Tabari

Tafseer of Hud · Hud · 11:3

وَأَنِ ٱسْتَغْفِرُوا۟ رَبَّكُمْ ثُمَّ تُوبُوٓا۟ إِلَيْهِ يُمَتِّعْكُم مَّتَٰعًا حَسَنًا إِلَىٰٓ أَجَلٍۢ مُّسَمًّۭى وَيُؤْتِ كُلَّ ذِى فَضْلٍۢ فَضْلَهُۥ ۖ وَإِن تَوَلَّوْا۟ فَإِنِّىٓ أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمْ عَذَابَ يَوْمٍۢ كَبِيرٍ

And [saying], "Seek forgiveness of your Lord and repent to Him, [and] He will let you enjoy a good provision for a specified term and give every doer of favor his favor. But if you turn away, then indeed, I fear for you the punishment of a great Day.

Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.

Tabari (1 passage)

  1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

    The explanation of the word of Allah the Exalted: وَأَنِ اسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ ثُمَّ تُوبُوا إِلَيْهِ يُمَتِّعْكُمْ مَتَاعًا حَسَنًا إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى وَيُؤْتِ كُلَّ ذِي فَضْلٍ فَضْلَهُ وَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَإِنِّي أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمْ عَذَابَ يَوْمٍ كَبِيرٍ (''And ask forgiveness of your Lord, and then turn to Him in repentance. He will provide you with a goodly enjoyment until an appointed term. And He gives to every possessor of merit his merit. And if you turn away, then indeed I fear for you the punishment of a great day.'') (3)

    Abū Jaʿfar said: Allah the Exalted says: Then His verses were expounded with the prohibition of worshipping anyone but Allah, and with the command: ''Ask forgiveness of your Lord.'' By His word: (''and ask forgiveness of your Lord'') He means: Perform, O people, the deeds that make your Lord pleased with you, so that He may draw a veil over your great sins — the sins that you have committed by worshipping idols and images, and by making partners and rivals to Him in His worship.

    And His word: (''and then turn to Him in repentance'') — He says: Then return to your Lord by worshipping Him alone, apart from all else that you worship besides Him, after casting off the rivals and disassociating yourselves from worshipping them.

    That is why it was said: (''and ask forgiveness of your Lord, and then turn to Him in repentance''), and not: ''and turn to Him in repentance'' — for ''repentance'' (tawba) means returning to acting in obedience to Allah, and asking for forgiveness (istighfār) is for forgiveness of the shirk to which they clung. Acting for Allah is not a deed for Him except after one abandons shirk; for insofar as it pertains to shirk, the deed is only for Satan. That is why Allah the Exalted commanded them to repentance to Him after asking forgiveness of shirk. For the people of shirk were of the opinion that they were obeying Allah in much of their actions, while they persisted in their shirk.

    And His word: (''He will provide you with a goodly enjoyment until an appointed term'') — Allah the Exalted says to the polytheists (mushrikīn) whom He was addressing with this: Ask forgiveness of your Lord and then turn to Him in repentance. For if you do that, He will provide for you abundantly in the worldly life, and grant you its adornments, and give you a respite in your terms until the time at which He has decreed death for you.

    And the exegetes of the Qurʾān have expressed concordant opinions regarding the explanation of this.

    Mention of those who said this:

    17928 — Bishr related to us, he said: Yazīd related to us, he said: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda concerning the word: (''He will provide you with a goodly enjoyment until an appointed term'') — you are in that enjoyment. So take up obedience to Allah and the acknowledgment of His right over you, for Allah is a Benefactor who loves the grateful. The people of gratitude receive more from Allah, and that is His judgment which He has decreed.

    And His word: (''until an appointed term''), by it He means death.

    17929 — Al-Muthanná related to me, he said: Abū Ḥudhayfa related to us, he said: Shibl related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid: (''until an appointed term''), he said: death.

    17930 — Bishr related to us, he said: Yazīd related to us, he said: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda concerning the word: (''until an appointed term''), that is death.

    17931 — Al-Ḥasan related to us, he said: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, he said: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of Qatāda: (''until an appointed term''), he said: death.

    And as for His word: (''And He gives to every possessor of merit his merit'') — He means: He rewards everyone who distinguishes himself by bestowing his wealth or his strength or his beneficence upon others, sincere in that, intending the face of Allah — with the richest reward and favor in the hereafter, such as:

    17932 — Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, he said: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, he said: ʿĪsā related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid: (''And He gives to every possessor of merit his merit''), he said: what he has done at the expense of his wealth, or labor with his hand or his foot, or a word, or anything voluntary in his affair.

