Tafseer of The Sun · Ash-Shams · 91:10
And he has failed who instills it [with corruption].
Important: The Arabic source text is always authoritative. This translation is a study aid and has not been verified by scholars — do not use it as a basis for religious proof or for deriving rulings (ahkam). When in doubt, always consult the Arabic text and a qualified scholar.
His saying: وَقَدْ خَابَ مَنْ دَسَّاهَا ("And indeed disappointed is he who corrupted/concealed her") (91:10). He, exalted is His mention, says: and indeed disappointed in his striving — so that he did not attain what he sought and pursued for himself of virtue — is the one who "dassāhā," that is to say: the one whose soul Allah concealed and caused to wither and debased, by forsaking him with respect to guidance, until he committed sins and abandoned obedience to Allah. And it is said: "dassāhā" is originally "dassasahā" ("he concealed/hid her"), one of the two sīns being replaced by a yāʾ, as al-ʿAjjāj said:
"The receding (taqaḍḍī) of the falcon when the falcon swooped down (kasar)"
by which he means "taqaḍḍuḍ." And one says "taẓannaytu" for "this matter," in the meaning of "taẓannantu" ("I supposed"). The Arabs do this frequently: in a word with a doubled consonant (mushaddada) they replace one of its letters, sometimes with a yāʾ and sometimes with a wāw. To this also belongs the saying of another:
"He carries me along in poetry, every kind, until he wards off from me the alternating of suppositions (al-taẓannī)"
by which he means "al-taẓannun."
And in accordance with what we have said concerning this, the exegetes have spoken.
* Mention of who said that:
ʿAlī related to me, saying: Abū Ṣāliḥ related to us, saying: Muʿāwiya related to me, on the authority of ʿAlī, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās: وَقَدْ خَابَ مَنْ دَسَّاهَا — he says: and indeed disappointed is the one whose soul Allah concealed and thus caused to go astray.
Muḥammad ibn Saʿd related to me, saying: my father related to me, saying: my uncle related to me, saying: my father related to me, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās: وَقَدْ خَابَ مَنْ دَسَّاهَا — he means: her denial/disbelief.
Abū Kurayb related to us, saying: Wakīʿ related to us, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of Khaṣīf, on the authority of Mujāhid and Saʿīd ibn Jubayr: وَقَدْ خَابَ مَنْ دَسَّاهَا — one of the two said: he seduced her to evil (aghwāhā), and the other said: he caused her to go astray (aḍallahā).
Ibn Ḥumayd related to us, saying: Mihrān related to us, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of Khaṣīf, on the authority of Mujāhid: وَقَدْ خَابَ مَنْ دَسَّاهَا — he said: he caused her to go astray; and Saʿīd said: the one who seduced her to evil.
Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr related to me, saying: Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, saying: ʿĪsā related to us; and al-Ḥārith related to me, saying: al-Ḥasan related to us, saying: Warqāʾ related to us, both on the authority of Ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, his saying: مَنْ دَسَّاهَا — he said: he seduced her to evil.
Bishr related to us, saying: Yazīd related to us, saying: Saʿīd related to us, on the authority of Qatāda: وَقَدْ خَابَ مَنْ دَسَّاهَا — he said: he burdened her with sin and caused her to perish.
Ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā related to us, saying: Ibn Thawr related to us, on the authority of Maʿmar, on the authority of Qatāda, the like of that.
Yūnus related to me, saying: Ibn Wahb informed us, saying: Ibn Zayd said, concerning His saying: وَقَدْ خَابَ — he says: and indeed disappointed is the one whose soul Allah concealed.
