Tafseer of The Bee · An-Nahl · 16:121
[He was] grateful for His favors. Allah chose him and guided him to a straight path.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
شَاكِرًا لِأَنْعُمِهِ — Allah says: He sincerely expressed his gratitude to Allah for the favors He had bestowed upon him, and in his gratitude for His favors to him he set up no associate alongside Him from among the idols, rivals and the like — as the polytheists of Quraysh did. اجْتَبَاهُ — Allah says: He chose him and selected him for His friendship (khulla). وَهَدَاهُ إِلَى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ — Allah says: and guided him to the straight path, and that is the religion of Islam — not Judaism and not Christianity.
The explanation that we have given of the meaning of أُمَّةً قَانِتًا is also the view of the commentators.
Those who said that:
Zakariyyā ibn Yaḥyā related to me, saying: Ibn Idrīs related to us, on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of al-Ḥakam, on the authority of Yaḥyā ibn al-Jazzār, on the authority of Abī al-ʿUbaydin, that he went to ʿAbdullāh and said: Whom shall we ask if we do not ask you? ʿAbdullāh (Ibn Masʿūd) felt compassion for him and said: Tell me about "al-umma." He said: The one who teaches the people good.
Muḥammad ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: Abū Aḥmad related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of Salama ibn Kuhayl, on the authority of Muslim al-Baṭīn, on the authority of Abī al-ʿUbaydin, that he asked ʿAbdullāh ibn Masʿūd about "al-umma al-qānit". He said: "Al-umma" is the teacher of good, and "al-qānit" is the one obedient to Allah and His Messenger.
Yaʿqūb related to me, saying: Ibn ʿUlayya related to us, on the authority of Manṣūr — that is: Ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān — on the authority of al-Shaʿbī, he said: Farwa ibn Nawfal al-Ashjāʿī related to me: Ibn Masʿūd said: Truly, Muʿādh was an "umma qānit" to Allah, a ḥanīf. I said to myself: Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān is mistaken, for Allah, the Exalted, said: إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ كَانَ أُمَّةً قَانِتًا لِلَّهِ . He said: Do you know what "al-umma" is and what "al-qānit" is? I said: Allah knows best. He said: "Al-umma" is the one who teaches good, and "al-qānit" is the one who is obedient to Allah and His Messenger. And such was Muʿādh ibn Jabal — he taught good and was obedient to Allah and His Messenger.
Muḥammad ibn al-Muthannā related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar related to us, saying: Shuʿba related to us: he said: I heard Firās relate a tradition, on the authority of al-Shaʿbī, on the authority of Masrūq, on the authority of ʿAbdullāh ibn Masʿūd, that he said: Muʿādh was an "umma qānit" to Allah. He said: A man of Ashjaʿ named Farwa ibn Nawfal said: He is mistaken — that rather concerns Ibrāhīm. ʿAbdullāh said: Who is mistaken? We only likened him to Ibrāhīm. He said: And ʿAbdullāh was asked about "al-umma" and he said: the teacher of good. "Al-qānit": the one obedient to Allah and His Messenger.
Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of Firās, on the authority of al-Shaʿbī, on the authority of Masrūq: he said: I recited to ʿAbdullāh this verse: إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ كَانَ أُمَّةً قَانِتًا لِلَّهِ . He said: Muʿādh was an "umma qānit". He said: Do you know what "al-umma" is? "Al-umma" is the one who teaches the people good. "Al-qānit": the one who obeys Allah and His Messenger.
Abū Hishām al-Rifāʿī related to us, saying: Ibn Fuḍayl related to us, saying: Bayān ibn Bishr al-Bajalī related to us, on the authority of al-Shaʿbī: he said: ʿAbdullāh said: Truly, Muʿādh was an "umma qānit" to Allah, a ḥanīf, and he was not among the polytheists. A man said to him: You are mistaken. He said: No, rather he resembles Ibrāhīm. "Al-umma" is the teacher of good, and "al-qānit" is the obedient one.
ʿAlī ibn Saʿīd al-Kindī related to me, saying: ʿAbdullāh ibn al-Mubārak related to us, on the authority of Ibn ʿAwn, on the authority of al-Shaʿbī concerning His word إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ كَانَ أُمَّةً قَانِتًا لِلَّهِ حَنِيفًا : he said: obedient.
Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Abū Bakr related to us: he said: ʿAbdullāh said: Truly, Muʿādh was an "umma qānit", the teacher of good.
Various things have been mentioned about "al-umma" concerning which there is disagreement. It was said: وَادَّكَرَ بَعْدَ أُمَّةٍ means: after a certain time. And أُمَّةً وَسَطًا (a middle community).
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Ḥakkām related to us, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Sābiq, on the authority of Layth, on the authority of Shahr ibn Ḥawshab: he said: The earth is never empty of fourteen persons through whom Allah protects the inhabitants of the earth and brings forth its blessings, except in the time of Ibrāhīm — for he was alone.
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Hushaym informed us, saying: Sayyār informed us, on the authority of al-Shaʿbī; and Zakariyyā and Mujālid informed us, on the authority of al-Shaʿbī, on the authority of Masrūq, on the authority of Ibn Masʿūd, something similar to the tradition of Yaʿqūb on the authority of Ibn ʿUlayya — with the addition: "Al-umma" is the one who teaches good and who is taken as an example and followed. "Al-qānit": the one obedient to Allah and to the Messenger. Abū Farwa al-Kindī said to him: You are mistaken.
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us — both on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid: إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ كَانَ أُمَّةً — on his own; قَانِتًا لِلَّهِ — he said: obedient.
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid, something similar, except that he said: obedient to Allah in the world.
Ibn Jurayj said: ʿUwaymir informed me, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, that he said: qānitan: obedient.
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda concerning His word إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ كَانَ أُمَّةً قَانِتًا لِلَّهِ : he said: He was a leader of right guidance, obedient, whose custom and religion are followed.
Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda, that Ibn Masʿūd said: Muʿādh ibn Jabal was an "umma qānit". Qatāda cited someone other than Qatāda: Ibn Masʿūd said: Do you know what "al-umma" is? The one who teaches good.
Al-Ḥasan ibn Yaḥyā related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: al-Thawrī informed us, on the authority of Firās, on the authority of al-Shaʿbī, on the authority of Masrūq: he said: I recited to ʿAbdullāh ibn Masʿūd: إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ كَانَ أُمَّةً قَانِتًا . He said: Truly, Muʿādh was an "umma qānit". He said: They repeated it and he repeated it to them, then said: Do you know what "al-umma" is? The one who teaches the people good. "Al-qānit": the one who obeys Allah.
The meaning of "al-umma" and its aspects, and the meaning of "al-qānit" with the disagreements about it, we have already expounded with evidence elsewhere in our work, so that repeating it here is superfluous.