Tafseer of The Rock · Al-Hijr · 15:8
We do not send down the angels except with truth; and the disbelievers would not then be reprieved.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The Qurʾān reciters differed in the reading of His word مَا نُنـزلُ الْمَلائِكَةَ . Most of the reciters of Medina and Basra read this as مَا تَنـزلُ الْمَلائِكَةُ — with a tāʾ in tanazzalu with a fatḥa upon it, and the angels in the nominative case — with the meaning: the angels descend, attributing the action to the angels. Most of the reciters of the people of Kūfa read it as مَا نُنـزلُ الْمَلائِكَةَ — with a nūn in nunazzilu, with tashdīd on the zāy, and the angels in the accusative case — with the meaning: We cause them to descend, with al-malāʾika (the angels) being in the accusative case by making nunazzilu govern it. And some of the reciters of the people of Kūfa read it as مَا تُنـزلُ الْمَلائِكَةُ — with the angels in the nominative case and a tāʾ in tunazzalu with a ḍamma upon it, in the manner of the passive construction.
Abū Jaʿfar said: all three of these readings are close to one another in meaning, for when Allah sends the angels down to one of His messengers they descend to him, and when they descend to him, they descend only by the sending down of Allah. Whoever reads any of these three readings hits upon what is correct. Although I would prefer that the reader not depart from one of the two readings I have mentioned — namely the reading of the people of Medina, and the other reading which the majority of the reciters of Kūfa hold — for those are the well-known readings among the common people. The third reading — I mean the reading of whoever reads this as مَا تُنـزلُ with a ḍamma on the tāʾ in tunazzalu, with the angels in the nominative case — is a rare reading which few have transmitted.
The explanation of the passage is then: We send Our angels down only with the truth — that is to say: with the message to Our messengers, or with the punishment for whomever We wish to punish. Had We sent them down to these polytheists (al-mushrikīn) as they ask — as a sign before you — and had they thereafter shown disbelief, then they would have been granted no respite until a punishment was deferred; rather, they would have been confronted with it immediately, just as We did before with the nations that came before them, who asked for signs and showed disbelief when the signs came to them, whereupon We seized them swiftly with the punishment.
In accordance with what we have said concerning His word مَا نُنـزلُ الْمَلائِكَةَ إِلا بِالْحَقِّ spoke the scholars of the tafsīr.
Mention of those who said that:
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥāriṯ related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us; and al-Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad related to us, saying: Šabāba related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us; and al-Muṯannā related to me, saying: Abū Ḥuḏayfa related to us, saying: Šibl related to us — all on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His word مَا نُنـزلُ الْمَلائِكَةَ إِلا بِالْحَقِّ — he said: with the message and the punishment.
Al-Qāsim related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, saying: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid — accordingly.