Tafseer of Hud · Hud · 11:107
[They will be] abiding therein as long as the heavens and the earth endure, except what your Lord should will. Indeed, your Lord is an effecter of what He intends.
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
His statement: خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا مَا دَامَتِ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالأَرْضُ إِلَّا مَا شَاءَ رَبُّكَ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ فَعَّالٌ لِمَا يُرِيدُ (Abiding therein forever as long as the heavens and the earth endure, except as your Lord wills; truly, your Lord is the One Who does whatever He wills) — by His statement خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا (abiding therein forever) the Exalted means: remaining therein. And by His statement مَا دَامَتِ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالأَرْضُ (as long as the heavens and the earth endure) He means: forever.
This is so because the Arabs, when they wish to describe something as enduring forever, say: "This endures as long as the heavens and the earth endure," by which they mean that it lasts forever. Likewise they say: "It remains as long as the night and the day alternate," "as long as the two sons of Samīr come together," and "as long as the white gazelles wave with their tails" — by all of this they mean: "forever." Allah — exalted be His praise — addressed them with what they held in common among themselves, and said: خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا مَا دَامَتِ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالأَرْضُ (abiding therein forever as long as the heavens and the earth endure), and the meaning of this is: abiding therein forever.
Ibn Zayd said concerning this the same as we have said.
18572 — Yūnus related to us, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His statement خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا مَا دَامَتِ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالأَرْضُ: as long as the earth is earth and the heaven is heaven.
Then He said: إِلَّا مَا شَاءَ رَبُّكَ (except as your Lord wills). The scholars of exegesis differed concerning the meaning of this. Some said: this is an exception that Allah has made for the people of the affirmation of Allah's oneness (ahl al-tawḥīd) — namely, that He will bring them out of the Fire when He wills, after He has caused them to enter the Fire.
*Mention of those who said this:*
18573 — Al-Ḥasan ibn Yaḥyā related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, from Maʿmar, from Qatāda, concerning His statement: فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ شَقُوا فَفِي النَّارِ لَهُمْ فِيهَا زَفِيرٌ وَشَهِيقٌ * خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا مَا دَامَتِ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالأَرْضُ إِلَّا مَا شَاءَ رَبُّكَ (As for those who are wretched: they are in the Fire, wherein they have sighing and groaning, abiding therein forever as long as the heavens and the earth endure, except as your Lord wills) — he said: Allah knows best what He meant by His exception. And it was mentioned to us that there are people who are touched by the Fire on account of sins they committed, after which they enter Paradise.
18574 — Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, from Qatāda: خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا مَا دَامَتِ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالأَرْضُ إِلَّا مَا شَاءَ رَبُّكَ — and Allah knows best what He meant by His exception. It was mentioned to us that there are people who are touched by the Fire on account of sins that befell them, after which Allah, through His abundant mercy, causes them to enter Paradise. They are called "the people of Hell" (al-Jahannamiyyūn).
18575 — Muḥammad ibn al-Muthannā related to us, saying: Shaybān ibn Farrūkh related to us, saying: Abū Hilāl related to us, saying: Qatāda related to us — and he recited this verse: فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ شَقُوا فَفِي النَّارِ لَهُمْ فِيهَا زَفِيرٌ وَشَهِيقٌ (As for those who are wretched: they are in the Fire, wherein they have sighing and groaning) up to His statement (li-mā yurīd) — and he then said: Anas ibn Mālik related to us that the Prophet ﷺ said: "There will be people who come out of the Fire." Qatāda said: and we do not say what the people of Ḥarūrāʾ say.
18576 — Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Yaʿqūb related to us, from Abū Mālik — that is, Thaʿlaba — from Abū Sinān, concerning His statement: فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ شَقُوا فَفِي النَّارِ لَهُمْ فِيهَا زَفِيرٌ وَشَهِيقٌ * خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا مَا دَامَتِ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالأَرْضُ إِلَّا مَا شَاءَ رَبُّكَ — he said: the exception is for the people of the affirmation of Allah's oneness (ahl al-tawḥīd).
18577 — Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Muḥammad ibn Thawr related to us, from Maʿmar, from al-Ḍaḥḥāk ibn Muzāḥim: فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ شَقُوا فَفِي النَّارِ (As for those who are wretched: they are in the Fire) up to His statement: خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا مَا دَامَتِ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالأَرْضُ إِلَّا مَا شَاءَ رَبُّكَ — he said: there will be people brought out of the Fire who then enter Paradise; they are those for whom the exception applies.
18578 — Al-Muthannā related to me, saying: ʿAbdullāh ibn Ṣāliḥ related to us, saying: Muʿāwiya related to me, from ʿĀmir ibn Jushayr, from Khālid ibn Maʿdān, concerning His statement: لَابِثِينَ فِيهَا أَحْقَابًا [Surah al-Nabaʾ: 23] and His statement: خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا مَا دَامَتِ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالأَرْضُ إِلَّا مَا شَاءَ رَبُّكَ — that both concern the people of the affirmation of Allah's oneness (ahl al-tawḥīd).
