Tabari (1 passage)

1. Full Dutch translation of Tabari's text

   He says: whoever, then, in this worldly life performed the weight of an atom (dharra) of good, sees the reward for it there. وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرًّا يَرَهُ ("And whoever does the weight of an atom of evil shall see it") — He says: and whoever in this worldly life performed the weight of an atom of evil sees the requital for it there. It was said: and whoever performs — although the report concerning it takes place in the Hereafter — because of the hearer's understanding of that meaning, on the basis of the proof that has already preceded that its meaning is: "whoever performed." That is evident from His statement: يَوْمَئِذٍ يَصْدُرُ النَّاسُ أَشْتَاتًا لِيُرَوْا أَعْمَالَهُمْ ("On that Day the people will come forth in scattered groups, that they may be shown their deeds"). But because the meaning of the statement was comprehensible to the hearers, and because in His statement يَعْمَلْ ("performs") there lay an incitement for the people of this world to act in obedience to Allah, and a deterrence from His acts of disobedience — alongside what I have mentioned concerning the indication of the foregoing statement that thereby is intended the report about his deed already performed in the past, and what is due to them for it — the report was issued in the form of a report about the future action.

   And in accordance with what we have said, namely that they all see their deeds, the people of interpretation (ahl al-taʾwīl) have spoken.

   * Mention of who said that:

   ʿAlī related to me, he said: Abū Ṣāliḥ related to us, he said: Muʿāwiya related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His statement: فَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْرًا يَرَهُ ("So whoever does the weight of an atom of good shall see it"), he said: There is no believer or unbeliever (kāfir) who did good or evil in this worldly life but that Allah lets it reach him. As for the believer: He shows him his good and his bad deeds, and Allah then forgives him his bad deeds. And as for the unbeliever: He rejects his good deeds and punishes him for his bad deeds. And concerning this something other than this statement has been said. Some said: As for the believer: the punishment for his bad deeds is brought forward for him in this worldly life, while the reward for his good deeds is deferred for him; and the unbeliever: the reward for his good deeds is brought forward for him, while the punishment for his bad deeds is deferred for him.

   * Mention of who said that:

   Mūsā ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Masrūqī related to me, he said: Muḥammad ibn Bishr related to us, he said: Muḥammad ibn Muslim al-Ṭāʾifī related it to me, on the authority of ʿAmr ibn Qatāda, he said: I heard Muḥammad ibn Kaʿb al-Quraẓī, while he was explaining this verse: فَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ ("So whoever does the weight of an atom"), he said: Whoever does the weight of an atom of good, of an unbeliever, sees the reward for it in this worldly life, in himself, his family, his wealth and his children, until he departs from this worldly life, while there remains with Him (Allah) no good for him. وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرًّا يَرَهُ ("And whoever does the weight of an atom of evil shall see it") — of a believer — sees the punishment for it in this worldly life, in himself, his family, his wealth and his children, until he departs from this worldly life while there remains with him nothing (of evil).

   Maḥmūd ibn Khidāsh related to me, he said: Muḥammad ibn Yazīd al-Wāsiṭī related to us, he said: Muḥammad ibn Muslim al-Ṭāʾifī related to us, on the authority of ʿAmr ibn Dīnār, he said: I asked Muḥammad ibn Kaʿb al-Quraẓī about this verse: فَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْرًا يَرَهُ * وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرًّا يَرَهُ ("So whoever does the weight of an atom of good shall see it; and whoever does the weight of an atom of evil shall see it"). He said: Whoever does the weight of an atom of good, of an unbeliever, sees the reward for it in himself, his family and his wealth, until he departs from this worldly life while there remains for him no good; and whoever does the weight of an atom of evil, of a believer, sees the punishment for it in himself, his family and his wealth, until he departs while there remains for him no evil.

   Abū al-Khaṭṭāb al-Ḥassānī related to me, he said: al-Haytham ibn al-Rabīʿ related to us, he said: Simāk ibn ʿAṭiyya related to us, on the authority of Ayyūb, on the authority of Abū Qilāba, on the authority of Anas, who said: Abū Bakr — may Allah be pleased with him — was eating together with the Prophet ﷺ when this verse was revealed: فَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْرًا يَرَهُ * وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرًّا يَرَهُ ("So whoever does the weight of an atom of good shall see it; and whoever does the weight of an atom of evil shall see it"). Then Abū Bakr lifted his hand from the food and said: "O Messenger of Allah, shall I then be requited for what I have done of the weight of an atom of evil?" He said: "O Abū Bakr, what you see in this worldly life of what you dislike, those are the atom-weights of evil; and Allah preserves for you the atom-weights of good, until it is paid to you in full on the Day of Resurrection."