    17933 — Al-Muthanná related to me, he said: Abū Ḥudhayfa related to us, he said: Shibl related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, he said,

    17934 — ... and Isḥāq related to us, he said: ʿAbdallāh related to us, on the authority of Warqāʾ, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, likewise — but he said: or handiwork with his hands or his feet and his speaking, and anything voluntary in his affair.

    17935 — Al-Qāsim related to us, he said: Al-Ḥusayn related to us, he said: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid: likewise — but he said: and all that he uttered in his affair.

    17936 — Bishr related to us, he said: Yazīd related to us, he said: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda: (''And He gives to every possessor of merit his merit''), that is to say: in the hereafter.

    It has also been related from Ibn Masʿūd that he said concerning the explanation of this what follows:

    17937 — It was related to me from al-Musayyab ibn Sharīk, on the authority of Abū Bakr, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of Ibn Masʿūd concerning the word: (''And He gives to every possessor of merit his merit''), he said: Whoever performs a bad deed, one bad deed is recorded against him. Whoever performs a good deed, ten good deeds are recorded for him. If he is punished in the worldly life for the bad deed he has performed, ten good deeds remain for him. And if he is not punished for it in the worldly life, one of the ten good deeds is deducted and nine remain for him. Then he says: ''Ruined is he who lets his single one overcome his ten!''.

    And His word: (''And if you turn away, then indeed I fear for you the punishment of a great day'') — Allah the Exalted says: And if they turn away from what I call them to, of worshipping Allah alone and abandoning the worship of the gods, and refuse to ask Allah for forgiveness and to turn to Him in repentance — and they then turn about and turn their backs — then I fear, O people, for you (''the punishment of a great day'') — great in its import, tremendous in its terror. And that is the day on which every soul is requited for what it has earned, and they are not wronged.

    And Allah the Exalted says: (''And if you turn away, then indeed I fear for you the punishment of a great day''), but this is something preceded by a form of direct address. The Arabs use the form of direct address when they have had a discourse precede, then switch over to the form of reporting about the absent, and then return to the form of direct address. This we have clarified in other places, so that there is no need to repeat it here.