Others said: the exception in this verse applies to the people of the affirmation of Allah's oneness (ahl al-tawḥīd), but they said: the meaning of His statement إِلَّا مَا شَاءَ رَبُّكَ is: except as your Lord wills to forgive them and not cause them to enter the Fire. They interpreted the exception as relating to His statement فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ شَقُوا فَفِي النَّارِ (As for those who are wretched: they are in the Fire) — إِلَّا مَا شَاءَ رَبُّكَ (except as your Lord wills) — and not to the word "the everlasting abiding" (al-khulūd).
*Mention of those who said this:*
18579 — Al-Ḥasan ibn Yaḥyā related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us, saying: Ibn al-Taymī related to us, from his father, from Abū Naḍra, from Jābir or Abū Saʿīd — that is, al-Khudrī — or from a man among the companions of the Prophet ﷺ — concerning His statement: إِلَّا مَا شَاءَ رَبُّكَ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ فَعَّالٌ لِمَا يُرِيدُ — he said: this verse prevails over the entire Qurʾān; he said: wherever in the Qurʾān خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا (abiding therein forever) occurs, this prevails over it. He said: and I heard Abū Mijlaz say: it is his recompense; if Allah wills, He refrains from his punishment.
Others said: by it are intended the inhabitants of the Fire and all who enter it.
*Mention of those who said this:*
18580 — It was related to me from al-Musayyab, from the one whom he named, from Ibn ʿAbbās: خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا مَا دَامَتِ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالأَرْضُ — they do not die and they are not brought out of it as long as the heavens and the earth endure. إِلَّا مَا شَاءَ رَبُّكَ — he said: the exception of Allah. He said: He commands the Fire to consume them. He said: and Ibn Masʿūd said: there will surely come a time when Hell (jahannam) has its gates flung open and no one remains in it, and this is after they have spent ages therein.
18581 — Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Jarīr related to us, from Bayān, from al-Shaʿbī, who said: Hell (jahannam) is the dwelling that is most quickly inhabited and most quickly falls into ruin.
Others said: Allah has made known to us His will concerning the inhabitants of Paradise, and has made clear to us the meaning of His exception by His statement عَطَاءً غَيْرَ مَجْذُوذٍ (a gift never cut off) — namely, that it is an addition beyond the duration of the heavens and the earth. He said: and He has not made known to us His will concerning the inhabitants of the Fire. It is possible that His will concerns an addition, and it is possible that it concerns a reduction.
*Mention of those who said this:*
18582 — Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said concerning His statement: خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا مَا دَامَتِ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالأَرْضُ إِلَّا مَا شَاءَ رَبُّكَ — he recited on until he reached: عَطَاءً غَيْرَ مَجْذُوذٍ (a gift never cut off), and he said: He has made known to us what He wills for the inhabitants of Paradise, and said: عَطَاءً غَيْرَ مَجْذُوذٍ (a gift never cut off); but He has not made known to us what He wills for the inhabitants of the Fire.
Abū Jaʿfar said: The most correct of these interpretations concerning the meaning of this verse is the view that we have mentioned from Qatāda and al-Ḍaḥḥāk: that this is an exception for the people of the affirmation of Allah's oneness (ahl al-tawḥīd) who have committed grave sins — that He causes them to enter the Fire, abiding therein forever, unless He wills that they abide therein for less than that, after which He brings them out and causes them to enter Paradise — as we have already explained elsewhere in a manner that makes repetition in this place unnecessary.
We have deemed this the most correct view because Allah — exalted be His praise — has promised the polytheists (mushrikīn) everlasting abiding in the Fire, and the narrations of the Prophet ﷺ confirm this. It is therefore not permissible that the exception relate to the polytheists. And the narrations of the Prophet ﷺ have been transmitted through multiple ways that Allah will cause a group of people among the believers (ahl al-īmān) to enter the Fire on account of sins they committed, after which He will bring them out and cause them to enter Paradise. It is therefore not permissible that this be an exception for the people of the affirmation of Allah's oneness (ahl al-tawḥīd) before their entering it, given the soundness of the narrations of the Prophet ﷺ as we have mentioned them. And if we were to make it an exception in that sense, we would take the position of the one who says: "no transgressor (fāsiq) enters Paradise, and no believer enters the Fire" — and that contradicts the views of the scholars (ʿulamāʾ) and what the narrations of the Prophet ﷺ have brought us. So if these two interpretations are unsound, there remains no view accepted by the exemplary scholars except the third.
The Arabic grammarians, however, hold another opinion concerning this, which we shall mention and explain later, if Allah wills.
His statement: إِنَّ رَبَّكَ فَعَّالٌ لِمَا يُرِيدُ (truly, your Lord is the One Who does whatever He wills) — the Exalted says: truly, your Lord, O Muḥammad, is prevented by nothing from doing what He has willed to do with the one who has disobeyed Him and transgressed His command — namely, to requite him — but He does what He wills, and His action and His decree pass over them and over whomever He wills of His creation.