Tafseer of Hud · Hud · 11:108
And as for those who were [destined to be] prosperous, they will be in Paradise, abiding therein as long as the heavens and the earth endure, except what your Lord should will - a bestowal uninterrupted.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The explanation of the words of Allah the Exalted: وَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ سُعِدُوا فَفِي الْجَنَّةِ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا مَا دَامَتِ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالأَرْضُ إِلا مَا شَاءَ رَبُّكَ عَطَاءً غَيْرَ مَجْذُوذٍ (108) (And as for those who are made happy: they will be in Paradise, abiding therein eternally for as long as the heavens and the earth endure, except what your Lord wills — a gift that will not be cut off.)
Abū Jaʿfar said: The Qurʾān reciters differed concerning the reading of this word.
The majority of the reciters of Medina, the Ḥijāz, Baṣra, and some from Kūfa read it as: وَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ سَعِدُوا — with a fatḥa (opening) on the sīn.
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A group of reciters from Kūfa read it as: وَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ سُعِدُوا — with a ḍamma (rounding) on the sīn, with the meaning: they were endowed with happiness (saʿāda).
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Abū Jaʿfar said: The correct position on this is that both readings are well known; whoever reads either one of the two attains what is correct.
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Now someone might ask: How can one say سُعِدُوا in the passive construction, without the agent being named, and then not say "usʿidū" — when in the active construction one does not say "saʿadahu Allāh" (Allah made him happy), but only "asʿadahu Allāh"?
The answer is: this is comparable to their expression "huwa majnūn" (he is possessed) and "maḥbūb" (he is beloved) in the passive construction, while in the active construction one says: "ajannahu Allāh" (Allah made him possessed) and "aḥabbahu" (he loved him). The Arabs do this frequently. We have already clarified a portion of this in the preceding parts of this work.
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The explanation of this is: as for the people who are made happy by the mercy of Allah — they are in Paradise, abiding therein eternally for as long as the heavens and the earth endure; that is to say: forever. إِلا مَا شَاءَ رَبُّكَ (except what your Lord wills).
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The exegetes differed concerning the meaning of this.
Some said: إِلا مَا شَاءَ رَبُّكَ (except what your Lord wills) refers to the appointed time they spent in the Fire before they entered Paradise. They said: this pertains to the believers who are taken out of the Fire and then led into Paradise.
*Mention of those who said this:*
18583 — Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, he said: Muḥammad ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of al-Ḍaḥḥāk, concerning the words وَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ سُعِدُوا فَفِي الْجَنَّةِ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا مَا دَامَتِ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالأَرْضُ إِلا مَا شَاءَ رَبُّكَ: He said: this likewise refers to those who are taken out of the Fire and enter Paradise. He said: abiding eternally in Paradise for as long as the heavens and the earth endure, except what your Lord wills. He said: that is to say: except the time they spent in the Fire until they were led into Paradise.
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Others said: the meaning of إِلا مَا شَاءَ رَبُّكَ (except what your Lord wills) is: the addition beyond the duration of the existence of the heavens and the earth. They said: this is precisely the eternal abiding therein, forever.
*Mention of those who said this:*
18584 — Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, he said: Yaʿqūb related to us, on the authority of Abū Mālik — that is, Thaʿlaba — on the authority of Abū Sinān, concerning the words وَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ سُعِدُوا فَفِي الْجَنَّةِ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا مَا دَامَتِ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالأَرْضُ إِلا مَا شَاءَ رَبُّكَ: he said: His will is that they abide therein eternally; then He concluded this with His words: عَطَاءً غَيْرَ مَجْذُوذٍ (a gift that will not be cut off).
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The Arabic linguists differed concerning the nature of the exception (istithnāʾ) in this place.
Some of them held that there are two meanings herein:
The first: that one regards it as an exception which Allah makes but does not carry out — as when you say: "By Allah, I shall surely strike you, unless I decide otherwise" — while you are firmly resolved to strike him. Thus Allah said: خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا مَا دَامَتِ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالأَرْضُ إِلا مَا شَاءَ رَبُّكَ — and He does not will it (the interruption); and He knows best.
The second interpretation: when the Arabs except a large quantity alongside an equal or even larger quantity, then the meaning of "illā" (except) is equivalent to the meaning of "wa" (and). So whoever says خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا مَا دَامَتِ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالأَرْضُ alongside what Allah wills of additional eternity, may place "illā" in the meaning of "siwā" (besides, in addition to), so that it is correct; and it is then as though it said: "abiding therein eternally for as long as the heavens and the earth endure, besides the eternity that He grants them in addition." This resembles the expression in ordinary speech: "I have a thousand owed to me by you, besides the two thousand that come through such-and-such" — do you not see that this in fact means: "I have a thousand in addition to those two thousand"? He said: this is the more preferable of the two interpretations to me, because Allah does not break His promise; and Allah connected the exception with His words عَطَاءً غَيْرَ مَجْذُوذٍ (a gift that will not be cut off), which indicates that the exception in their favor in the eternal abiding is not interrupted.
