Tafseer of Hud · Hud · 11:3
And [saying], "Seek forgiveness of your Lord and repent to Him, [and] He will let you enjoy a good provision for a specified term and give every doer of favor his favor. But if you turn away, then indeed, I fear for you the punishment of a great Day.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The explanation of the word of Allah the Exalted: وَأَنِ اسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ ثُمَّ تُوبُوا إِلَيْهِ يُمَتِّعْكُمْ مَتَاعًا حَسَنًا إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى وَيُؤْتِ كُلَّ ذِي فَضْلٍ فَضْلَهُ وَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَإِنِّي أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمْ عَذَابَ يَوْمٍ كَبِيرٍ (''And ask forgiveness of your Lord, and then turn to Him in repentance. He will provide you with a goodly enjoyment until an appointed term. And He gives to every possessor of merit his merit. And if you turn away, then indeed I fear for you the punishment of a great day.'') (3)
Abū Jaʿfar said: Allah the Exalted says: Then His verses were expounded with the prohibition of worshipping anyone but Allah, and with the command: ''Ask forgiveness of your Lord.'' By His word: (''and ask forgiveness of your Lord'') He means: Perform, O people, the deeds that make your Lord pleased with you, so that He may draw a veil over your great sins — the sins that you have committed by worshipping idols and images, and by making partners and rivals to Him in His worship.
And His word: (''and then turn to Him in repentance'') — He says: Then return to your Lord by worshipping Him alone, apart from all else that you worship besides Him, after casting off the rivals and disassociating yourselves from worshipping them.
That is why it was said: (''and ask forgiveness of your Lord, and then turn to Him in repentance''), and not: ''and turn to Him in repentance'' — for ''repentance'' (tawba) means returning to acting in obedience to Allah, and asking for forgiveness (istighfār) is for forgiveness of the shirk to which they clung. Acting for Allah is not a deed for Him except after one abandons shirk; for insofar as it pertains to shirk, the deed is only for Satan. That is why Allah the Exalted commanded them to repentance to Him after asking forgiveness of shirk. For the people of shirk were of the opinion that they were obeying Allah in much of their actions, while they persisted in their shirk.
And His word: (''He will provide you with a goodly enjoyment until an appointed term'') — Allah the Exalted says to the polytheists (mushrikīn) whom He was addressing with this: Ask forgiveness of your Lord and then turn to Him in repentance. For if you do that, He will provide for you abundantly in the worldly life, and grant you its adornments, and give you a respite in your terms until the time at which He has decreed death for you.
And the exegetes of the Qurʾān have expressed concordant opinions regarding the explanation of this.
Mention of those who said this:
17928 — Bishr related to us, he said: Yazīd related to us, he said: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda concerning the word: (''He will provide you with a goodly enjoyment until an appointed term'') — you are in that enjoyment. So take up obedience to Allah and the acknowledgment of His right over you, for Allah is a Benefactor who loves the grateful. The people of gratitude receive more from Allah, and that is His judgment which He has decreed.
And His word: (''until an appointed term''), by it He means death.
17929 — Al-Muthanná related to me, he said: Abū Ḥudhayfa related to us, he said: Shibl related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid: (''until an appointed term''), he said: death.
17930 — Bishr related to us, he said: Yazīd related to us, he said: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda concerning the word: (''until an appointed term''), that is death.
17931 — Al-Ḥasan related to us, he said: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, he said: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of Qatāda: (''until an appointed term''), he said: death.
And as for His word: (''And He gives to every possessor of merit his merit'') — He means: He rewards everyone who distinguishes himself by bestowing his wealth or his strength or his beneficence upon others, sincere in that, intending the face of Allah — with the richest reward and favor in the hereafter, such as:
17932 — Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, he said: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, he said: ʿĪsā related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid: (''And He gives to every possessor of merit his merit''), he said: what he has done at the expense of his wealth, or labor with his hand or his foot, or a word, or anything voluntary in his affair.
17933 — Al-Muthanná related to me, he said: Abū Ḥudhayfa related to us, he said: Shibl related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, he said,
17934 — ... and Isḥāq related to us, he said: ʿAbdallāh related to us, on the authority of Warqāʾ, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, likewise — but he said: or handiwork with his hands or his feet and his speaking, and anything voluntary in his affair.
17935 — Al-Qāsim related to us, he said: Al-Ḥusayn related to us, he said: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid: likewise — but he said: and all that he uttered in his affair.
17936 — Bishr related to us, he said: Yazīd related to us, he said: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda: (''And He gives to every possessor of merit his merit''), that is to say: in the hereafter.
It has also been related from Ibn Masʿūd that he said concerning the explanation of this what follows:
17937 — It was related to me from al-Musayyab ibn Sharīk, on the authority of Abū Bakr, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of Ibn Masʿūd concerning the word: (''And He gives to every possessor of merit his merit''), he said: Whoever performs a bad deed, one bad deed is recorded against him. Whoever performs a good deed, ten good deeds are recorded for him. If he is punished in the worldly life for the bad deed he has performed, ten good deeds remain for him. And if he is not punished for it in the worldly life, one of the ten good deeds is deducted and nine remain for him. Then he says: ''Ruined is he who lets his single one overcome his ten!''.
And His word: (''And if you turn away, then indeed I fear for you the punishment of a great day'') — Allah the Exalted says: And if they turn away from what I call them to, of worshipping Allah alone and abandoning the worship of the gods, and refuse to ask Allah for forgiveness and to turn to Him in repentance — and they then turn about and turn their backs — then I fear, O people, for you (''the punishment of a great day'') — great in its import, tremendous in its terror. And that is the day on which every soul is requited for what it has earned, and they are not wronged.
And Allah the Exalted says: (''And if you turn away, then indeed I fear for you the punishment of a great day''), but this is something preceded by a form of direct address. The Arabs use the form of direct address when they have had a discourse precede, then switch over to the form of reporting about the absent, and then return to the form of direct address. This we have clarified in other places, so that there is no need to repeat it here.