   Ibn Bashshār related to us, he said: Ayyūb related to us, he said: We found in the book of Abū Qilāba, on the authority of Abū Idrīs: that Abū Bakr was eating together with the Prophet ﷺ when this verse was revealed: فَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْرًا يَرَهُ * وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرًّا يَرَهُ ("So whoever does the weight of an atom of good shall see it; and whoever does the weight of an atom of evil shall see it"). Then Abū Bakr lifted his hand from the food and said: "I shall indeed see what I have done" — he (the transmitter) said: I do not know but that he said: "what I have done of good and evil." Thereupon the Prophet ﷺ said: "Verily, what you see of what you dislike, those are the atom-weights of much evil; and Allah preserves for you the atom-weights of good, until it is given to you on the Day of Resurrection." And the confirmation of that is in the Book of Allah: وَمَا أَصَابَكُمْ مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ فَبِمَا كَسَبَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ وَيَعْفُو عَنْ كَثِيرٍ ("And whatever calamity befalls you, it is because of what your hands have earned, and He pardons much").

   Yaʿqūb related to me, he said: Ibn ʿUlayya related to us, he said: Ayyūb related to us, he said: I read in the book of Abū Qilāba, he said: There was revealed فَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْرًا يَرَهُ * وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرًّا يَرَهُ ("So whoever does the weight of an atom of good shall see it; and whoever does the weight of an atom of evil shall see it"), while Abū Bakr was eating together with the Prophet ﷺ. Then he held back and said: "O Messenger of Allah, shall I indeed see what I have done of good and evil?" He said: "What do you think of what you see of that which you dislike? That belongs to the atom-weights of evil; and He preserves the atom-weights of good, until it is given to you on the Day of Resurrection." Abū Idrīs said: and I see the confirmation of that in the Book of Allah, He said: وَمَا أَصَابَكُمْ مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ فَبِمَا كَسَبَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ وَيَعْفُو عَنْ كَثِيرٍ ("And whatever calamity befalls you, it is because of what your hands have earned, and He pardons much").

   Yaʿqūb ibn Ibrāhīm related to me, he said: Ibn ʿUlayya related to us, on the authority of Dāwūd, on the authority of al-Shaʿbī, he said: ʿĀʾisha said: "O Messenger of Allah, verily ʿAbd Allāh ibn Judʿān maintained the ties of kinship and did this and that — does that benefit him?" He said: "No, for he never said even one day: 'My Lord, forgive me my sin on the Day of Judgement.'"

   Ibn Wakīʿ related to us, he said: Ḥafṣ related to us, on the authority of Dāwūd, on the authority of al-Shaʿbī, on the authority of Masrūq, on the authority of ʿĀʾisha, who said: I said: "O Messenger of Allah, Ibn Judʿān in the time of ignorance (al-jāhiliyya) maintained the ties of kinship and fed the poor — does that benefit him?" He said: "It does not benefit him, for he never said even one day: 'My Lord, forgive me my sin on the Day of Judgement.'"

   Ibn al-Muthannā related to us, he said: Ibn Abī ʿAdī related to us, on the authority of Dāwūd, on the authority of ʿĀmir al-Shaʿbī, that ʿĀʾisha, the mother of the believers, said: "O Messenger of Allah, verily ʿAbd Allāh ibn Judʿān maintained the ties of kinship, was hospitable toward the guest and freed the captive — does that benefit him at all?" He said: "No, for he never said even one day: 'My Lord, forgive me my sin on the Day of Judgement.'"

   Ibn al-Muthannā related to us, he said: Ibn Abī ʿAdī related to us, on the authority of Dāwūd, on the authority of ʿĀmir, on the authority of ʿAlqama, that Salama ibn Yazīd al-Juʿfī said: "O Messenger of Allah, verily our mother perished in the time of ignorance; she maintained the ties of kinship, was hospitable toward the guest and did this and that — does that benefit her at all?" He said: "No."

   Ibn al-Muthannā related to us, he said: al-Ḥajjāj ibn al-Minhāl related to us, he said: al-Muʿtamir ibn Sulaymān related to us, he said: Dāwūd related to us, on the authority of al-Shaʿbī, on the authority of ʿAlqama ibn Qays, on the authority of Salama ibn Yazīd al-Juʿfī, who said: My brother and I went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and I said: "O Messenger of Allah, verily our mother in the time of ignorance was hospitable toward the guest and maintained the ties of kinship — does that work of hers benefit her at all?" He said: "No."

   Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm ibn Ṣadrān and Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to me, they both said: al-Muʿtamir ibn Sulaymān related to us, he said: Dāwūd ibn Abī Hind related to us, on the authority of al-Shaʿbī, on the authority of ʿAlqama, on the authority of Salama ibn Yazīd, on the authority of the Prophet ﷺ, in a similar manner.

   Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, he said: Ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Kaʿb, that he said: As for the believer: he sees his good deeds in the Hereafter; and as for the unbeliever: he sees his good deeds in this worldly life.

   Yaʿqūb ibn Ibrāhīm related to me, he said: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, he said: Abū Naʿāma related to us, he said: ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Bishr al-Ḍabbī, [on the authority of] his grandfather Salmān ibn ʿĀmir, that Salmān ibn ʿĀmir came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said: "Verily, my father maintained the ties of kinship, fulfilled his obligation (the protection, al-dhimma) and was hospitable toward the guest." He said: "Did he die before Islam?" He said: "Yes." He said: "That will not benefit him." Then he turned away. Thereupon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Bring the old man to me." He came, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Verily, it will not benefit him, but it will live on in his offspring: you will never be put to shame, you will never be humiliated, and you will never be poor."

   Ibn al-Muthannā and Ibn Bashshār related to us, they both said: Abū Dāwūd related to us, he said: ʿImrān related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, on the authority of Anas, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Verily, Allah does not deal unjustly with the believer concerning a good deed: he is rewarded for it with provision (rizq) in this worldly life, and he is requited for it in the Hereafter. And as for the unbeliever: He gives him for it (the reward) in this worldly life, so that when the Day of Resurrection comes, he has no good deed left at all."

   Yaʿqūb ibn Ibrāhīm related to me, he said: Ibn ʿUlayya related to us, he said: Layth related to us, he said: al-Muʿallā related to me, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Kaʿb al-Quraẓī, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "No doer of good performs a good deed — whether he be a believer or an unbeliever — but that the reward for it falls upon Allah (rests upon Allah), either in the near term of his worldly life, or in the future of his Hereafter."

   Yūnus ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to me, he said: Ibn Wahb informed us, he said: Yaḥyā ibn ʿAbd Allāh informed me, on the authority of Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ḥubulī, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ, that he said: There was revealed: إِذَا زُلْزِلَتِ الأرْضُ زِلْزَالَهَا ("When the earth is shaken with its quaking"), while Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq was sitting. Then he wept when it was revealed. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him: "What makes you weep, O Abū Bakr?" He said: "This sūra makes me weep." Thereupon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him: "Were you not to err and sin, so that Allah forgives you, Allah would have created a people who err and sin, so that He forgives them."

   These reports from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ thus indicate that the believer sees the punishment for his bad deeds only in this worldly life, and the reward for his good deeds in the Hereafter; and that the unbeliever sees the reward for his good deeds in this worldly life, and the punishment for his bad deeds in the Hereafter; and that the unbeliever in the Hereafter has no benefit from the good that he performed in this worldly life, because of his disbelief (kufr).

   Abū Kurayb related to us, he said: Ibn ʿAlī related to us, on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of Ibrāhīm al-Taymī, who said: I have met seventy of the companions of ʿAbd Allāh (ibn Masʿūd), the youngest of whom was al-Ḥārith ibn Suwayd, and I heard him reciting: إِذَا زُلْزِلَتِ الأرْضُ زِلْزَالَهَا ("When the earth is shaken with its quaking"), until he came to: وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرًّا يَرَهُ ("And whoever does the weight of an atom of evil shall see it"). He said: Verily, this is a severe reckoning.

   And it was said: verily, the dharra (the atom) is a red ant that has no weight.

   * Mention of who said that:

   Isḥāq ibn Wahb al-ʿAllāf and Muḥammad ibn Sinān al-Qazzāz related to me, they both said: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, he said: Shabīb ibn Bishr related to us, on the authority of ʿIkrima, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His statement: مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ ("the weight of an atom"). Ibn Sinān said in his narration: the weight of a red dharra. And Ibn Wahb said in his narration: a red ant. Isḥāq said: Yazīd ibn Hārūn said: and they claimed that this red ant has no weight.