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Another scholar advanced a corresponding view, and added that a third interpretation is possible: that the exception refers to their absence from Paradise during the period between death and resurrection — that is the Barzakh (the intermediate realm) — until they enter Paradise, after which it is an eternal abiding. He said: they were absent from Paradise only during the time of their stay in the Barzakh.
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Another scholar said: it is possible that the duration of the heavens and the earth has the meaning of "eternity," as the Arabs know and use it, and that the will is excepted from that duration, because the inhabitants of Paradise and the inhabitants of the Fire were, during a certain time within the existence of the heavens and the earth, in the world, not in Paradise; it is then as though it said: abiding eternally in Paradise and abiding eternally in the Fire throughout the continuance of the heavens and the earth, except what your Lord wills of their stay in the world before that.
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Abū Jaʿfar said: The most correct view on this is what I have related from al-Ḍaḥḥāk, namely that وَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ سُعِدُوا فَفِي الْجَنَّةِ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا مَا دَامَتِ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالأَرْضُ إِلا مَا شَاءَ رَبُّكَ refers to the appointed duration of their stay in the Fire, from the moment they entered it until the moment they were led into Paradise; and the āyah then has a particular, restricted meaning. For this is indeed the most common meaning that the Arabs give to "illā" (except): an exception, whereby what follows is excluded from what precedes — unless there is an indication that points to the contrary. There is no indication in the text, that is to say in the words إِلا مَا شَاءَ رَبُّكَ, indicating that its meaning is other than the comprehensible exception in common speech, such that one would lead the interpretation in that direction.
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As for His words عَطَاءً غَيْرَ مَجْذُوذٍ (a gift that will not be cut off): this means a gift from Allah that will not be cut off from them.
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This is derived from their expression "jadhdhtu al-shayʾa ajuddhu jadhdhān" (I cut off something) when one cuts something off, as al-Nābigha said:
تَجُذُّ السَّلُوقِيَّ الْمُضَاعَفَ نَسْجُهُ وَيُوقِدْنَ بِالصُّفَّاحِ نَارَ الْحُبَاحِبِ
(They cut through the doubly woven Salūqī make, and kindle with flat stones the fire of the sparks.)
By "tajuddu" he means: it cuts through, it cleaves.
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In accordance with what we have said concerning this, the exegetes also spoke.
*Mention of those who said this:*
18585 — Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, he said: al-Muḥāribī related to us, on the authority of Juwaybir, on the authority of al-Ḍaḥḥāk, concerning عَطَاءً غَيْرَ مَجْذُوذٍ: he said: not cut off.
18586 — Bishr related to us, he said: Yazīd related to us, he said: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His words عَطَاءً غَيْرَ مَجْذُوذٍ: he said: not interrupted.
18587 — Al-Muthanná related to me, he said: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ṣāliḥ related to us, he said: Muʿāwiya related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning عَطَاءً غَيْرَ مَجْذُوذٍ: he said: a gift that will not be cut off.
18588 — Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, he said: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, he said: ʿĪsā related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning مَجْذُوذٍ: he said: cut off.
18589 — Al-Muthanná related to me, he said: Isḥāq related to us, he said: ʿAbd Allāh related to us, on the authority of Warqāʾ, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His words عَطَاءً غَيْرَ مَجْذُوذٍ: he said: not cut off.
18590 — [Isnād] he said: Abū Ḥudhayfa related to us, he said: Shibl related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid — the same.
18591 — [Isnād] he said: Isḥāq related to us, he said: ʿAbd Allāh related to us, on the authority of his father, on the authority of al-Rabīʿ, on the authority of Abū al-ʿĀliya — the same.
18592 — Al-Qāsim related to us, he said: al-Ḥusayn related to us, he said: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Mujāhid — the same.
18593 — [Isnād] he said: Ḥajjāj related to me, on the authority of Abū Jaʿfar, on the authority of al-Rabīʿ ibn Anas, on the authority of Abū al-ʿĀliya, concerning His words عَطَاءً غَيْرَ مَجْذُوذٍ: he said: this He has decisively decreed — he means: a gift that will not be interrupted.
18594 — Yūnus related to me, he said: Ibn Wahb informed us, he said: Ibn Zayd said concerning His words عَطَاءً غَيْرَ مَجْذُوذٍ: not taken away from them.