    Show original Arabic
    القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : وَأَنِ اسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ ثُمَّ تُوبُوا إِلَيْهِ يُمَتِّعْكُمْ مَتَاعًا حَسَنًا إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى وَيُؤْتِ كُلَّ ذِي فَضْلٍ فَضْلَهُ وَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَإِنِّي أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمْ عَذَابَ يَوْمٍ كَبِيرٍ (3) قال أبو جعفر : يقول تعالى ذكره: ثم فصلت آياته ، بأن لا تعبدوا إلا الله ، وبأن استغفروا ربكم. ويعني بقوله: (وأن استغفروا ربكم) ، وأن اعملوا أيها الناس من الأعمال ما يرضي ربكم عنكم، فيستر عليكم عظيمَ ذنوبكم التي ركبتموها بعبادتكم الأوثان والأصنام ، وإشراككم الآلهة والأنداد في عبادته. (19) وقوله: (ثم توبوا إليه) ، يقول: ثم ارجعوا إلى ربكم بإخلاص العبادة له دون ما سواه من سائر ما تعبدون من دونه بعد خلعكم الأنداد وبراءتكم من عبادتها. (20) ولذلك قيل: (وأن استغفروا ربكم ثم توبوا إليه) ، ولم يقل: " وتوبوا إليه " ، لأن " التوبة " معناها الرجوع إلى العمل بطاعة الله، والاستغفار: استغفار من الشرك الذي كانوا عليه مقيمين، والعملُ لله لا يكون عملا له إلا بعد ترك الشرك به، فأما الشرك فإنّ عمله لا يكون إلا للشيطان، فلذلك أمرهم تعالى ذكره بالتوبة إليه بعد الاستغفار من الشرك، لأن أهل الشرك كانوا يرون أنهم يُطِيعون الله بكثير من أفعالهم ، وهم على شركهم مقيمون. وقوله: (يمتعكم متاعًا حسنًا إلى أجل مسمى)، يقول تعالى ذكره للمشركين الذين خاطبهم بهذه الآيات: استغفروا ربكم ثم توبوا إليه، فإنكم إذا فعلتم ذلك بسط عليكم من الدنيا ورزقكم من زينتها، وأنسأ لكم في آجالكم إلى الوقت الذي قضى فيه عليكم الموت. (21) * * * وبنحو الذي قلنا في تأويل ذلك قال أهل التأويل. *ذكر من قال ذلك: 17928- حدثنا بشر قال ، حدثنا يزيد قال ، حدثنا سعيد، عن قتادة قوله: (يمتعكم متاعًا حسنًا إلى أجل مسمى) ، فأنتم في ذلك المتاع ، فخذوا بطاعة الله ومعرفة حقّه، فإن الله منعم يحبّ الشاكرين ، وأهل الشكر في مزيدٍ من الله، وذلك قضاؤه الذي قضى. * * * وقوله: (إلى أجل مسمى)، يعني الموت. 17929- حدثني المثنى قال ، حدثنا أبو حذيفة قال ، حدثنا شبل، عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد: (إلى أجل مسمى) ، قال: الموت. 17930- حدثنا بشر قال ، حدثنا يزيد قال ، حدثنا سعيد، عن قتادة قوله: (إلى أجل مسمى) ، وهو الموت . 17931- حدثنا الحسن قال أخبرنا عبد الرزاق قال، أخبرنا معمر، عن قتادة: (إلى أجل مسمى)، قال: الموت. * * * وأما قوله: (ويؤت كل ذي فضل فضله) ، فإنه يعني: يثيب كل من تفضَّل بفضل ماله أو قوته أو معروفه على غيره محتسبًا بذلك ، مريدًا به وجه الله ، أجزلَ ثوابه وفضله في الآخرة، كما:- 17932- حدثني محمد بن عمرو قال ، حدثنا أبو عاصم قال ، حدثنا عيسى، عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد: (ويؤت كل ذي فضل فضله) ، قال: ما احتسب به من ماله، أو عمل بيده أو رجله، أو كَلِمة، أو ما تطوَّع به من أمره كله. 17933- حدثني المثنى قال ، حدثنا أبو حذيفة قال ، حدثنا شبل، عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد قال ، 17934-. . . . وحدثنا إسحاق قال ، حدثنا عبد الله، عن ورقاء، عن ابن أبي نجيح، عن مجاهد ، بنحوه ، إلا أنه قال: أو عملٍ بيديه أو رجليه وكلامه، وما تطوَّل به من أمره كله. 17935- حدثنا القاسم قال: حدثنا الحسين قال: حدثني حجاج، عن ابن جريج، عن مجاهد بنحوه ، إلا أنه قال: وما نطق به من أمره كله. 17936- حدثنا بشر قال ، حدثنا يزيد قال ، حدثنا سعيد، عن قتادة: (ويؤت كل ذي فضل فضله) ، أي : في الآخرة. * * * وقد روي عن ابن مسعود أنه كان يقول في تأويل ذلك ما:- 17937- حدثت به عن المسيب بن شريك، عن أبي بكر، عن سعيد بن جبير، عن ابن مسعود، في قوله: (ويؤت كل ذي فضل فضله) ، قال: من عمل سيئة كتبت عليه سيئة، ومن عمل حسنة كتبت له عشر حسنات. فإن عوقب بالسيئة التي كان عملها في الدنيا بقيت له عشر حسنات. وإن لم يعاقب بها في الدنيا أخذ من الحسنات العشر واحدة ، وبقيت له تسع حسنات. ثم يقول: هلك من غلب آحادُه أعشارَه !! * * * وقوله: (وإن تولوا فإني أخاف عليكم عذاب يوم كبير) ، يقول تعالى ذكره: وإن أعرضوا عما دعوتُهم إليه ، (22) من إخلاص العبادة لله ، وترك عبادة الآلهة ، وامتنعوا من الاستغفار لله والتوبة إليه ، فأدبروا مُوَلِّين عن ذلك، (فإني) ، أيها القوم ، (أخاف عليكم عذاب يوم كبير) شأنُه , عظيمٍ هَوْلُه، وذلك يوم تجزى كل نفس بما كسبت وهم لا يظلمون. * * * وقال جل ثناؤه: (وإن تولوا فإني أخاف عليكم عذاب يوم كبير) ، ولكنه مما قد تقدّمه قولٌ، والعرب إذا قدَّمت قبل الكلام قولا خاطبت ، ثم عادت إلى الخبر عن الغائب ، ثم رجعت بعدُ إلى الخطاب، وقد بينا ذلك في غير موضع ، بما أغنى عن إعادته في هذا الموضع. (23) -------------------------- الهوامش : (19) انظر تفسير " الاستغفار " فيما سلف من فهارس اللغة ( غفر ) . (20) انظر تفسير " التوبة " فيما سلف من فهارس اللغة ( توب ) . (21) انظر تفسير " المتاع " فيما سلف من فهارس اللغة ( متع ) . ، وتفسير " الأجل المسمى " فيما سلف من فهارس اللغة ( أجل ) . (22) انظر تفسير " التولي " فيما سلف من فهارس اللغة ( ولى ) . (23) انظر ما سلف 13 : 314 ، تعليق ، 3 : والمراجع هناك .