   End of the tafsīr of Sūra "When the earth is shaken" (Idhā zulzilat al-arḍ).

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   يقول: فمن عمل في الدنيا وزن ذرة من خير, يرى ثوابه هنالك ( وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرًّا يَرَهُ )يقول: ومن كان عمل في الدنيا وزن ذرة من شر يرى جزاءه هنالك, وقيل: ومن يعمل والخبر &; 24-550 &; عنها في الآخرة, لفهم السامع معنى ذلك, لما قد تقدم من الدليل قبل, على أن معناه: فمن عمل; ذلك دلالة قوله: ( يَوْمَئِذٍ يَصْدُرُ النَّاسُ أَشْتَاتًا لِيُرَوْا أَعْمَالَهُمْ ) على ذلك. ولكن لما كان مفهوما معنى الكلام عند السامعين، وكان في قوله: ( يَعْمَلْ ) حث لأهل الدنيا على العمل بطاعة الله, والزجر عن معاصيه, مع الذي ذكرت من دلالة الكلام قبل ذلك, على أن ذلك مراد به الخبر عن ماضي فعله, وما لهم على ذلك, أخرج الخبر على وجه الخبر عن مستقبل الفعل. وبنحو الذي قلنا من أن جميعهم يرون أعمالهم, قال أهل التأويل. *ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثني على, قال: ثنا بو صالح, قال: ثني معاوية, عن علي, عن ابن عباس, في قوله: ( فَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْرًا يَرَهُ ) قال: ليس مؤمن ولا كافر عمِل خيرا ولا شرا في الدنيا, إلا آتاه الله إياه. فأما المؤمن فيريه حسناته وسيئاته, فيغفر الله له سيئاته. وأما الكافر فيردّ حسناته, ويعذّبه بسيئاته. وقيل في ذلك غير هذا القول, فقال بعضهم: أما المؤمن, فيعجل له عقوبة سيئاته في الدنيا, ويؤخِّر له ثواب حسناته, والكافر يعجِّل له ثواب حسناته, ويؤخر له عقوبة سيئاته. *ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثني موسى بن عبد الرحمن المسروقي, قال: ثنا محمد بن بشر, قال: حدثنيه محمد بن مسلم الطائفي, عن عمرو بن قتادة, قال: سمعت محمد بن كعب القرظي, وهو يفسِّر هذه الآية: ( فَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ ) قال: من يعمل مثقال ذرَّة من خير من كافر ير ثوابه في الدنيا في نفسه وأهله وماله وولده, حتى يخرج من الدنيا, وليس له عنده خير ( وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرًّا يَرَهُ ) من مؤمن ير عقوبته في الدنيا في نفسه وأهله وماله وولده, حتى يخرج من الدنيا وليس عنده شيء. حدثني محمود بن خِداش, قال: ثنا محمد بن يزيد الواسطي, قال: ثنا محمد بن مسلم الطائفي, عن عمرو بن دينار, قال: سألت محمد بن كعب القرظي, عن هذه الآية: ( فَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْرًا يَرَهُ * وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرًّا يَرَهُ ) قال: من يعمل مثقال ذرَّة من خير من كافر, ير ثوابها في نفسه وأهله وماله, حتى يخرج من الدنيا وليس له خير; ومن يعمل مثقال ذرة من شر من مؤمن, ير عقوبتها في نفسه وأهله وماله, حتى يخرج وليس له شر. حدثني أبو الخطاب الحساني, قال: ثنا الهيثم بن الربيع, قال: ثنا سماك بن عطية, عن أيوب, عن أبي قِلابة, عن أنس, قال: كان أبو بكر رضى الله عنه يأكل مع النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم, فنـزلت هذه الآية: ( فَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْرًا يَرَهُ * وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرًّا يَرَهُ ) فرفع أبو بكر يده من الطعام, وقال: يا رسول الله إني أُجزَى بما عملت من مثقال ذرة من شرّ، فقال: " يا أبا بَكر, ما رأيْتَ في الدنْيا ممَّا تكره فمثَاقيلُ ذَرّ الشَّرّ, وَيَدَّخِرُ لَكَ اللهُ مثَاقِيلَ الخير حتى تُوَفَّاه يَوْمَ الْقِيامَةِ". حدثنا