Tafseer of Jonas · Yunus · 10:63
Those who believed and were fearing Allah
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The discussion of the explanation of the words of the Exalted: الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَكَانُوا يَتَّقُونَ (63)
Abū Jaʿfar says: The Exalted — exalted be His mention — says: those who affirmed Allah and His Messenger, as well as what has come from Allah, and who feared Allah by fulfilling His obligations and avoiding His prohibitions.
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And His word الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا is a qualifier (naʿt) of "the friends" (al-awliyāʾ), and the meaning of the sentence is: Know well, the friends of Allah are those who believe and fear Allah — there is no fear upon them, nor shall they grieve.
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Now if someone asks: if the meaning of the sentence is what you have mentioned, is الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا in the nominative (rafʿ) or in the accusative (naṣb)?
Then it is said: in the nominative. And that is so — even though it is a qualifier of "the friends" — because it comes after the predicate of "the friends" has been fully expressed. The Arabs do this in particular with "inna": when the qualifier of the noun upon which "inna" has operated comes only after the completion of the predicate, then they put it in the nominative, and they say: "inna akhāka qāʾimun al-ẓarīfu" — as Allah says: قُلْ إِنَّ رَبِّي يَقْذِفُ بِالْحَقِّ عَلامُ الْغُيُوبِ [Surah Sabaʾ (34:48)], and as He says: إِنَّ ذَلِكَ لَحَقٌّ تَخَاصُمُ أَهْلِ النَّارِ [Surah Ṣād (38:64)].
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The Arabic grammarians (ahl al-ʿarabiyya) do not agree on the reason why this is said in this way — even though there is consensus among all of them that what we have said is the correct expression in Arabic. This, however, is not the place to explain the causes of why this is said in this way.
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Footnotes:
(11) See Maʿānī al-Qurʾān 1: 470, 471.