Tafseer of The Fig · At-Tin · 95:1
By the fig and the olive
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
The ruling on the explanation of His statement, mighty is His majesty and hallowed are His names: وَالتِّينِ وَالزَّيْتُونِ ("By the fig and the olive") (1).
The scholars of interpretation (ahl al-taʾwīl) differed concerning the explanation of His statement: وَالتِّينِ وَالزَّيْتُونِ . Some said: by "the fig" is meant the fig that is eaten, and "the olive" is the olive that is pressed.
* Mention of who said that:
Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: Rawḥ related to us, saying: ʿAwf related to us, on the authority of al-Ḥasan, concerning the statement of Allah: وَالتِّينِ وَالزَّيْتُونِ , he said: Your fig that is eaten, and your olive that is pressed.
Yaʿqūb ibn Ibrāhīm related to me, saying: al-Muʿtamir ibn Sulaymān related to us, saying: I heard al-Ḥakam relate, on the authority of ʿIkrima, he said: The fig is the fig, and the olive is what you eat.
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Yaḥyā ibn Wāḍiḥ related to us, saying: al-Ḥusayn related to us, on the authority of Yazīd, on the authority of ʿIkrima: وَالتِّينِ وَالزَّيْتُونِ , he said: Your fig and your olive.
Yaʿqūb related to me, saying: Ibn ʿUlayya related to us, on the authority of Abū Rajāʾ, he said: ʿIkrima was asked about His statement: وَالتِّينِ وَالزَّيْتُونِ , he said: The fig is this fig of yours, and the olive is this olive of yours.
Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: Muʾammal related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning His statement: وَالتِّينِ وَالزَّيْتُونِ , he said: The fig that is eaten, and the olive that is pressed.
Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, the same.
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Mihrān related to us; and Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Wakīʿ related to us, both on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, the same.
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us, both on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, concerning the statement of Allah: وَالتِّينِ وَالزَّيْتُونِ , he said: The fruits that the people eat.
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Mihrān related to us, on the authority of Sallām ibn Salīm, on the authority of Khuṣayf, on the authority of Mujāhid: وَالتِّينِ وَالزَّيْتُونِ , he said: It is your fig and your olive.
Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: Muʾammal related to us, saying: Sufyān related to us, on the authority of Ḥammād, on the authority of Ibrāhīm, concerning His statement: وَالتِّينِ وَالزَّيْتُونِ , he said: The fig that is eaten, and the olive that is pressed.
Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of al-Kalbī: وَالتِّينِ وَالزَّيْتُونِ , it is what you see.
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda, he said: al-Ḥasan said concerning His statement: وَالتِّينِ وَالزَّيْتُونِ : The fig is your fig, and the olive is this olive of yours.
And others said: The fig is the mosque of Damascus, and the olive is Jerusalem (Bayt al-Maqdis).
* Mention of who said that:
Ibn Bashshār related to us, saying: Rawḥ related to us, saying: ʿAwf related to us, on the authority of Yazīd Abū ʿAbd Allāh, on the authority of Kaʿb, that he said concerning the statement of Allah: وَالتِّينِ وَالزَّيْتُونِ : The fig is the mosque of Damascus, and the olive is Jerusalem.
Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda, concerning His statement: وَالتِّينِ , he said: The mountain upon which Damascus lies, وَالزَّيْتُونَ : that upon which Jerusalem lies.
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda: وَالتِّينِ وَالزَّيْتُونِ : it has been related to us that the fig is the mountain upon which Damascus lies, and the olive: that upon which Jerusalem lies.
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said, and I asked him about the statement of Allah: وَالتِّينِ وَالزَّيْتُونِ , he said: The fig is the mosque of Damascus, and the olive is the mosque of Aelia (Īliyāʾ, Jerusalem).
Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Wakīʿ related to us, on the authority of Abū Bakr, on the authority of ʿIkrima: وَالتِّينِ وَالزَّيْتُونِ , he said: They are two mountains.
And others said: The fig is the mosque of Nūḥ, and the olive is the mosque of Jerusalem.
* Mention of who said that:
Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, concerning His statement: وَالتِّينِ وَالزَّيْتُونِ , he means the mosque of Nūḥ that was built upon al-Jūdī, and the olive: Jerusalem. He said: and it is said: the fig, the olive, and Mount Sīnīn (Ṭūr Sīnīn): three mosques in Syria (al-Shām).
The correct ruling concerning this is, according to us: the ruling of the one who said: The fig is the fig that is eaten, and the olive is the olive from which oil is pressed, because that is what is known among the Arabs, and there is no mountain known as "fig," nor a mountain called "olive" — unless someone were to say: our Lord, exalted is His praise, swore by the fig and the olive, but what is meant by the words is the oath by the places where the fig grows and the places where the olive grows, so that this could be a valid view, even though there is no proof of its correctness in the literal meaning of the revelation, nor in the statement of anyone whose contradiction is not permissible, since Damascus has the places where the fig grows, and Jerusalem has the places where the olive grows.