ابن بشار, قال: ثنا أيوب, قال: وجدنا في كتاب أبي قِلابة, عن أبي إدريس: أن أبا بكر كان يأكل مع النبيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم, فأنـزلت هذه الآية: ( فَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْرًا يَرَهُ * وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرًّا يَرَهُ ) فرفع أبو بكر يده من الطعام, وقال: إني لراء ما عملت, قال: لا أعلمه إلا قال: ما عملت من خير وشرّ, فقال النبيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم: " إنَّ ما تَرَى مِمَّا تَكْرَهُ فَهُوَ مثَاقِيلُ ذَرّ شَر كَثِيرٍ, وَيَدَّخِرُ اللهُ لَكَ مَثَاقِيلَ ذَرّ الخَيْرِ حتى تُعْطَاهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ" وتصديق ذلك في كتاب الله: وَمَا أَصَابَكُمْ مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ فَبِمَا كَسَبَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ وَيَعْفُو عَنْ كَثِيرٍ . حدثني يعقوب, قال: ثنا ابن عُلَية, قال: ثنا أيوب, قال: قرأت في كتاب أبي قلابة قال: نـزلت ( فَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْرًا يَرَهُ * وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرًّا يَرَهُ ) وأبو بكر يأكل مع النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم, فأمسك وقال: يا رسول الله, إني لراء ما عملت من خير وشر؟ فقال: " أرأيْتَ ما رأيْتَ مِمَّا تَكْرَهُ, فَهُوَ مِنْ مثَاقِيلِ ذَرّ الشَّرِ, وَيَدَّخِرُ مثَاقِيلَ ذَرّ الخَيْرِ, حتى تُعْطَوْهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيامَةِ" قال أبو إدريس: فأرى مصداقها في كتاب الله, قال: وَمَا أَصَابَكُمْ مِنْ مُصِيبَةٍ فَبِمَا كَسَبَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ وَيَعْفُو عَنْ كَثِيرٍ . حدثني يعقوب بن إبراهيم, قال: ثنا ابن عُليَة, عن داود, عن الشعبي, قال: قالت عائشة: يا رسول الله, إن عبد الله بن جُدْعان كان يصل الرحم, ويفعل ويفعل, هل ذاك نافعه؟ قال: " لا إنه لم يقل يوما: " رب اغفر لي خطيئتي يوم الدين ". حدثنا ابن وكيع, قال: ثنا حفص, عن داود, عن الشعبي, عن مسروق, عن عائشة, قالت: قلت: يا رسول الله, ابن جدعان كان في الجاهلية يصل الرحم, ويُطعم المسكين, فهل ذاك نافعه؟ قال: " لا يَنْفَعُهُ, إنَّهُ لَمْ يَقُلْ يوما: " رب اغفر لي خطيئتي يوم الدين " حدثنا ابن المثنى, قال: ثنا ابن أبي عدي, عن داود, عن عامر الشعبي, أن عائشة أم المؤمنين قالت: يا رسول الله, إن عبد الله بن جدعان, كان يصل الرحم, ويَقْرِي الضيف, ويفكّ العاني, فهل ذلك نافعه شيئا؟ قال: " لا إنَّهُ لَمْ يقل يوما: " رب اغفر لي خطيئتي يوم الدين ". حدثنا ابن المثنى, قال: ثنا ابن أبي عديّ, عن داود, عن عامر, عن علقمة, أن سلمة بن يزيد الجعفي, قال: يا رسول الله, إن أمنا هلكت في الجاهلية, كانت تصل الرحم, وتَقْرِي الضيف, وتفعل وتفعل, فهل ذلك نافعها شيئا؟ قال: " لا " . حدثنا ابن المثنى, قال: ثنا الحجاج بن المنهال, قال: ثنا المعتمر بن سليمان, قال: ثنا داود, عن الشعبيّ, عن علقمة بن قيس, عن سلمة بن يزيد الجعفي, قال: ذهبت أنا وأخي إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم, فقلت: يا رسول الله, إن أمنا كانت في الجاهلية تقري الضيف, وتصل الرحم, هل ينفعها عملها ذلك شيئا؟ قال: " لا " . حدثني محمد بن إبراهيم بن صدران وابن عبد الأعلى, قالا ثنا المعتمر بن سليمان, قال: ثنا داود بن أبي هند, عن الشعبي, عن علقمة, عن سلمة بن يزيد, عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم, بنحوه. حدثنا ابن عبد الأعلى, قال: ثنا ابن ثور, عن معمر, عن قتادة, عن محمد بن كعب, أنه قال: أما المؤمن فيرى حسناته في الآخرة, وأما الكافر فيرى حسناته في الدنيا. حدثني يعقوب بن إبراهيم, قال: ثنا أبو عاصم, قال: ثنا أبو نعامة, قال: ثنا عبد العزيز بن بشير الضبي جدّه سلمان بن عامر أن سلمان بن عامر جاء رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم, فقال: إنّ أبي كان يصل الرحم, ويفي بالذمة, ويُكرم الضيف, قال: " ماتَ قَبْلَ الإسْلامِ"؟ قال: نعم, قال: " لَنْ يَنْفَعَهُ ذَلكَ", فولى, فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: " عَليَّ بالشَّيْخِ", فجاءَ, فَقالَ رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: " إنَّها لَنْ تَنْفَعَهُ, وَلَكِنَّهَا تَكُونُ فِي عَقِبِهِ, فَلَنْ تُخْزَوْا أبَدًا, وَلَنْ تَذِلُّوا أَبَدًا, وَلَنْ تَفْتَقِرُوا أَبدًا " . حدثنا ابن المثنى وابن بشار, قالا ثنا أبو داود, قال: ثنا عمران, عن قتادة, عن أنس, أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: " إِنَّ اللهَ لا يَظْلِمُ المُؤْمِنُ حَسَنَةً يُثابُ عَلَيْها الرّزْقَ فِي الدنْيا, ويُجْزى بِها فِي الآخِرَةِ; وأمَّا الكافِرُ فَيُعْطِيهِ بِها فِي الدنْيا, فإذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْقِيامَةِ, لَمْ تَكُنْ لَهُ حَسَنةٌ" . حدثني يعقوب بن إبراهيم, قال: ثنا ابن علية, قال: ثنا ليث, قال: ثني المعلى, عن محمد بن كعب الْقُرَظي, قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: " ما أحْسَنَ مِنْ مُحْسِنٍ، مُؤْمِنٍ أوْ كَافِرٍ إلا وَقَعَ ثَوَابُهُ عَلى الله فِي عاجِل دُنْيَاهُ, أَوْ آجِلِ آخِرَتِهِ" . حدثني يونس بن عبد الأعلى, قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب, قال: أخبرني يحيى بن عبد الله, عن أبي عبد الرحمن الحُبَليِّ, عن عبد الله بن عمرو بن العاص أنه قال: أنـزلت: ( إِذَا زُلْزِلَتِ الأرْضُ زِلْزَالَهَا ) وأبو بكر الصدّيق قاعد, فبكى حين أنـزلت, فقال له رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: " ما يُبْكِيكَ يا أبا بَكْرٍ؟" قال: يُبكيني هذه السورة, فقال له رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: " لَوْلا أنَّكُمْ تُخْطِئونَ وَتُذْنِبُونَ فَيَغْفِرُ اللهُ لَكُمْ لَخَلَقَ اللهُ أُمَّةً يُخْطِئُونَ وَيُذْنِبُونَ فَيَغْفرُ لَهُمْ". فهذه الأخبار عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم تُنبئ عن أن المؤمن إنما يرى عقوبة سيئاته في الدنيا, وثواب حسناته في الآخرة, وأن الكافر يرى ثواب حسناته في الدنيا, وعقوبة سيئاته في الآخرة, وأن الكافر لا ينفعه في الآخرة ما سلف له من إحسان في الدنيا مع كُفره. حدثنا أبو كُرَيب, قال: ثنا ابن عليّ, عن الأعمش, عن إبراهيم التيمي, قال: أدركت سبعين من أصحاب عبد الله, أصغرهم الحارث بن سويد, فسمعته يقرأ: ( إِذَا زُلْزِلَتِ الأرْضُ زِلْزَالَهَا ) حتى بلغ إلى: ( وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرًّا يَرَهُ ) قال: إن هذا إحصاء شديد. وقيل: إن الذَّرَّة دُودة حمراء ليس لها وزن. *ذكر من قال ذلك: حدثني إسحاق بن وهب العلاف ومحمد بن سنان القزّاز, قالا ثنا أبو عاصم, قال: ثنا شبيب بن بشر, عن عكرمة, عن ابن عباس, في قوله: ( مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ ) قال ابن سنان في حديثه: مثقال ذرّة حمراء. وقال ابن وهب في حديثه: نملة حمراء. قال إسحاق, قال يزيد بن هارون: وزعموا أن هذه الدودة الحمراء ليس لها وزن. آخر تفسير سورة إذا زلزلت الأرض