الْمَلائِكَةَ بِالرُّوحِ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ ) يقول: ينـزل الملائكة (10) . حدثني محمد بن عمرو، قال: ثنا أبو عاصم، قال: ثنا عيسى وحدثني الحارث، قال: ثنا الحسن، قال: ثنا ورقاء وحدثني المثنى، قال: ثنا أبو حُذيفة، قال: ثنا شبل وحدثني المثنى، قال: ثنا إسحاق، قال: ثنا عبد الله، عن ورقاء جميعا، عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد، في قول الله ( بِالرُّوحِ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ ) إنه لا ينـزل ملك إلا ومعه روح. حدثنا القاسم، قال: ثنا الحسين، قال: ثني حجاج، قال: قال ابن جريج، قال مجاهد: قوله ( يُنـزلُ الْمَلائِكَةَ بِالرُّوحِ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ ) قال: لا ينـزل ملك إلا معه روح ( يُنـزلُ الْمَلائِكَةَ بِالرُّوحِ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ ) قال: بالنبوّة. قال ابن جريج: وسمعت أن الروح خلق من الملائكة نـزل به الروح وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الرُّوحِ قُلِ الرُّوحُ مِنْ أَمْرِ رَبِّي . حدثني المثنى، قال: ثنا إسحاق، قال: ثنا عبد الله، عن أبيه، عن الربيع بن أنس، في قوله ( يُنـزلُ الْمَلائِكَةَ بِالرُّوحِ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ أَنْ أَنْذِرُوا أَنَّهُ لا إِلَهَ إِلا أَنَا فَاتَّقُونِ ) قال: كل كلِم تكلم به ربنا فهو روح منه وَكَذَلِكَ أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ رُوحًا مِنْ أَمْرِنَا ... إلى قوله أَلا إِلَى اللَّهِ تَصِيرُ الأُمُورُ . حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة، قوله ( يُنـزلُ الْمَلائِكَةَ بِالرُّوحِ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ ) يقول: ينـزل بالرحمة والوحي من أمره، ( عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ ) فيصطفي منهم رسلا. حدثنا محمد بن عبد الأعلى، قال: ثنا محمد بن ثور، عن معمر، عن قتادة ( يُنـزلُ الْمَلائِكَةَ بِالرُّوحِ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ ) قال: بالوحي والرحمة. وأما قوله ( أَنْ أَنْذِرُوا أَنَّهُ لا إِلَهَ إِلا أَنَا فَاتَّقُونِ ) فقد بيَّنا معناه. وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك ، قال أهل التأويل. * ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة، قوله ( أَنْ أَنْذِرُوا أَنَّهُ لا إِلَهَ إِلا أَنَا فَاتَّقُونِ ) إنما بعث الله المرسلين أن يوحد الله وحده، ويطاع أمره، ويجتنب سخطه. ------------------------ الهوامش: (10) أي بنحو ما قبله ، من حديث المثنى عن ابن عباس ، كما جرت به عادة المؤلف في مواضع كثيرة .