Tafseer of Joseph · Yusuf · 12:58
And the brothers of Joseph came [seeking food], and they entered upon him; and he recognized them, but he was to them unknown.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The explanation of the words of Allah, the Exalted: وَجَاءَ إِخْوَةُ يُوسُفَ فَدَخَلُوا عَلَيْهِ فَعَرَفَهُمْ وَهُمْ لَهُ مُنْكِرُونَ (And the brothers of Yūsuf came and entered upon him; he recognized them, but they did not know him. — 12:58)
Abū Jaʿfar says: Allah, the Exalted, says: (wa-jāʾa ikhwatu Yūsufa fa-dakhalū ʿalayhi fa-ʿarafahum) — Yūsuf; (wa-hum) — concerning Yūsuf — (munkirūna): they do not know him.
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The occasion of their coming to Yūsuf was, according to what has been related to me, as follows:
19463 — Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Salama related to us, on the authority of Ibn Isḥāq, who said: After Yūsuf had established his position in his kingship and was delivered from the trial he had undergone, and the fertile years had passed during which he had commanded them to lay up provisions for the years which he had informed them would come, the people in all regions suffered hardship, and they set out for Egypt seeking food provisions from all the cities. Yūsuf, after he saw how heavily it weighed upon the people, established equality among them in the distribution; he loaded for a man no more than a single camel, and likewise did not load for one man two camels — as a fair distribution among the people and as a relief for them. His brothers came to him, together with those who arrived to him from among the people, to seek provisions from Egypt; he recognized them while they did not know him — because of what Allah willed to bring about for Yūsuf, peace be upon him, in what He willed.
19464 — Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, saying: ʿAmr related to us, on the authority of Asbāṭ, on the authority of al-Suddī, who said: Hunger struck the people, until it also struck the land of Yaʿqūb where he resided; he sent his sons to Egypt and kept with him Yūsuf's brother, Binyāmīn. When they entered upon Yūsuf, he recognized them while they did not know him; and when he looked at them, he said: "Tell me what your affair is, for I find your state strange!" They said: "We are a people from the land of Syria." He said: "What brought you?" They said: "We have come to seek food." He said: "You are lying, you are spies; how many are you?" They said: "Ten." He said: "You are ten thousand: each man of you is the leader of a thousand; tell me your story." They said: "We are brothers, sons of a truthful man; we were twelve; our father loved a brother of ours, and he went out with us into the desert and died there among us; and he was the dearest of us to our father." He said: "To whom did your father turn after him?" They said: "To a brother of ours, younger than him." He said: "How do you tell me that your father is a truthful man while he loves the youngest of you over the eldest? Bring me this brother of yours so that I may see him; فَإِنْ لَمْ تَأْتُونِي بِهِ فَلا كَيْلَ لَكُمْ عِنْدِي وَلا تَقْرَبُونِ * قَالُوا سَنُرَاوِدُ عَنْهُ أَبَاهُ وَإِنَّا لَفَاعِلُونَ." He said: "Leave one of you behind as a pledge until you return." And they left behind Shimʿūn.
19465 — Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda: (wa-hum lahu munkirūna): he said: they do not know him.