Tafseer of The Bee · An-Nahl · 16:2
He sends down the angels, with the inspiration of His command, upon whom He wills of His servants, [telling them], "Warn that there is no deity except Me; so fear Me."
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The Qurʾān-reciters differed concerning the reading of His word يُنـزلُ الْمَلائِكَةَ (He sends down the angels). Most of the reciters of Medina and Kufa read it as yunazzilu l-malāʾikata — with a yāʾ, with tashdīd on the zāʾ, and with "the angels" in the accusative (naṣb) — with the meaning: Allah sends down the angels with the Spirit. Some of the reciters of Baṣra and Mecca read it as yunzilu l-malāʾikata — with a yāʾ, with takhfīf (no tashdīd) on the zāʾ, and with "the angels" in the accusative. It is related of some of the reciters of Kufa that they read: tanzilu l-malāʾikatu — with a tāʾ, with tashdīd on the zāʾ, and with "the angels" in the nominative (rafʿ) — although another reading is also related of them, namely that they followed the reading of the rest of the reciters of their city.
The most correct reading, in my judgment, is the reading of the one who read: yunazzilu l-malāʾikata — with the meaning: Allah sends down His angels. I have preferred this reading because Allah is the One who sends down His angels with His revelation to His messengers. To ascribe the act to Him is therefore more fitting and more correct. And I prefer yunazzilu with tashdīd over the reading without tashdīd, because Allah, exalted is His praise, sent down the revelation bit by bit upon the one to whom it was sent down, and tashdīd is — given that meaning — more fitting for it than takhfīf.
The explanation of the text is therefore: Allah sends down His angels with that by which the truth comes to life and falsehood is brought to nothing of His affair عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ (upon whom He wills of His servants) — that is to say: upon whom He wills of His messengers — أَنْ أَنْذِرُوا (that: warn). The first "an" stands in the genitive as a reference to "the Spirit," the second "an" stands in the accusative with "warn." The meaning of the text is: He sends down the angels with the Spirit of His affair, upon whom He wills of His servants, with the message that they are to warn His servants against His violence on account of their disbelief in Him and their assigning of partners to Him in the adoption of gods and idols besides Him. For there is no deity except Me, He says — that is to say: it befits only Me to be Deity, and it is not fitting that anything be worshipped besides Me. Fear Me therefore — that is to say: guard yourselves against Me by fulfilling My obligations, directing worship exclusively to Me, and devoting Lordship exclusively to Me, for therein lies your salvation from ruin.
In accordance with what we have said about this, the exegetes of the Qurʾān have expressed themselves.
Mention of who said that:
Al-Muthanná related to us, saying: Abū Ṣāliḥ related to us, saying: Muʿāwiya related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word يُنـزلُ الْمَلائِكَةَ بِالرُّوحِ : he says: with the revelation.
Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His word يُنـزلُ الْمَلائِكَةَ بِالرُّوحِ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ : he says: He sends down the angels.
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us; and al-Muthanná related to me, saying: Abū Ḥudhayfa related to us, saying: Shibl related to us; and al-Muthanná related to me, saying: Isḥāq related to us, saying: ʿAbd Allāh related to us, on the authority of Warqāʾ — all of them together — on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning the word of Allah بِالرُّوحِ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ : no angel descends but with him is a spirit.
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, saying: Ibn Jurayj said, Mujāhid said concerning His word يُنـزلُ الْمَلائِكَةَ بِالرُّوحِ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ : no angel descends but with him is a spirit. يُنـزلُ الْمَلائِكَةَ بِالرُّوحِ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ — he said: with the prophethood. Ibn Jurayj said: And I have heard that the Spirit is a creation among the angels; the Spirit descended with it. وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الرُّوحِ قُلِ الرُّوحُ مِنْ أَمْرِ رَبِّي (And they ask you about the Spirit; say: the Spirit belongs to the affair of my Lord).
Al-Muthanná related to me, saying: Isḥāq related to us, saying: ʿAbd Allāh related to us, on the authority of his father, on the authority of al-Rabīʿ ibn Anas, concerning His word يُنـزلُ الْمَلائِكَةَ بِالرُّوحِ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ أَنْ أَنْذِرُوا أَنَّهُ لا إِلَهَ إِلا أَنَا فَاتَّقُونِ — he said: Every word that our Lord has spoken is a Spirit from Him. وَكَذَلِكَ أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ رُوحًا مِنْ أَمْرِنَا (And thus We have revealed to you a Spirit from Our affair) ... up to His word أَلا إِلَى اللَّهِ تَصِيرُ الأُمُورُ (Know: to Allah do all affairs return).
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word يُنـزلُ الْمَلائِكَةَ بِالرُّوحِ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ : he says: He sends down with the mercy and the revelation of His affair. عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ : and chooses messengers from among them for it.
Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning يُنـزلُ الْمَلائِكَةَ بِالرُّوحِ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ : he said: with the revelation and the mercy.
As for His word أَنْ أَنْذِرُوا أَنَّهُ لا إِلَهَ إِلا أَنَا فَاتَّقُونِ , its meaning we have already expounded.
In accordance with what we have said about this, the exegetes of the Qurʾān have expressed themselves.
Mention of who said that:
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His word أَنْ أَنْذِرُوا أَنَّهُ لا إِلَهَ إِلا أَنَا فَاتَّقُونِ : Allah sent the messengers only so that Allah alone would be worshipped, His command would be obeyed, and His wrath would be avoided.